resolve_relative_location removed "." and ".." segments only from a relative-path Location. A Location that starts with "/" or an absolute URI was requested as is, so a redirect to /dir/../target went out as /dir/../target and a server that does not normalize the path answered 404.
RFC 3986 section 5.2.2 applies remove_dot_segments to the target path of every reference that has a path, and Go and urllib3 do the same. The loop now lives in detail::remove_dot_segments, and ClientImpl::redirect applies it to an absolute path as well. Relative locations resolve as before.