Add shared detail helpers for the #5891 cleanup

Add detail::is_primitive(value_t), detail::hex4_lower(), detail::utf8_shape(),
detail::input_format_name(), detail::empty_input_message(), the exception ids
116, 319, 320 and 416 to detail::exception_id, and make
detail::is_ascii_copyable() constexpr. Later commits switch the duplicated
code over to them.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp

@@ -177,6 +177,35 @@ inline bool owns_memory(const value_t t) noexcept
     }
 }
 
+/*!
+@brief whether a value of the given type is neither an object nor an array
+
+Unlike basic_json::is_primitive(), this includes value_t::discarded: it names
+the types for which iterators, JSON Pointer resolution, and the serializer take
+the "single value" path. Every enumerator is listed so that -Wswitch-enum flags
+this function when a new type is added.
+*/
+inline bool is_primitive(const value_t t) noexcept
+{
+    switch (t)
+    {
+        case value_t::object:
+        case value_t::array:
+            return false;
+
+        case value_t::null:
+        case value_t::string:
+        case value_t::boolean:
+        case value_t::number_integer:
+        case value_t::number_unsigned:
+        case value_t::number_float:
+        case value_t::binary:
+        case value_t::discarded:
+        default:
+            return true;
+    }
+}
+
 
 /*!
 @brief compare an integer with a floating point number without precision loss