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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=description content="JSON for Modern C++ is a header-only C++11 library that makes JSON a first-class data type."><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/home/debugging/" rel="canonical"><link href=../sponsors/ rel=prev><link href=../../features/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Debugging - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/brand.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/fig-sax.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/fig-jsonview.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/fig-exceptions.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/fig-pointer.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/fig-charts.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/fig-integration.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/fig-macros.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=custom data-md-color-accent=custom> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#debugging class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <img src=../../images/wordmark-header.svg alt=logo> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=custom data-md-color-accent=custom aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=custom data-md-color-accent=custom aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for=__palette_0 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 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</code></pre></div> </li> <li> <p>Generate a Natvis file with the tags of your configuration, for example for <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code>, <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</code>, and <code>JSON_NO_SIMD</code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>make<span class=w> </span>natvis<span class=w> </span><span class=nv>NATVIS_ARGS</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=s2>"--abi-tags _diag,_dp,_ns --output my_nlohmann_json.natvis"</span>
</code></pre></div> </li> <li> <p>Use the generated file instead of <code>nlohmann_json.natvis</code>.</p> </li> </ol> <p><code>--abi-tags</code> can be repeated for several configurations, and <code>--all</code> generates every combination (about 60 MB for 12 <abbr title="Application Binary Interface">ABI</abbr> tags, doubling with each further tag). See <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/generate_natvis"><code>tools/generate_natvis</code></a> for all options.</p> <p>Debug engines that wrap <abbr title="LLVM Debugger">LLDB</abbr> instead of the <abbr title="Microsoft Visual C++">MSVC</abbr> debug engine (for example, <code>codelldb</code> in VS Code) only have partial/experimental Natvis support, and commonly fall back to showing raw internal fields even with the <code>.natvis</code> file present. Switching to <code>cppvsdbg</code> where available, or checking your debug extension's own Natvis support/version, are the next things to try if this happens. There is currently no bundled <abbr title="LLVM Debugger">LLDB</abbr>-native pretty-printer script in this repository.</p> <h2 id=gdb><abbr title="GNU Debugger">GDB</abbr><a class=headerlink href=#gdb title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The repository ships a <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/gdb_pretty_printer"><abbr title="GNU Debugger">GDB</abbr> Python pretty printer</a> under <code>tools/gdb_pretty_printer</code>, with its own usage instructions in that directory's <code>README.md</code>.</p> <h2 id=extended-exception-diagnostics>Extended exception diagnostics<a class=headerlink href=#extended-exception-diagnostics title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Defining <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> before including the library augments <code>type_error</code>/<code>out_of_range</code>-style exceptions with a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer to the offending value, which can help pinpoint where in a large document a runtime error occurred. This only applies to exceptions thrown <em>after</em> a value exists (e.g. during element access); parse errors, which happen before any value exists to point at, are not covered by this mechanism — see <a href=../../features/parsing/parse_exceptions/ >Parsing and exceptions</a> for how parse errors report their own location instead.</p> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> - extended exception messages with the path of the failing value</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</code></a> - record byte positions of values for error messages</li> <li><a href=../exceptions/ >Exceptions</a> - all exceptions and their error codes</li> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/exception/ ><code>exception</code></a> - base class of all exceptions thrown by the library</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 27, 2026 06:41:42 UTC">October 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=../sponsors/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Sponsors"> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <span class=md-footer__direction>Line truncated
</code></pre></div> </li> <li> <p>Use the generated file instead of <code>nlohmann_json.natvis</code>.</p> </li> </ol> <p><code>--abi-tags</code> can be repeated for several configurations, and <code>--all</code> generates every combination (about 60 MB for 11 <abbr title="Application Binary Interface">ABI</abbr> tags, doubling with each further tag). See <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/generate_natvis"><code>tools/generate_natvis</code></a> for all options.</p> <p>Debug engines that wrap <abbr title="LLVM Debugger">LLDB</abbr> instead of the <abbr title="Microsoft Visual C++">MSVC</abbr> debug engine (for example, <code>codelldb</code> in VS Code) only have partial/experimental Natvis support, and commonly fall back to showing raw internal fields even with the <code>.natvis</code> file present. Switching to <code>cppvsdbg</code> where available, or checking your debug extension's own Natvis support/version, are the next things to try if this happens. There is currently no bundled <abbr title="LLVM Debugger">LLDB</abbr>-native pretty-printer script in this repository.</p> <h2 id=gdb><abbr title="GNU Debugger">GDB</abbr><a class=headerlink href=#gdb title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The repository ships a <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/gdb_pretty_printer"><abbr title="GNU Debugger">GDB</abbr> Python pretty printer</a> under <code>tools/gdb_pretty_printer</code>, with its own usage instructions in that directory's <code>README.md</code>.</p> <h2 id=extended-exception-diagnostics>Extended exception diagnostics<a class=headerlink href=#extended-exception-diagnostics title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Defining <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> before including the library augments <code>type_error</code>/<code>out_of_range</code>-style exceptions with a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer to the offending value, which can help pinpoint where in a large document a runtime error occurred. This only applies to exceptions thrown <em>after</em> a value exists (e.g. during element access); parse errors, which happen before any value exists to point at, are not covered by this mechanism — see <a href=../../features/parsing/parse_exceptions/ >Parsing and exceptions</a> for how parse errors report their own location instead.</p> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> - extended exception messages with the path of the failing value</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</code></a> - record byte positions of values for error messages</li> <li><a href=../exceptions/ >Exceptions</a> - all exceptions and their error codes</li> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/exception/ ><code>exception</code></a> - base class of all exceptions thrown by the library</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="November 1, 2026 16:20:41 UTC">November 1, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=../sponsors/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Sponsors"> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <span class=md-footer__direction>Line truncated
+3 -1
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@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ This page collects the library's built-in debugger integrations and other debugg
The repository ships [`nlohmann_json.natvis`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/nlohmann_json.natvis) at its root, a [Natvis](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/create-custom-views-of-native-objects) file that gives `json`/`ordered_json` values a friendly, key/value debugger view instead of showing raw internal fields, when debugging with the MSVC debug engine (`cppvsdbg`) in Visual Studio or VS Code.
The file also has visualizers for `json_document` and `json_view` (and their `ordered_json`/editable variants). They show the value of the document or view, and its elements as an expandable list. Because a document is only a flat index into the source text, the strings of the direct elements are shown, but the elements of nested arrays and objects are shown as index nodes (their kind, size, and numbers; strings only by length). Arrays and objects that have been edited in a `json_editable_document` are not expanded. The visualizers read the internal layout of the MSVC STL (`std::array`, `std::unique_ptr`).
The checked-in visualizers cover namespace variants with zero, one, or two ABI tags. Configurations with three or more ABI tags are not covered and may show raw internal fields instead. To generate a Natvis file for such a configuration:
1. Check out the release tag of the library version you use.
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ The checked-in visualizers cover namespace variants with zero, one, or two ABI t
1. Use the generated file instead of `nlohmann_json.natvis`.
`--abi-tags` can be repeated for several configurations, and `--all` generates every combination (about 60 MB for 12 ABI tags, doubling with each further tag). See [`tools/generate_natvis`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/generate_natvis) for all options.
`--abi-tags` can be repeated for several configurations, and `--all` generates every combination (about 60 MB for 11 ABI tags, doubling with each further tag). See [`tools/generate_natvis`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/generate_natvis) for all options.
Debug engines that wrap LLDB instead of the MSVC debug engine (for example, `codelldb` in VS Code) only have partial/experimental Natvis support, and commonly fall back to showing raw internal fields even with the `.natvis` file present. Switching to `cppvsdbg` where available, or checking your debug extension's own Natvis support/version, are the next things to try if this happens. There is currently no bundled LLDB-native pretty-printer script in this repository.