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<span class=k>enum</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>TaskState</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_RUNNING</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_COMPLETED</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_INVALID</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=mi>-1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=p>};</span><span class=w></span>
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href=https://json.nlohmann.me/features/enum_conversion/ rel=canonical><link href=../assertions/ rel=prev><link href=../macros/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.4.7"><title>Specializing enum conversion - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.4b4a2bd9.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.356b1318.min.css><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link rel=stylesheet href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CJetBrains+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet 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<span class=k>enum</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>TaskState</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_RUNNING</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_COMPLETED</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_INVALID</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=mi>-1</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=p>};</span>
<span class=c1>// map TaskState values to JSON as strings</span>
<span class=n>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TaskState</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_INVALID</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>nullptr</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;stopped&quot;</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_RUNNING</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;running&quot;</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_COMPLETED</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;completed&quot;</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=p>})</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=n>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TaskState</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_INVALID</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>nullptr</span><span class=p>},</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;stopped&quot;</span><span class=p>},</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_RUNNING</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;running&quot;</span><span class=p>},</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>TS_COMPLETED</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;completed&quot;</span><span class=p>},</span>
<span class=p>})</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()</code> macro</a> declares a set of <code>to_json()</code> / <code>from_json()</code> functions for type <code>TaskState</code> while avoiding repetition and boilerplate serialization code.</p> <h2 id=usage>Usage<a class=headerlink href=#usage title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// enum to JSON as string</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;stopped&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;stopped&quot;</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=c1>// json string to enum</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j3</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;running&quot;</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j3</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>TaskState</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_RUNNING</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j3</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>&quot;running&quot;</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j3</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>TaskState</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_RUNNING</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=c1>// undefined json value to enum (where the first map entry above is the default)</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jPi</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mf>3.14</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w></span>
<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>jPi</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>TaskState</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_INVALID</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w></span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Just as in <a href=../arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> above,</p> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()</code></a> MUST be declared in your enum type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate it, and it will default to integer serialization.</li> <li>It MUST be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use the conversions.</li> </ul> <p>Other Important points:</p> <ul> <li>When using <code>template get&lt;ENUM_TYPE&gt;()</code>, undefined JSON values will default to the first pair specified in your map. Select this default pair carefully.</li> <li>If an enum or JSON value is specified more than once in your map, the first matching occurrence from the top of the map will be returned when converting to or from JSON.</li> <li>To disable the default serialization of enumerators as integers and force a compiler error instead, see <a href=../../api/macros/json_disable_enum_serialization/ ><code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code></a>.</li> </ul> <hr> <div class=md-source-file> <small> Last update: <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date">June 11, 2023</span> </small> </div> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> </div> <a href=# class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg> Back to top </a> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=../assertions/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Runtime Assertions" rel=prev> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Previous </span> Runtime Assertions </div> </div> </a> <a href=../macros/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: Supported Macros" rel=next> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Next </span> Supported Macros </div> </div> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4Z"/></svg> </div> </a> </nav> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013 - 2022 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href=https://github.com/nlohmann target=_blank rel=noopener title=github.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 496 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 6.2.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg> </a> <a href=https://twitter.com/nlohmann target=_blank rel=noopener title=twitter.coLine truncated
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jPi</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mf>3.14</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>jPi</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>TaskState</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>TS_INVALID</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Just as in <a href=../arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> above,</p> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()</code></a> MUST be declared in your enum type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate it, and it will default to integer serialization.</li> <li>It MUST be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use the conversions.</li> </ul> <p>Other Important points:</p> <ul> <li>When using <code>template get&lt;ENUM_TYPE&gt;()</code>, undefined JSON values will default to the first pair specified in your map. Select this default pair carefully.</li> <li>If an enum or JSON value is specified more than once in your map, the first matching occurrence from the top of the map will be returned when converting to or from JSON.</li> <li>To disable the default serialization of enumerators as integers and force a compiler error instead, see <a href=../../api/macros/json_disable_enum_serialization/ ><code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code></a>.</li> </ul> <hr> <div class=md-source-file> <small> Last update: <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date">June 11, 2023</span> </small> </div> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013 - 2023 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href=https://github.com/nlohmann target=_blank rel=noopener title=github.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 496 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg> </a> <a href=https://twitter.com/nlohmann target=_blank rel=noopener title=twitter.com class=md-social__link> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 6.4.2 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715Line truncated