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@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
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<span class=c1>// convert from JSON: copy each value from the JSON object</span>
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<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=p>};</span><span class=w></span>
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</code></pre></div> <p>It works, but that's quite a lot of boilerplate... Fortunately, there's a better way:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// create a person</span>
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<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"Ned Flanders"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"744 Evergreen Terrace"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>60</span><span class=p>};</span><span class=w></span>
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@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
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<span class=c1>// {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}</span>
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<span class=c1>// conversion: json -> person</span>
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<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=c1>// that's it</span>
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<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p2</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w></span>
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@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>).</span><span class=n>get_to</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// namespace ns</span>
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</code></pre></div> <p>That's all! When calling the <code>json</code> constructor with your type, your custom <code>to_json</code> method will be automatically called. Likewise, when calling <code>get<your_type>()</code> or <code>get_to(your_type&)</code>, the <code>from_json</code> method will be called.</p> <p>Some important things:</p> <ul> <li>Those methods <strong>MUST</strong> be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace <code>ns</code>, where <code>person</code> is defined).</li> <li>Those methods <strong>MUST</strong> be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use these conversions. Look at <a href=https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108>issue 1108</a> for errors that may occur otherwise.</li> <li>When using <code>get<your_type>()</code>, <code>your_type</code> <strong>MUST</strong> be <a href=https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible>DefaultConstructible</a>. (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)</li> <li>In function <code>from_json</code>, use function <a href=../../api/basic_json/at/ ><code>at()</code></a> to access the object values rather than <code>operator[]</code>. In case a key does not exist, <code>at</code> throws an exception that you can handle, whereas <code>operator[]</code> exhibits undefined behavior.</li> <li>You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for STL types like <code>std::vector</code>: the library already implements these.</li> </ul> <h2 id=simplify-your-life-with-macros>Simplify your life with macros<a class=headerlink href=#simplify-your-life-with-macros title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>If you just want to serialize/deserialize some structs, the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions can be a lot of boilerplate.</p> <p>There are four macros to make your life easier as long as you (1) want to use a JSON object as serialization and (2) want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object:</p> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the namespace of the class/struct to create code for. It will throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object.</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the namespace of the class/struct to create code for. It will not throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object, but fills in values from object which is default-constructed by the type.</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the class/struct to create code for. This macro can also access private members. It will throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object.</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the class/struct to create code for. This macro can also access private members. It will not throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object, but fills in values from object which is default-constructed by the type.</li> </ul> <p>In all macros, the first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members. You can read more docs about them starting from <a href=../macros/#nlohmann_define_type_intrusivetype-member>here</a>.</p> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <ul> <li>The current macro implementations are limited to at most 64 member variables. If you want to serialize/deserialize types with more than 64 member variables, you need to define the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions manually.</li> <li>The macros only work for the <a href=../../api/json/ ><code>nlohmann::json</code></a> type; other specializations such as <a href=../../api/ordered_json/ ><code>nlohmann::ordered_json</code></a> are currently unsupported.</li> </ul> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions for the <code>person</code> struct above can be created with:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>ns</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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||||
</code></pre></div> <p>That's all! When calling the <code>json</code> constructor with your type, your custom <code>to_json</code> method will be automatically called. Likewise, when calling <code>template get<your_type>()</code> or <code>get_to(your_type&)</code>, the <code>from_json</code> method will be called.</p> <p>Some important things:</p> <ul> <li>Those methods <strong>MUST</strong> be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace <code>ns</code>, where <code>person</code> is defined).</li> <li>Those methods <strong>MUST</strong> be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use these conversions. Look at <a href=https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108>issue 1108</a> for errors that may occur otherwise.</li> <li>When using <code>template get<your_type>()</code>, <code>your_type</code> <strong>MUST</strong> be <a href=https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible>DefaultConstructible</a>. (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)</li> <li>In function <code>from_json</code>, use function <a href=../../api/basic_json/at/ ><code>at()</code></a> to access the object values rather than <code>operator[]</code>. In case a key does not exist, <code>at</code> throws an exception that you can handle, whereas <code>operator[]</code> exhibits undefined behavior.</li> <li>You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for STL types like <code>std::vector</code>: the library already implements these.</li> </ul> <h2 id=simplify-your-life-with-macros>Simplify your life with macros<a class=headerlink href=#simplify-your-life-with-macros title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>If you just want to serialize/deserialize some structs, the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions can be a lot of boilerplate.</p> <p>There are four macros to make your life easier as long as you (1) want to use a JSON object as serialization and (2) want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object:</p> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the namespace of the class/struct to create code for. It will throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object.</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the namespace of the class/struct to create code for. It will not throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object, but fills in values from object which is default-constructed by the type.</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the class/struct to create code for. This macro can also access private members. It will throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object.</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT(name, member1, member2, ...)</code></a> is to be defined inside the class/struct to create code for. This macro can also access private members. It will not throw an exception in <code>from_json()</code> due to a missing value in the JSON object, but fills in values from object which is default-constructed by the type.</li> </ul> <p>In all macros, the first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members. You can read more docs about them starting from <a href=../macros/#nlohmann_define_type_intrusivetype-member>here</a>.</p> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <ul> <li>The current macro implementations are limited to at most 64 member variables. If you want to serialize/deserialize types with more than 64 member variables, you need to define the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions manually.</li> <li>The macros only work for the <a href=../../api/json/ ><code>nlohmann::json</code></a> type; other specializations such as <a href=../../api/ordered_json/ ><code>nlohmann::ordered_json</code></a> are currently unsupported.</li> </ul> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions for the <code>person</code> struct above can be created with:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>ns</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=p>}</span><span class=w></span>
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</code></pre></div> <p>Here is an example with private members, where <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> is needed:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>ns</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>is_null</span><span class=p>())</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>opt</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>boost</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>none</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>else</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>opt</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// same as above, but with</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>opt</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// same as above, but with</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// adl_serializer<T>::from_json</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w></span>
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@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// note: the return type is no longer 'void', and the method only takes</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// one argument</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>move_only_type</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>()};</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>()};</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Here's the catch! You must provide a to_json method! Otherwise, you</span>
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@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>to_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w></span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// this calls BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::from_json(j, value);</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// if BasicJsonType::json_serializer == bad_serializer ... oops!</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// oops!</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// oops!</span>
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||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w></span>
|
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<span class=p>};</span><span class=w></span>
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</code></pre></div> <hr> <div class=md-source-file> <small> Last update: <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date">March 8, 2023</span> </small> </div> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> </div> <a href=# class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg> Back to top </a> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=../../home/sponsors/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Sponsors" rel=prev> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Previous </span> Sponsors </div> </div> </a> <a href=../binary_formats/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: Binary Formats" rel=next> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Next </span> Binary Formats </div> </div> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4Z"/></svg> </div> </a> </nav> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013 - 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</code></pre></div> <hr> <div class=md-source-file> <small> Last update: <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date">June 11, 2023</span> </small> </div> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> </div> <a href=# class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg> Back to top </a> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=../../home/sponsors/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: Sponsors" rel=prev> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Previous </span> Sponsors </div> </div> </a> <a href=../binary_formats/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: Binary Formats" rel=next> <div class=md-footer__title> <div class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-footer__direction> Next </span> Binary Formats </div> </div> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4Z"/></svg> </div> </a> </nav> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013 - 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