deploy: 95e9a5931c

api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling/index.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 </code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, a <code>'\0'</code> (NUL) byte in <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text input is rejected with <code>parse_error.101</code>, like any other unexpected byte, instead of being silently treated as end of input.</p> <p>The macro only affects the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text parser (<a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/accept/ ><code>accept</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/sax_parse/ ><code>sax_parse</code></a>, and <a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><code>operator&gt;&gt;</code></a>). There are three cases where a NUL byte is still not rejected:</p> <ul> <li>The binary formats (<a href=../../basic_json/from_bjdata/ ><code>from_bjdata</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_bson/ ><code>from_bson</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_cbor/ ><code>from_cbor</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_msgpack/ ><code>from_msgpack</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_ubjson/ ><code>from_ubjson</code></a>) are never affected: there, <code>0x00</code> is ordinary data.</li> <li>A bare <code>const char*</code> pointer has no length of its own, so its length is still determined with <code>strlen()</code>. The first NUL byte therefore still marks the end of the input, and nothing after it is read.</li> <li>One trailing <code>'\0'</code> at the end of a <code>char</code> array (e.g., a string literal) is trimmed; see the warning below.</li> </ul> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING 0</span>
 </code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Background</p> <p>By default, a <code>'\0'</code> byte anywhere in the input is treated the same as the real end of the input, rather than as an ordinary (and, outside of a string, invalid) byte. Everything from that byte onward is silently ignored, without a parse error - including further, otherwise well-formed <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"123"</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w>          </span><span class=c1>// == 123, no error</span>
 <span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"123"</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"true"</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// == 123, the "true" is silently ignored too</span>
-</code></pre></div> <p>This falls out of the same convention used when no explicit input length is given at all: parsing from a <code>const char*</code> already stops at the first NUL byte via <code>strlen()</code>, since a bare pointer has no length of its own. The library applies that same NUL-terminated-C-string convention uniformly, rather than only when a length is genuinely unavailable - so a <code>std::string</code>, iterator range, or container whose content happens to include a NUL byte is affected the same way a raw <code>const char*</code> would be (see the <a href=../../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr> entry</a> for a fuller explanation).</p> <p>This was not fixed unconditionally, because doing so is backwards-incompatible for any caller who happens to depend on the current behavior - even unknowingly, for instance because their input already contains trailing padding they never noticed was being discarded (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5530">#5530</a>). This macro instead offers an opt-in path to the corrected behavior ahead of version 4.0.0, where it is planned to become the default.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Opt-in only</p> <p>This macro must be defined <strong>before</strong> including <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code>. Defining it after the include has no effect.</p> <p>Enabling it also changes how a <code>char</code> array (including a string literal, e.g. <code>json::parse("123")</code>) is read: such an array normally carries a trailing <code>'\0'</code> contributed by the compiler, not by the source text. With this macro enabled, that one trailing byte is trimmed if present so that parsing a string literal keeps working; every other byte in the array - including any <code>'\0'</code> that is not the very last element - is read as real data and rejected like any other unexpected byte. Arrays of any other element type (<code>unsigned char</code>, <code>std::uint8_t</code>, ...), as used for <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> or MessagePack, are never affected by this trimming; their full extent - including a genuine trailing <code>0x00</code> - is always preserved, in both states of this macro.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Workaround without the macro</p> <p>To reject a NUL byte without enabling this macro, trim your input yourself before calling <code>parse()</code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>resize</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>find</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=p>));</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// drop everything from the first NUL onward, if any</span>
+</code></pre></div> <p>This falls out of the same convention used when no explicit input length is given at all: parsing from a <code>const char*</code> already stops at the first NUL byte via <code>strlen()</code>, since a bare pointer has no length of its own. The library applies that same NUL-terminated-C-string convention uniformly, rather than only when a length is genuinely unavailable - so a <code>std::string</code>, iterator range, or container whose content happens to include a NUL byte is affected the same way a raw <code>const char*</code> would be (see the <a href=../../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr> entry</a> for a fuller explanation).</p> <p>This was not fixed unconditionally, because doing so is backwards-incompatible for any caller who happens to depend on the current behavior - even unknowingly, for instance because their input already contains trailing padding they never noticed was being discarded (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5530">#5530</a>). This macro instead offers an opt-in path to the corrected behavior ahead of version 4.0.0, where it is planned to become the default.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Opt-in only</p> <p>This macro must be defined <strong>before</strong> including <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code>. Defining it after the include has no effect.</p> <p>Enabling it also changes how a <code>char</code> array (including a string literal, e.g. <code>json::parse("123")</code>) is read: such an array normally carries a trailing <code>'\0'</code> contributed by the compiler, not by the source text. With this macro enabled, that one trailing byte is trimmed if present so that parsing a string literal keeps working; every other byte in the array - including any <code>'\0'</code> that is not the very last element - is read as real data and rejected like any other unexpected byte. Arrays of any other element type (<code>unsigned char</code>, <code>std::uint8_t</code>, ...), as used for <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> or MessagePack, are never affected by this trimming; their full extent - including a genuine trailing <code>0x00</code> - is always preserved, in both states of this macro.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>The value of this macro is encoded in the <a href=../../../features/namespace/ >namespace</a> (tag <code>_snul</code>), resulting in distinct symbol names. Translation units compiled with and without it can therefore be linked into the same program without One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, but they cannot exchange instances of library types.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Workaround without the macro</p> <p>To reject a NUL byte without enabling this macro, trim your input yourself before calling <code>parse()</code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>resize</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>find</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=p>));</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// drop everything from the first NUL onward, if any</span>
 <span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>);</span>
 </code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, a NUL byte silently ends parsing at that point:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
 
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@
 <span class=w>    </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>ok</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"123"</span><span class=p>);</span>
 <span class=w>    </span><span class=c1>// ok is 123 -- parsing from a string literal still works</span>
 <span class=p>}</span>
-</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr>: NUL bytes in the input</a></li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><strong>parse</strong></a> - deserialize from a compatible input</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/accept/ ><strong>accept</strong></a> - check if the input is valid <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></li> <li><a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><strong>operator&gt;&gt;</strong></a> - deserialize from stream</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> <li>Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 25, 2026 18:34:58 UTC">September 25, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr>: NUL bytes in the input</a></li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><strong>parse</strong></a> - deserialize from a compatible input</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/accept/ ><strong>accept</strong></a> - check if the input is valid <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></li> <li><a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><strong>operator&gt;&gt;</strong></a> - deserialize from stream</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> <li>Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 25, 2026 19:56:39 UTC">September 25, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling/index.md

@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ This macro must be defined **before** including `<nlohmann/json.hpp>`. Defining
 
 Enabling it also changes how a `char` array (including a string literal, e.g. `json::parse("123")`) is read: such an array normally carries a trailing `'\0'` contributed by the compiler, not by the source text. With this macro enabled, that one trailing byte is trimmed if present so that parsing a string literal keeps working; every other byte in the array - including any `'\0'` that is not the very last element - is read as real data and rejected like any other unexpected byte. Arrays of any other element type (`unsigned char`, `std::uint8_t`, ...), as used for CBOR or MessagePack, are never affected by this trimming; their full extent - including a genuine trailing `0x00` - is always preserved, in both states of this macro.
 
+ABI compatibility
+
+The value of this macro is encoded in the [namespace](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/namespace/index.md) (tag `_snul`), resulting in distinct symbol names. Translation units compiled with and without it can therefore be linked into the same program without One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, but they cannot exchange instances of library types.
+
 Workaround without the macro
 
 To reject a NUL byte without enabling this macro, trim your input yourself before calling `parse()`: