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# <small>nlohmann::basic_json_view::</small>at
```cpp
// (1)
basic_json_view at(string_view_t key) const;
basic_json_view at(const char* key) const;
basic_json_view at(const string_t& key) const;
// (2)
basic_json_view at(size_type idx) const;
template<typename IntegerType>
basic_json_view at(IntegerType idx) const;
// (3)
basic_json_view at(const json_pointer& ptr) const;
```
1. Returns the value of the object member with key `key` -- the first one, should the key occur more than once (see
[Notes on duplicate keys](operator[].md#notes)).
2. Returns the array element at index `idx`. The template accepts every integer type except `#!cpp bool` and
`#!cpp std::size_t` and forwards to the `size_type` overload, as for [`operator[]`](operator[].md); a negative
`idx` is out of range.
3. Returns the value a JSON pointer `ptr` refers to, starting at this value.
## Parameters
`key` (in)
: object key of the element to access
`idx` (in)
: index of the element to access
`ptr` (in)
: JSON pointer to the element to access
## Return value
1. the value of the first member with key `key`
2. the element at index `idx`
3. the value `ptr` resolves to, starting at this value
## Exception safety
Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
## Exceptions
1. The function can throw the following exceptions, both with the same message as the corresponding call to
[`BasicJsonType::at`](../basic_json/at.md):
- Throws [`type_error.304`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error304) if the value is not an object.
- Throws [`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403) if no member has key `key`.
2. The function can throw the following exceptions, both with the same message as the corresponding call to
[`BasicJsonType::at`](../basic_json/at.md):
- Throws [`type_error.304`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error304) if the value is not an array.
- Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if `#!cpp idx >= size()`.
3. The function can throw the following exceptions, all with the same message as the corresponding call to
[`BasicJsonType::at`](../basic_json/at.md):
- Throws [`parse_error.106`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error106) if an array index in `ptr`
begins with `#!cpp '0'`.
- Throws [`parse_error.109`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error109) if an array index in `ptr` is
not a number.
- Throws [`out_of_range.401`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range401) if an array index in `ptr`
is out of range.
- Throws [`out_of_range.402`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range402) if a reference token is
`#!cpp "-"` at an array -- `at` never inserts an element, so `#!cpp "-"` is always invalid.
- Throws [`out_of_range.403`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range403) if a reference token names
an object member that does not exist.
- Throws [`out_of_range.404`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) if `ptr` cannot be resolved
because a reference token is used on a primitive value.
None of these exceptions carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
## Complexity
1. Linear in the number of members: as for [`ordered_json`](../ordered_json.md), members are compared one after
another, in document order, stopping at the first match. Each comparison first checks the
key's length -- already known from the index, without reading the key bytes -- before comparing its content.
Objects with 128 or more members get a hash index of their keys while parsing, so that a lookup in them takes
constant time on average.
2. Linear in `idx`: elements are skipped one at a time from the first one, since they are not a fixed size in the
index (unlike `BasicJsonType`'s array, which is random-access).
3. Linear in the number of reference tokens of `ptr` and, for each token, in the number of members of the object at
that level (as 1.) or the index into the array (as 2.).
## Notes
!!! warning "Duplicate keys: the first member wins"
If the source text repeats a key, this resolves to the *first* member with it, not to the last one that
[`materialize()`](materialize.md) and `parse()` keep. See the [Notes on duplicate keys](operator[].md#notes) of
`operator[]` and [Duplicate keys](../../features/json_view.md#duplicate-keys) for the reasons and for how to get
the last value.
Unlike [`operator[]`](operator[].md), which returns a [discarded](is_discarded.md) view for a missing key or an
out-of-range index, `at` always throws -- exactly as `BasicJsonType::at` does, and with the same messages, so
existing error handling written against `BasicJsonType::at` keeps working unchanged when switched to a view. This
also holds for overload 3: unlike [`operator[]`](operator[].md) with a JSON pointer, which returns a discarded view
for a missing key or an out-of-range index, `at` throws for those too (`out_of_range.403`/`out_of_range.401`).
## Examples
??? example "Example: (1)/(2) access specified element with bounds checking"
The example below reads required fields out of a service configuration with `at`, and shows that the exceptions
it throws -- for a wrong type and for a missing key -- carry the same messages
[`BasicJsonType::at`](../basic_json/at.md) would produce for the same JSON text.
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
using json_document = nlohmann::json_document;
using json_view = nlohmann::json_view;
int main()
{
// required fields of a service configuration -- at() reports a missing
// or wrong-typed field with the very same exception basic_json::at()
// would throw for the equivalent nlohmann::json value, so error
// handling written against basic_json::at() keeps working unchanged
json_document config = json_document::parse(R"({"name": "cache", "port": "6379"})");
const json_view service = config.root();
std::cout << service.at("port").materialize().dump() << '\n';
try
{
// "port" is a string, not an array
static_cast<void>(service.at("port").at(0));
}
catch (const nlohmann::json::type_error& e)
{
std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
}
try
{
static_cast<void>(service.at("timeout"));
}
catch (const nlohmann::json::out_of_range& e)
{
std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
}
}
```
Output:
```json
"6379"
[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string
[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'timeout' not found
```
??? example "Example: (3) access specified element via JSON pointer with bounds checking"
The example below shows that `at` with a JSON pointer throws exactly the exceptions, with exactly the messages,
that [`BasicJsonType::at`](../basic_json/at.md) throws for the same pointer and the same document.
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
using json_document = nlohmann::json_document;
using json_pointer = nlohmann::json::json_pointer;
int main()
{
json_document doc = json_document::parse(R"({"region": "eu", "servers": ["eu-1", "eu-2"]})");
const auto root = doc.root();
std::cout << root.at(json_pointer("/servers/1")).materialize().dump() << '\n';
// at() throws for every resolution failure -- with the very same
// message json::at(ptr) would throw for the same pointer and the same
// document
try
{
static_cast<void>(root.at(json_pointer("/servers/5")));
}
catch (const nlohmann::json::out_of_range& e)
{
std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
}
try
{
static_cast<void>(root.at(json_pointer("/missing")));
}
catch (const nlohmann::json::out_of_range& e)
{
std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
}
}
```
Output:
```json
"eu-2"
[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 5 is out of range
[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'missing' not found
```
## See also
- [operator[]](operator[].md) - access specified element (returns a discarded view instead of throwing)
- [front](front.md), [back](back.md) - access the first or last element
- [`BasicJsonType::at`](../basic_json/at.md) - the corresponding function of `basic_json`
- [`json_pointer`](../json_pointer/index.md) - JSON pointer type used by overload 3
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.