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@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Some aspects of the library can be configured by defining preprocessor macros **
- [**JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM**\
**JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_filesystem/index.md) - control `std::filesystem` support
- [**JSON_HAS_RANGES**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_ranges/index.md) - control `std::ranges` support
- [**JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_static_rtti/index.md) - control RTTI (run time type information) support
- [**JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_std_format/index.md) - control `std::format`/`std::formatter` support
- [**JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_three_way_comparison/index.md) - control 3-way comparison support
- [**JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls/index.md) - do not include the user-defined string literals (UDLs) automatically
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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Therefore, assertions can be switched off by defining `NDEBUG`.
## Examples
??? example "Example 1: default behavior"
??? example "Example: default behavior"
The following code will trigger an assertion at runtime:
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Therefore, assertions can be switched off by defining `NDEBUG`.
Assertion failed: (m_value.object->find(key) != m_value.object->end()), function operator[], file json.hpp, line 2144.
```
??? example "Example 2: user-defined behavior"
??? example "Example: user-defined behavior"
The assertion reporting can be changed by defining `JSON_ASSERT(x)` differently.
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro controls which code is executed for <a href=../../../features/assertions/ >runtime assertions</a> of the library.</p> <h2 id=parameters>Parameters<a class=headerlink href=#parameters title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>x</code> (in)</dt> <dd>expression of a scalar type</dd> </dl> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert"><code class=highlight><span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>x</span><span class=p>)</span></code></a>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_ASSERT(x) assert(x)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Therefore, assertions can be switched off by defining <code>NDEBUG</code>.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>The library uses numerous assertions to guarantee invariants and to abort in case of otherwise undefined behavior (e.g., when calling <a href=../../basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ >operator[]</a> with a missing object key on a <code>const</code> object). See page <a href=../../../features/assertions/ >runtime assertions</a> for more information.</li> <li>Defining the macro to code that does not call <code>std::abort</code> may leave the library in an undefined state.</li> <li>The macro is undefined outside the library.</li> </ul> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example 1: default behavior</summary> <p>The following code will trigger an assertion at runtime:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Therefore, assertions can be switched off by defining <code>NDEBUG</code>.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>The library uses numerous assertions to guarantee invariants and to abort in case of otherwise undefined behavior (e.g., when calling <a href=../../basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ >operator[]</a> with a missing object key on a <code>const</code> object). See page <a href=../../../features/assertions/ >runtime assertions</a> for more information.</li> <li>Defining the macro to code that does not call <code>std::abort</code> may leave the library in an undefined state.</li> <li>The macro is undefined outside the library.</li> </ul> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: default behavior</summary> <p>The following code will trigger an assertion at runtime:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>v</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"missing"</span><span class=p>];</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>Assertion failed: (m_value.object-&gt;find(key) != m_value.object-&gt;end()), function operator[], file json.hpp, line 2144.
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 2: user-defined behavior</summary> <p>The assertion reporting can be changed by defining <code>JSON_ASSERT(x)</code> differently.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;cstdio&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: user-defined behavior</summary> <p>The assertion reporting can be changed by defining <code>JSON_ASSERT(x)</code> differently.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;cstdio&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;cstdlib&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_ASSERT(x) if(!(x)){fprintf(stderr, "assertion error in %s\n", __FUNCTION__); std::abort();}</span>
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>v</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"missing"</span><span class=p>];</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>assertion error in operator[]
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/assertions/ >Runtime Assertions</a> - overview documentation</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/assertions/ >Runtime Assertions</a> - overview documentation</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+2 -2
View File
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Therefore, assertions can be switched off by defining `NDEBUG`.
## Examples
Example 1: default behavior
Example: default behavior
The following code will trigger an assertion at runtime:
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Output:
Assertion failed: (m_value.object->find(key) != m_value.object->end()), function operator[], file json.hpp, line 2144.
```
Example 2: user-defined behavior
Example: user-defined behavior
The assertion reporting can be changed by defining `JSON_ASSERT(x)` differently.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
## Examples
??? example "Default behavior (macro not defined)"
??? example "Example: default behavior (macro not defined)"
Without the macro, single-element brace initialization wraps the value in an array:
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
}
```
??? example "Opt-in copy semantics (macro defined to 1)"
??? example "Example: opt-in copy semantics (macro defined to 1)"
With the macro, single-element brace initialization copies/moves the value:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, single-element brace initialization of a <code>basic_json</code> value is treated as a copy/move of the element rather than wrapping it in a single-element array.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Background</p> <p>C++ always prefers the <code>initializer_list</code> constructor over the copy/move constructor for brace initialization. This means that code like</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>obj</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=s>"key"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"value"</span><span class=p>}};</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>obj</span><span class=p>};</span>
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"text"</span><span class=p>};</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// "text", not ["text"]</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j3</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>}};</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// [1,2], not [[1,2]]</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Code that relies on these producing arrays must use <code>json::array()</code> instead (see below). Lists with more than one element, and a single <code>[string, value]</code> pair such as <code>{{"key", "value"}}</code>, which still creates an object, are not affected. The library's own conversions are not affected either: for example, <code>std::tuple&lt;int&gt;{5}</code> still becomes <code>[5]</code>.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>The value of this macro is encoded in the <a href=../../../features/namespace/ >namespace</a> (tag <code>_bics</code>), resulting in distinct symbol names. Translation units compiled with and without it can therefore be linked into the same program without One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, but they cannot exchange instances of library types.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Workaround without the macro</p> <p>To explicitly create a single-element array without enabling this macro, use <code>json::array()</code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>array</span><span class=p>({</span><span class=n>obj</span><span class=p>});</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// always creates [obj]</span>
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, single-element brace initialization wraps the value in an array:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, single-element brace initialization wraps the value in an array:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>obj</span><span class=p>};</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j is [{"key":"value"}] -- single-element array, NOT a copy of obj</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Opt-in copy semantics (macro defined to 1)</summary> <p>With the macro, single-element brace initialization copies/moves the value:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS 1</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: opt-in copy semantics (macro defined to 1)</summary> <p>With the macro, single-element brace initialization copies/moves the value:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>obj</span><span class=p>};</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j is {"key":"value"} -- copy of obj</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/faq/#brace-initialization-yields-arrays><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr>: Brace initialization yields arrays</a></li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/basic_json/ ><strong>basic_json(initializer_list_t)</strong></a> - the affected constructor</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/faq/#brace-initialization-yields-arrays><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr>: Brace initialization yields arrays</a></li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/basic_json/ ><strong>basic_json(initializer_list_t)</strong></a> - the affected constructor</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ json j = json::array({obj}); // always creates [obj]
## Examples
Default behavior (macro not defined)
Example: default behavior (macro not defined)
Without the macro, single-element brace initialization wraps the value in an array:
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Opt-in copy semantics (macro defined to 1)
Example: opt-in copy semantics (macro defined to 1)
With the macro, single-element brace initialization copies/moves the value:
@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@ int main()
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
The output shows the start/end positions of all the objects and fields in the JSON string.
??? example "Example 2: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions"
??? example "Example: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/diagnostic_positions_exception.cpp"
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
The output shows the exception with start/end positions only.
??? example "Example 3: using extended diagnostics with positions enabled in exceptions"
??? example "Example: using extended diagnostics with positions enabled in exceptions"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/diagnostics_extended_positions.cpp"
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro enables position diagnostics for generated <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> objects.</p> <p>When enabled, two new member functions <a href=../../basic_json/start_pos/ ><code>start_pos()</code></a> and <a href=../../basic_json/end_pos/ ><code>end_pos()</code></a> are added to <a href=../../basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a> values. If the value was created by calling the<a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> function, then these functions allow querying the byte positions of the value in the input it was parsed from. In case the value was constructed by other means, <code>std::string::npos</code> is returned.</p> <p><a href=../../basic_json/start_pos/ ><code>start_pos()</code></a> returns the position of the first character of a given value in the original <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> string, while <a href=../../basic_json/end_pos/ ><code>end_pos()</code></a> returns the position of the character <em>following</em> the last character. For objects and arrays, the first and last characters correspond to the opening or closing braces/brackets, respectively. For primitive values, the first and last character represents the opening and closing quotes (strings) or the first and last character of the field's numerical or predefined value (<code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, <code>null</code>), respectively.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> type</th> <th>return value <a href=../../basic_json/start_pos/ ><code>start_pos()</code></a></th> <th>return value <a href=../../basic_json/end_pos/ ><code>end_pos()</code></a></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>object</td> <td>position of the opening <code>{</code></td> <td>position after the closing <code>}</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>position of the opening <code>[</code></td> <td>position after the closing <code>]</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>string</td> <td>position of the opening <code>"</code></td> <td>position after the closing <code>"</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>number</td> <td>position of the first character</td> <td>position after the last character</td> </tr> <tr> <td>boolean</td> <td>position of <code>t</code> for <code>true</code> and <code>f</code> for <code>false</code></td> <td>position after <code>e</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>null</td> <td>position of <code>n</code></td> <td>position after <code>l</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Given the above, <a href=../../basic_json/end_pos/ ><code>end_pos()</code></a><code>-</code><a href=../../basic_json/start_pos/ ><code>start_pos()</code></a> for a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value provides the length of the parsed <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> string for that value, including the opening or closing braces, brackets, or quotes.</p> <p>Note that enabling this macro increases the size of every <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value by two <code>std::size_t</code> fields and adds slight runtime overhead to parsing, copying <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value objects, and the generation of error messages for exceptions. It also causes these values to be reported in those error messages.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (position diagnostics are switched off).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Diagnostic positions can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_diagnostic_positions><code>JSON_Diagnostic_Positions</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Availability</p> <p>Diagnostic positions are only available if the value was created by the <a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> function. The <a href=../../basic_json/sax_parse/ ><code>sax_parse</code></a> function or all other means to create a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value <strong>do not</strong> set the diagnostic positions and <a href=../../basic_json/start_pos/ ><code>start_pos()</code></a> and <a href=../../basic_json/end_pos/ ><code>end_pos()</code></a> will only return <code>std::string::npos</code> for these values.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Invalidation</p> <p>The returned positions are only valid as long as the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value is not changed. The positions are <em>not</em> updated when the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value is changed.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: retrieving positions</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Original string:
1
Parsed string:
1
</code></pre></div> <p>The output shows the start/end positions of all the objects and fields in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> string.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 2: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The output shows the start/end positions of all the objects and fields in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> string.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Parsed string:
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] (bytes 92-95) type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> <div class=codehilite><pre><span></span><code>The output shows the exception with start/end positions only.
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 3: using extended diagnostics with positions enabled in exceptions</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: using extended diagnostics with positions enabled in exceptions</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_DIAGNOSTICS 1</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS 1</span>
@@ -165,4 +165,4 @@ Parsed string:
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] (/address/housenumber) (bytes 92-95) type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> <div class=codehilite><pre><span></span><code>The output shows the exception with diagnostic path info and start/end positions.
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_diagnostic_positions><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_Diagnostic_Positions</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> <li><a href=../json_diagnostics/ >JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</a> - macro to control extended diagnostics</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_diagnostic_positions><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_Diagnostic_Positions</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> <li><a href=../json_diagnostics/ >JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</a> - macro to control extended diagnostics</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 6Line truncated
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Parsed string:
The output shows the start/end positions of all the objects and fields in the JSON string.
Example 2: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions
Example: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions
```
#include <iostream>
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Output:
The output shows the exception with start/end positions only.
```
Example 3: using extended diagnostics with positions enabled in exceptions
Example: using extended diagnostics with positions enabled in exceptions
```
#include <iostream>
+3 -3
View File
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
## Examples
??? example "Example 1: default behavior"
??? example "Example: default behavior"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp"
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
This exception can be hard to debug if storing the value `#!c "12"` and accessing it is further apart.
??? example "Example 2: extended diagnostic messages"
??? example "Example: extended diagnostic messages"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp"
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
Now the exception message contains a JSON Pointer `/address/housenumber` that indicates which value has the wrong type.
??? example "Example 3: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions"
??? example "Example: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/diagnostic_positions_exception.cpp"
+5 -5
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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<svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTICS </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio 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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro enables <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#extended-diagnostic-messages>extended diagnostics for exception messages</a>. Possible values are <code>1</code> to enable or <code>0</code> to disable (default).</p> <p>When enabled, exception messages contain a <a href=../../json_pointer/json_pointer/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer</a> to the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value that triggered the exception. Note that enabling this macro increases the size of every <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value by one pointer and adds some runtime overhead.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (extended diagnostics are switched off).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DIAGNOSTICS 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>As of version 3.11.0, this macro is no longer required to be defined consistently throughout a codebase to avoid One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, as the value of this macro is encoded in the namespace, resulting in distinct symbol names. </p> <p>This allows different parts of a codebase to use different versions or configurations of this library without causing improper behavior.</p> <p>Where possible, it is still recommended that all code define this the same way for maximum interoperability.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Diagnostic messages can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_diagnostics><code>JSON_Diagnostics</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code> accordingly. Note this only applies when building the library from source — see the pre-installed-package caveat on that page.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example 1: default behavior</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>As of version 3.11.0, this macro is no longer required to be defined consistently throughout a codebase to avoid One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, as the value of this macro is encoded in the namespace, resulting in distinct symbol names. </p> <p>This allows different parts of a codebase to use different versions or configurations of this library without causing improper behavior.</p> <p>Where possible, it is still recommended that all code define this the same way for maximum interoperability.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Diagnostic messages can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_diagnostics><code>JSON_Diagnostics</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code> accordingly. Note this only applies when building the library from source — see the pre-installed-package caveat on that page.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: default behavior</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> <p>This exception can be hard to debug if storing the value <code class=highlight><span class=s>"12"</span></code> and accessing it is further apart.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 2: extended diagnostic messages</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>This exception can be hard to debug if storing the value <code class=highlight><span class=s>"12"</span></code> and accessing it is further apart.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: extended diagnostic messages</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp># define JSON_DIAGNOSTICS 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] (/address/housenumber) type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> <p>Now the exception message contains a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer <code>/address/housenumber</code> that indicates which value has the wrong type.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 3: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Now the exception message contains a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer <code>/address/housenumber</code> that indicates which value has the wrong type.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -75,4 +75,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] (bytes 92-95) type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> The output shows the exception with start/end positions only.</p> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_diagnostics><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_Diagnostics</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> <li><a href=../json_diagnostic_positions/ >JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</a> - macro to access positions of elements</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.0.</li> <li>As of version 3.11.0, the definition is allowed to vary between translation units.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> The output shows the exception with start/end positions only.</p> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_diagnostics><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_Diagnostics</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> <li><a href=../json_diagnostic_positions/ >JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</a> - macro to access positions of elements</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.0.</li> <li>As of version 3.11.0, the definition is allowed to vary between translation units.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+3 -3
View File
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Diagnostic messages can also be controlled with the CMake option [`JSON_Diagnost
## Examples
Example 1: default behavior
Example: default behavior
```
#include <iostream>
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Output:
This exception can be hard to debug if storing the value `"12"` and accessing it is further apart.
Example 2: extended diagnostic messages
Example: extended diagnostic messages
```
#include <iostream>
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Output:
Now the exception message contains a JSON Pointer `/address/housenumber` that indicates which value has the wrong type.
Example 3: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions
Example: using only diagnostic positions in exceptions
```
#include <iostream>
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The default value is `0`.
## Examples
??? example "Example 1: Disabled behavior"
??? example "Example: Disabled behavior"
The code below forces the library **not** to create default serialization/deserialization functions `from_json` and `to_json`, meaning the code below
**does not** compile.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The default value is `0`.
}
```
??? example "Example 2: Serialize enum macro"
??? example "Example: Serialize enum macro"
The code below forces the library **not** to create default serialization/deserialization functions `from_json` and `to_json`, but uses
[`NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM`](nlohmann_json_serialize_enum.md) to parse and serialize the enum.
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ The default value is `0`.
}
```
??? example "Example 3: User-defined serialization/deserialization functions"
??? example "Example: User-defined serialization/deserialization functions"
The code below forces the library **not** to create default serialization/deserialization functions `from_json` and `to_json`, but uses user-defined
functions to parse and serialize the enum.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, default serialization and deserialization functions for enums are excluded and have to be provided by the user, for example, using <a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a> (see <a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >arbitrary type conversions</a> for more details).</p> <p>Parsing or serializing an enum will result in a compiler error.</p> <p>This works for both unscoped and scoped enums.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Enum serialization can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disableenumserialization><code>JSON_DisableEnumSerialization</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example 1: Disabled behavior</summary> <p>The code below forces the library <strong>not</strong> to create default serialization/deserialization functions <code>from_json</code> and <code>to_json</code>, meaning the code below <strong>does not</strong> compile.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 1</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Enum serialization can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disableenumserialization><code>JSON_DisableEnumSerialization</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Disabled behavior</summary> <p>The code below forces the library <strong>not</strong> to create default serialization/deserialization functions <code>from_json</code> and <code>to_json</code>, meaning the code below <strong>does not</strong> compile.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// normally invokes from_json parse function but with JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION defined, it does not</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>Choice</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>ch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>Choice</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 2: Serialize enum macro</summary> <p>The code below forces the library <strong>not</strong> to create default serialization/deserialization functions <code>from_json</code> and <code>to_json</code>, but uses <a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a> to parse and serialize the enum.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 1</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Serialize enum macro</summary> <p>The code below forces the library <strong>not</strong> to create default serialization/deserialization functions <code>from_json</code> and <code>to_json</code>, but uses <a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a> to parse and serialize the enum.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// uses user-defined from_json function defined by macro</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>Choice</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>ch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>Choice</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 3: User-defined serialization/deserialization functions</summary> <p>The code below forces the library <strong>not</strong> to create default serialization/deserialization functions <code>from_json</code> and <code>to_json</code>, but uses user-defined functions to parse and serialize the enum.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 1</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: User-defined serialization/deserialization functions</summary> <p>The code below forces the library <strong>not</strong> to create default serialization/deserialization functions <code>from_json</code> and <code>to_json</code>, but uses user-defined functions to parse and serialize the enum.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -88,4 +88,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// uses user-defined from_json function</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>Choice</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>ch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>Choice</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disableenumserialization><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_DisableEnumSerialization</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a> - serialize/deserialize an enum</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disableenumserialization><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_DisableEnumSerialization</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a> - serialize/deserialize an enum</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Enum serialization can also be controlled with the CMake option [`JSON_DisableEn
## Examples
Example 1: Disabled behavior
Example: Disabled behavior
The code below forces the library **not** to create default serialization/deserialization functions `from_json` and `to_json`, meaning the code below **does not** compile.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Example 2: Serialize enum macro
Example: Serialize enum macro
The code below forces the library **not** to create default serialization/deserialization functions `from_json` and `to_json`, but uses [`NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/index.md) to parse and serialize the enum.
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Example 3: User-defined serialization/deserialization functions
Example: User-defined serialization/deserialization functions
The code below forces the library **not** to create default serialization/deserialization functions `from_json` and `to_json`, but uses user-defined functions to parse and serialize the enum.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
## Examples
??? example "Default behavior (macro not defined)"
??? example "Example: default behavior (macro not defined)"
```cpp
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
}
```
??? example "Conversion disabled (macro defined to 1)"
??? example "Example: conversion disabled (macro defined to 1)"
```cpp
#define JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION 1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, a <code>basic_json</code> value can no longer be constructed from a one-element <code>std::tuple</code> whose element is a reference to that <code>basic_json</code> type, such as <code>std::tuple&lt;json&amp;&gt;</code>, <code>std::tuple&lt;const json&amp;&gt;</code>, or <code>std::tuple&lt;json&amp;&amp;&gt;</code>. These are the tuples created by <code>std::forward_as_tuple(j)</code>.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Background</p> <p>By default, <code>basic_json</code> can be constructed from any <code>std::tuple</code> whose elements can be converted to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>; the result is an array. This includes <code>std::tuple&lt;json&amp;&gt;</code>, which becomes a one-element array.</p> <p><code>std::tuple</code> only converts another tuple element by element if its element type cannot be constructed from the whole source tuple. Because <code>json</code> <em>can</em> be constructed from <code>std::tuple&lt;json&amp;&gt;</code>, <code>std::tuple</code> instead converts the whole tuple into a single <code>json</code> value. This has two surprising effects:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
</code></pre></div> <p>Enabling this macro removes the conversion, so both tuples are converted element by element: <code>std::get&lt;0&gt;(t1)</code> refers to <code>j</code>, and <code>std::get&lt;0&gt;(t2)</code> is a copy of <code>j</code> (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2226">#2226</a>).</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Opt-in only</p> <p>This macro must be defined <strong>before</strong> including <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code>. Defining it after the include has no effect.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Affected conversions</p> <p>Only one-element tuples holding a reference to the <strong>same</strong> <code>basic_json</code> type are affected. Constructing a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value from them no longer compiles:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>a</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>forward_as_tuple</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// error with the macro enabled</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>b</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>array</span><span class=p>({</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>});</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// use this instead: [true]</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Tuples holding a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value (<code>std::make_tuple(j)</code>), tuples with more than one element, and tuples holding references to other types (including other <code>basic_json</code> specializations) are converted to arrays as before.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>This behavior can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disabletuplereferenceconversion><code>JSON_DisableTupleReferenceConversion</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Tuples holding a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value (<code>std::make_tuple(j)</code>), tuples with more than one element, and tuples holding references to other types (including other <code>basic_json</code> specializations) are converted to arrays as before.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>This behavior can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disabletuplereferenceconversion><code>JSON_DisableTupleReferenceConversion</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>t</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>forward_as_tuple</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>));</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// std::get&lt;0&gt;(t) is [true] -- the whole tuple was converted</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Conversion disabled (macro defined to 1)</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION 1</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: conversion disabled (macro defined to 1)</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&amp;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>r</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>forward_as_tuple</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>));</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// std::get&lt;0&gt;(r) refers to j</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/basic_json/ ><strong>basic_json(CompatibleType&amp;&amp;)</strong></a> - the affected constructor</li> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disabletuplereferenceconversion><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_DisableTupleReferenceConversion</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/basic_json/ ><strong>basic_json(CompatibleType&amp;&amp;)</strong></a> - the affected constructor</li> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_disabletuplereferenceconversion><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_DisableTupleReferenceConversion</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ This behavior can also be controlled with the CMake option [`JSON_DisableTupleRe
## Examples
Default behavior (macro not defined)
Example: default behavior (macro not defined)
```
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Conversion disabled (macro defined to 1)
Example: conversion disabled (macro defined to 1)
```
#define JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION 1
@@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ int main()
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
+7
View File
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ The default value is detected based on preprocessor macros such as `#!cpp __cplu
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM / JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM](json_has_filesystem.md) - control `std::filesystem` support
- [JSON_HAS_RANGES](json_has_ranges.md) - control `std::ranges` support
- [JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON](json_has_three_way_comparison.md) - control 3-way comparison support
- [JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT](json_has_std_format.md) - control `std::format`/`std::formatter` support
## Version history
- Added in version 3.10.5.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_CPP_14</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_CPP_17</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_CPP_20</span>
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.5.</li> <li>Added <code>JSON_HAS_CPP_23</code> in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added <code>JSON_HAS_CPP_26</code> in version 3.13.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../json_has_filesystem/ >JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM / JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM</a> - control <code>std::filesystem</code> support</li> <li><a href=../json_has_ranges/ >JSON_HAS_RANGES</a> - control <code>std::ranges</code> support</li> <li><a href=../json_has_three_way_comparison/ >JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON</a> - control 3-way comparison support</li> <li><a href=../json_has_std_format/ >JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT</a> - control <code>std::format</code>/<code>std::formatter</code> support</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.5.</li> <li>Added <code>JSON_HAS_CPP_23</code> in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added <code>JSON_HAS_CPP_26</code> in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+8 -1
View File
@@ -33,8 +33,15 @@ The code below forces the library to use the C++14 standard:
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM / JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_filesystem/index.md) - control `std::filesystem` support
- [JSON_HAS_RANGES](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_ranges/index.md) - control `std::ranges` support
- [JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_three_way_comparison/index.md) - control 3-way comparison support
- [JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_std_format/index.md) - control `std::format`/`std::formatter` support
## Version history
- Added in version 3.10.5.
- Added `JSON_HAS_CPP_23` in version 3.12.0.
- Added `JSON_HAS_CPP_26` in version 3.13.0.
- Added `JSON_HAS_CPP_26` in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
+5
View File
@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ The default value is detected based on the preprocessor macros `#!cpp __cpp_lib_
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 /
JSON_HAS_CPP_26](json_has_cpp_11.md) - set supported C++ standard
## Version history
- Added in version 3.10.5.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_filesystem/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_has_cpp_11/ rel=prev><link href=../json_has_ranges/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM, JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM </span><span class=cm>/* value */</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When compiling with C++17, the library provides conversions from and to <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/filesystem/path"><code>std::filesystem::path</code></a>. As compiler support for filesystem is limited, the library tries to detect whether <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/filesystem"><code>&lt;filesystem&gt;</code>/<code>std::filesystem</code></a> (<code>JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM</code>) or <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/experimental/filesystem"><code>&lt;experimental/filesystem&gt;</code>/<code>std::experimental::filesystem</code></a> (<code>JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM</code>) should be used. To override the built-in check, define <code>JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM</code> or <code>JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM</code> to <code>1</code>.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is detected based on the preprocessor macros <code class=highlight><span class=n>__cpp_lib_filesystem</span></code>, <code class=highlight><span class=n>__cpp_lib_experimental_filesystem</span></code>, <code class=highlight><span class=n>__has_include</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>filesystem</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>)</span></code>, or <code class=highlight><span class=n>__has_include</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>experimental</span><span class=o>/</span><span class=n>filesystem</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>)</span></code>.</p> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Known compiler/stdlib exclusions</p> <p>Even when the feature-test macro indicates filesystem support is available, the library disables it on the following broken toolchains:</p> <ul> <li><strong>MinGW + <abbr title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</abbr> 8</strong> — disabled entirely (broken <code>std::filesystem</code> implementation; <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/bugs/737/">MinGW-w64 bug 737</a>)</li> <li><strong><abbr title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</abbr> (non-Clang) &lt; 8</strong> — disabled (no filesystem support)</li> <li><strong>Clang &lt; 7</strong> — disabled (no filesystem support)</li> <li><strong><abbr title="Microsoft Visual C++">MSVC</abbr> &lt; 19.14</strong> — disabled (no filesystem support)</li> <li><strong>iOS &lt; 13</strong> — disabled (no filesystem support)</li> <li><strong>macOS &lt; Catalina (10.15)</strong> — disabled (no filesystem support)</li> </ul> <p>If <code>JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM</code> or <code>JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM</code> is <code>0</code> despite <code>__cpp_lib_filesystem</code> being defined, one of the exclusions above likely applies to your toolchain.</p> </div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Note that older compilers or older versions of libstdc++ also require the library <code>stdc++fs</code> to be linked to for filesystem support.</li> <li>Both macros are undefined outside the library.</li> </ul> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below forces the library to use the header <code>&lt;experimental/filesystem&gt;</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.5.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../json_has_cpp_11/ >JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 / JSON_HAS_CPP_26</a> - set supported C++ standard</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.5.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+4
View File
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ The code below forces the library to use the header `<experimental/filesystem>`.
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 / JSON_HAS_CPP_26](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_cpp_11/index.md) - set supported C++ standard
## Version history
- Added in version 3.10.5.
+7
View File
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 /
JSON_HAS_CPP_26](json_has_cpp_11.md) - set supported C++ standard
- [JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT](json_has_std_format.md) - a similar feature-detection macro, for `std::format`/`std::formatter`
support
## Version history
- Added in version 3.11.0.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_ranges/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_has_filesystem/ rel=prev><link href=../json_has_static_rtti/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_HAS_RANGES - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_ranges/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_has_filesystem/ rel=prev><link href=../json_has_static_rtti/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_HAS_RANGES - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro indicates whether the standard library has any support for ranges. Implies support for concepts. Possible values are <code>1</code> when supported or <code>0</code> when unsupported.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is detected based on the preprocessor macro <code class=highlight><span class=n>__cpp_lib_ranges</span></code>.</p> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Known compiler/stdlib exclusions</p> <p>Even when the feature-test macro <code>__cpp_lib_ranges</code> indicates ranges support is available, the library disables it on the following incomplete or broken toolchains:</p> <ul> <li><strong><abbr title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</abbr> 11.1.0</strong> — disabled (the shipped <code>&lt;ranges&gt;</code> header has a syntax error; <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/4440">issue #4440</a>)</li> <li><strong>libstdc++ &lt; 11</strong> — disabled (incomplete C++20 ranges support; <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/4440">issue #4440</a>)</li> <li><strong>Clang &lt; 16 with libstdc++</strong> — disabled (incomplete ranges support; <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/4440">issue #4440</a>)</li> <li><strong>libc++ &lt; 160000</strong> — disabled (incomplete C++20 ranges support; <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/4440">issue #4440</a>)</li> <li><strong>nvcc (CUDA) 12.0.x and 12.1.x</strong> — disabled (the <code>enable_borrowed_range</code> variable-template syntax triggers a parse error under these two toolkit versions; fixed in CUDA 12.2; <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3907">issue #3907</a>)</li> </ul> <p>If <code>JSON_HAS_RANGES</code> is <code>0</code> despite <code>__cpp_lib_ranges</code> being defined, one of the exclusions above likely applies to your toolchain.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below forces the library to enable support for ranges:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_RANGES 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../json_has_cpp_11/ >JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 / JSON_HAS_CPP_26</a> - set supported C++ standard</li> <li><a href=../json_has_std_format/ >JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT</a> - a similar feature-detection macro, for <code>std::format</code>/<code>std::formatter</code> support</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+5
View File
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ The code below forces the library to enable support for ranges:
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 / JSON_HAS_CPP_26](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_cpp_11/index.md) - set supported C++ standard
- [JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_std_format/index.md) - a similar feature-detection macro, for `std::format`/`std::formatter` support
## Version history
- Added in version 3.11.0.
+6 -1
View File
@@ -25,7 +25,12 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
...
```
## See also
- [**operator ValueType**](../basic_json/operator_ValueType.md) - get a value (implicit); on C++17, this macro
controls whether `std::any` is excluded from its candidate types
## Version history
- Added in version 3.11.3.
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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro indicates whether the standard library has any support for <abbr title="Runtime Type Information">RTTI</abbr> (run time type information). Possible values are <code>1</code> when supported or <code>0</code> when unsupported.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is detected based on the preprocessor macro <code class=highlight><span class=n>_HAS_STATIC_RTTI</span></code>.</p> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below forces the library to enable support for libraries with <abbr title="Runtime Type Information">RTTI</abbr> dependence:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.3.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/operator_ValueType/ ><strong>operator ValueType</strong></a> - get a value (implicit); on C++17, this macro controls whether <code>std::any</code> is excluded from its candidate types</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.3.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+4
View File
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ The code below forces the library to enable support for libraries with RTTI depe
...
```
## See also
- [**operator ValueType**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_ValueType/index.md) - get a value (implicit); on C++17, this macro controls whether `std::any` is excluded from its candidate types
## Version history
- Added in version 3.11.3.
+4
View File
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
...
```
## See also
- [`std::formatter<basic_json>`](../basic_json/std_formatter.md) - format JSON values with `std::format`
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro indicates whether the standard library has support for <code>std::format</code>/<code>std::formatter</code> (that is, the <code>&lt;format&gt;</code> header). Possible values are <code>1</code> when supported or <code>0</code> when unsupported.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is detected based on the preprocessor macros <code class=highlight><span class=n>JSON_HAS_CPP_20</span></code> and <code class=highlight><span class=n>__cpp_lib_format</span></code>.</p> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Enabled functionality</p> <p>When this macro evaluates to <code>1</code>, the library provides a <a href=../../basic_json/std_formatter/ ><code>std::formatter&lt;basic_json&gt;</code></a> specialization so <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> values can be used directly with <code>std::format</code>.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below forces the library to disable support for <code>std::format</code>, even if the standard library would otherwise support it:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT 0</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/std_formatter/ ><code>std::formatter&lt;basic_json&gt;</code></a> - format <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> values with <code>std::format</code></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+5 -1
View File
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ The code below forces the library to disable support for `std::format`, even if
...
```
## See also
- [`std::formatter<basic_json>`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/std_formatter/index.md) - format JSON values with `std::format`
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
...
```
## See also
- [**operator<=>**](../basic_json/operator_spaceship.md) - 3-way compare JSON values
- [**operator==**](../json_pointer/operator_eq.md) - compare JSON pointers for equality
## Version history
- Added in version 3.11.0.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro indicates whether the compiler and standard library support 3-way comparison. Possible values are <code>1</code> when supported or <code>0</code> when unsupported.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is detected based on the preprocessor macros <code class=highlight><span class=n>__cpp_impl_three_way_comparison</span></code> and <code class=highlight><span class=n>__cpp_lib_three_way_comparison</span></code>.</p> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below forces the library to use 3-way comparison:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/operator_spaceship/ ><strong>operator&lt;=&gt;</strong></a> - 3-way compare <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> values</li> <li><a href=../../json_pointer/operator_eq/ ><strong>operator==</strong></a> - compare <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> pointers for equality</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ The code below forces the library to use 3-way comparison:
...
```
## See also
- [**operator\<=>**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_spaceship/index.md) - 3-way compare JSON values
- [**operator==**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/json_pointer/operator_eq/index.md) - compare JSON pointers for equality
## Version history
- Added in version 3.11.0.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined, <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code> does not include <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code>, so the user-defined string literals <a href=../../operator_literal_json/ ><code>operator""_json</code></a> and <a href=../../operator_literal_json_pointer/ ><code>operator""_json_pointer</code></a> are not declared. Include <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code> in the files that use them.</p> <p>The literals are ordinary inline functions whose bodies call the parser, so every translation unit that includes them instantiates the parser — even if it never parses anything itself. Defining <code>JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS</code> for a whole project avoids this cost in translation units that do not parse (e.g., ones that only define types and conversions or pass <code>json</code> values around) and reduces their compile time.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, <code class=highlight><span class=n>JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS</span></code> is not defined, and <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code> includes <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#undef JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Header <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code></p> <p>The header includes <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code> itself and places the literals according to <a href=../json_use_global_udls/ ><code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code></a>. It is part of the multi-header sources (<code>include/nlohmann</code>) and of the single-header sources (<code>single_include/nlohmann</code>), next to <code>json.hpp</code>.</p> </div> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>C++ modules</p> <p>The <code>nlohmann.json</code> <a href=../../../features/modules/ >module</a> always exports the literals, regardless of this macro.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below includes the library without the literals and adds them in a single translation unit.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// compiled with -DJSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS for the whole project</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sa>R</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=dl>(</span><span class=s>{"foo": 42}</span><span class=dl>)</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=n>_json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"/foo"</span><span class=n>_json_pointer</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>42</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>?</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Without the include of <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code>, the code would fail to compile.</p> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json/ ><code>operator""_json</code></a></li> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json_pointer/ ><code>operator""_json_pointer</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_use_global_udls/ ><code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code></a> - place user-defined string literals (UDLs) into the global namespace</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> <p>Without the include of <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code>, the code would fail to compile.</p> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json/ ><code>operator""_json</code></a></li> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json_pointer/ ><code>operator""_json_pointer</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_use_global_udls/ ><code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code></a> - place user-defined string literals (UDLs) into the global namespace</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 30, 2026 18:08:17 UTC">September 30, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+1 -1
View File
@@ -56,4 +56,4 @@ Without the include of `<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>`, the code would fail to co
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
+5
View File
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ By default, `#!cpp JSON_NO_IO` is not defined.
...
```
## See also
- [**operator<<**](../operator_ltlt.md) - serialize to stream
- [**operator>>**](../operator_gtgt.md) - deserialize from stream
## Version history
- Added in version 3.10.0.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined, headers <code>&lt;cstdio&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;ios&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;iosfwd&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;istream&gt;</code>, and <code>&lt;ostream&gt;</code> are not included and parse functions relying on these headers are excluded. This is relevant for environments where these I/O functions are disallowed for security reasons (e.g., Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX)).</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, <code class=highlight><span class=n>JSON_NO_IO</span></code> is not defined.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#undef JSON_NO_IO</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below forces the library not to use the headers <code>&lt;cstdio&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;ios&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;iosfwd&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;istream&gt;</code>, and <code>&lt;ostream&gt;</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_NO_IO 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../operator_ltlt/ ><strong>operator&lt;&lt;</strong></a> - serialize to stream</li> <li><a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><strong>operator&gt;&gt;</strong></a> - deserialize from stream</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.10.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+5
View File
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ The code below forces the library not to use the headers `<cstdio>`, `<ios>`, `<
...
```
## See also
- [**operator\<<**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/operator_ltlt/index.md) - serialize to stream
- [**operator>>**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/operator_gtgt/index.md) - deserialize from stream
## Version history
- Added in version 3.10.0.
+5 -1
View File
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ Copying and comparing fall back to working without the call stack there, as they
...
```
## See also
- [FAQ: Thread safety](../../home/faq.md#thread-safety)
## Version history
- Added in version 3.12.1.
- Added in version 3.13.0.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined, the library does not use <code class=highlight><span class=k>thread_local</span></code> storage. This is relevant for the few environments whose toolchain does not support it.</p> <p>Copying a value and comparing two values both descend into the first levels by letting the containers copy or compare themselves, and finish whatever is nested deeper than that without the call stack, so that neither can exhaust the stack however deeply the values are nested. Each counts the levels it has descended into in a <code class=highlight><span class=k>thread_local</span></code> variable, as a counter shared between threads would be raced.</p> <p>Without those counters, no descent can be bounded safely, so objects and arrays are copied and compared without the call stack right away. Both keep working exactly as they do otherwise - the same values come out, the same comparisons hold, and deeply nested values are handled just as safely - but both are slower, because the containers no longer copy or compare themselves. Copying the benchmark documents takes 9% (<code>canada.json</code>) to 34% (<code>twitter.json</code>) longer, and comparing two equal ones 10% (<code>citm_catalog.json</code>) to 90% (<code>canada.json</code>) longer.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, <code class=highlight><span class=n>JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL</span></code> is not defined.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#undef JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The library defines it by itself for Clang targeting MinGW, which does not survive the <code class=highlight><span class=k>thread_local</span></code> storage: copying a value segfaults there, with both old and current Clang versions, while <abbr title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</abbr> targeting MinGW is unaffected. Copying and comparing fall back to working without the call stack there, as they do whenever the macro is defined.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below forces the library not to use <code class=highlight><span class=k>thread_local</span></code> storage.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.12.1.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/faq/#thread-safety><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr>: Thread safety</a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+5 -1
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@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ The code below forces the library not to use `thread_local` storage.
...
```
## See also
- [FAQ: Thread safety](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/faq/#thread-safety)
## Version history
- Added in version 3.12.1.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
+2 -2
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>Exceptions can be switched off by defining the symbol <code>JSON_NOEXCEPTION</code>. When defining <code>JSON_NOEXCEPTION</code>, <code class=highlight><span class=k>try</span></code> is replaced by <code class=highlight><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>)</span></code>, <code class=highlight><span class=k>catch</span></code> is replaced by <code class=highlight><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=nb>false</span><span class=p>)</span></code>, and <code class=highlight><span class=k>throw</span></code> is replaced by <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>abort</span><span class=p>()</span></code>.</p> <p>The same effect is achieved by setting the compiler flag <code>-fno-exceptions</code>.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, the macro is not defined.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#undef JSON_NOEXCEPTION</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The explanatory <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception/what"><code>what()</code></a> string of exceptions is not available for <abbr title="Microsoft Visual C++">MSVC</abbr> if exceptions are disabled, see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/2824">#2824</a>.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below switches off exceptions in the library.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_NOEXCEPTION 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/exceptions/#switch-off-exceptions>Switch off exceptions</a> for more information how to switch off exceptions</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 2.1.0.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/exceptions/#switch-off-exceptions>Switch off exceptions</a> for more information how to switch off exceptions</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 2.1.0.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="May 17, 2022 11:08:56 UTC">May 17, 2022</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+2 -2
View File
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
## Examples
??? example "Default behavior (macro not defined)"
??? example "Example: default behavior (macro not defined)"
Without the macro, the character after a number is consumed:
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
}
```
??? example "Opt-in precise stream position (macro defined to 1)"
??? example "Example: opt-in precise stream position (macro defined to 1)"
With the macro, the stream is positioned right after the number:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_precise_stream_position/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_no_thread_local/ rel=prev><link href=../json_skip_library_version_check/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, <a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><code>operator&gt;&gt;</code></a> and <a href=../../basic_json/sax_parse/ ><code>sax_parse</code></a> with <code>strict = false</code> leave a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span></code> positioned right after the parsed value for every value type. By default, the character that terminates a number is consumed as well.</p> <p>The macro only affects reading from a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span></code> when the rest of the stream is not required to be consumed. <a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/accept/ ><code>accept</code></a>, and all other inputs (strings, iterators, containers, <code class=highlight><span class=kt>FILE</span><span class=o>*</span></code>) are never affected.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Background</p> <p>A number is the only <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value whose end can be detected solely by reading the character that follows it. By default, that character is consumed and not put back, so the stream is left one byte too far after a number, and only after a number:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istringstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"1true"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
<span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>getline</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>line</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// default: "foo"</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// with the macro: "" (like after reading an int with &gt;&gt;)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>In both cases, the behavior with the macro is what you already get today when the value is not a number: <code>"a","b"</code> fails at the <code>,</code>, and <code>std::getline</code> after <code>{}</code> returns an empty string. This macro offers an opt-in path to the consistent behavior ahead of version 4.0.0, where it is planned to become the default.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Opt-in only</p> <p>This macro must be defined <strong>before</strong> including <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code>. Defining it after the include has no effect.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>The value of this macro is encoded in the <a href=../../../features/namespace/ >namespace</a> (tag <code>_psp</code>), resulting in distinct symbol names. Translation units compiled with and without it can therefore be linked into the same program without One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, but they cannot exchange instances of library types.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Workaround without the macro</p> <p>Separate the values in the stream with whitespace. The character consumed after a number is then the separator, and whitespace before the next value is skipped anyway.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, the character after a number is consumed:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>In both cases, the behavior with the macro is what you already get today when the value is not a number: <code>"a","b"</code> fails at the <code>,</code>, and <code>std::getline</code> after <code>{}</code> returns an empty string. This macro offers an opt-in path to the consistent behavior ahead of version 4.0.0, where it is planned to become the default.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Opt-in only</p> <p>This macro must be defined <strong>before</strong> including <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code>. Defining it after the include has no effect.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>The value of this macro is encoded in the <a href=../../../features/namespace/ >namespace</a> (tag <code>_psp</code>), resulting in distinct symbol names. Translation units compiled with and without it can therefore be linked into the same program without One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, but they cannot exchange instances of library types.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Workaround without the macro</p> <p>Separate the values in the stream with whitespace. The character consumed after a number is then the separator, and whitespace before the next value is skipped anyway.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, the character after a number is consumed:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;sstream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j1 == 1</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// throws parse_error.101: the stream now starts at "rue"</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Opt-in precise stream position (macro defined to 1)</summary> <p>With the macro, the stream is positioned right after the number:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION 1</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: opt-in precise stream position (macro defined to 1)</summary> <p>With the macro, the stream is positioned right after the number:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;sstream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j1</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j1 == 1</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j2 == true</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><strong>operator&gt;&gt;</strong></a> - deserialize from stream</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/sax_parse/ ><strong>sax_parse</strong></a> - generate <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> <li>Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><strong>operator&gt;&gt;</strong></a> - deserialize from stream</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/sax_parse/ ><strong>sax_parse</strong></a> - generate <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> <li>Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Separate the values in the stream with whitespace. The character consumed after
## Examples
Default behavior (macro not defined)
Example: default behavior (macro not defined)
Without the macro, the character after a number is consumed:
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Opt-in precise stream position (macro defined to 1)
Example: opt-in precise stream position (macro defined to 1)
With the macro, the stream is positioned right after the number:
@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@ int main()
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
- Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ By default, the macro is not defined.
## Examples
??? example
??? example "Example: switch off the version check"
The code below switches off the warning about including a different version of the library.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ By default, the macro is not defined.
...
```
!!! example
??? example "Example: warning about a different library version"
The following warning will be shown in case a different version of the library was already included:
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ By default, the macro is not defined.
Already included a different version of the library!
```
## See also
- [NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR,
NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH](nlohmann_json_version_major.md) - library version information
## Version history
Added in version 3.11.0.
- Added in version 3.11.0.
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined, the library will not create a compiler warning when a different version of the library was already included.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, the macro is not defined.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#undef JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition danger"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>Mixing different library versions in the same code can be a problem as the different versions may not be ABI compatible.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below switches off the warning about including a different version of the library.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK 1</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition danger"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>Mixing different library versions in the same code can be a problem as the different versions may not be ABI compatible.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: switch off the version check</summary> <p>The code below switches off the warning about including a different version of the library.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <div class="admonition example"> <p class=admonition-title>Example</p> <p>The following warning will be shown in case a different version of the library was already included:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>Already included a different version of the library!
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 3.11.0.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: warning about a different library version</summary> <p>The following warning will be shown in case a different version of the library was already included:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>Already included a different version of the library!
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_version_major/ >NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH</a> - library version information</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Mixing different library versions in the same code can be a problem as the diffe
## Examples
Example
Example: switch off the version check
The code below switches off the warning about including a different version of the library.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ The code below switches off the warning about including a different version of t
...
```
Example
Example: warning about a different library version
The following warning will be shown in case a different version of the library was already included:
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ The following warning will be shown in case a different version of the library w
Already included a different version of the library!
```
## See also
- [NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_version_major/index.md) - library version information
## Version history
Added in version 3.11.0.
- Added in version 3.11.0.
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ By default, the macro is not defined.
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 /
JSON_HAS_CPP_26](json_has_cpp_11.md) - set supported C++ standard
## Version history
Added in version 3.2.0.
- Added in version 3.2.0.
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_skip_library_version_check/ rel=prev><link href=../json_strict_nul_handling/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined, the library will not create a compile error when a known unsupported compiler is detected. This allows using the library with compilers that do not fully support C++11 and may only work if unsupported features are not used.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, the macro is not defined.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#undef JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below switches off the check whether the compiler is supported.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 3.2.0.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../json_has_cpp_11/ >JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 / JSON_HAS_CPP_26</a> - set supported C++ standard</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.2.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ The code below switches off the check whether the compiler is supported.
...
```
## See also
- [JSON_HAS_CPP_11 / JSON_HAS_CPP_14 / JSON_HAS_CPP_17 / JSON_HAS_CPP_20 / JSON_HAS_CPP_23 / JSON_HAS_CPP_26](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_has_cpp_11/index.md) - set supported C++ standard
## Version history
Added in version 3.2.0.
- Added in version 3.2.0.
+3 -2
View File
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
## Examples
??? example "Default behavior (macro not defined)"
??? example "Example: default behavior (macro not defined)"
Without the macro, a NUL byte silently ends parsing at that point:
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
}
```
??? example "Opt-in strict handling (macro defined to 1)"
??? example "Example: opt-in strict handling (macro defined to 1)"
With the macro, a NUL byte is rejected like any other unexpected byte:
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
## See also
- [:simple-cmake: JSON_StrictNulHandling](../../integration/cmake.md#json_strictnulhandling) - CMake option to control the macro
- [FAQ: NUL bytes in the input](../../home/faq.md#nul-bytes-in-the-input)
- [**parse**](../basic_json/parse.md) - deserialize from a compatible input
- [**accept**](../basic_json/accept.md) - check if the input is valid JSON
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check/ rel=prev><link href=../json_use_global_udls/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, a <code>'\0'</code> (NUL) byte in <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text input is rejected with <code>parse_error.101</code>, like any other unexpected byte, instead of being silently treated as end of input.</p> <p>The macro only affects the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text parser (<a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/accept/ ><code>accept</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/sax_parse/ ><code>sax_parse</code></a>, and <a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><code>operator&gt;&gt;</code></a>). There are three cases where a NUL byte is still not rejected:</p> <ul> <li>The binary formats (<a href=../../basic_json/from_bjdata/ ><code>from_bjdata</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_bon8/ ><code>from_bon8</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_bson/ ><code>from_bson</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_cbor/ ><code>from_cbor</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_msgpack/ ><code>from_msgpack</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_ubjson/ ><code>from_ubjson</code></a>) are never affected: there, <code>0x00</code> is ordinary data.</li> <li>A bare <code>const char*</code> pointer has no length of its own, so its length is still determined with <code>strlen()</code>. The first NUL byte therefore still marks the end of the input, and nothing after it is read.</li> <li>One trailing <code>'\0'</code> at the end of a <code>char</code>, <code>wchar_t</code>, <code>char16_t</code>, <code>char32_t</code>, or (C++20) <code>char8_t</code> array (e.g., a string literal) is trimmed; see the warning below.</li> </ul> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Background</p> <p>By default, a <code>'\0'</code> byte anywhere in the input is treated the same as the real end of the input, rather than as an ordinary (and, outside of a string, invalid) byte. Everything from that byte onward is silently ignored, without a parse error - including further, otherwise well-formed <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"123"</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// == 123, no error</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"123"</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"true"</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// == 123, the "true" is silently ignored too</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>This falls out of the same convention used when no explicit input length is given at all: parsing from a <code>const char*</code> already stops at the first NUL byte via <code>strlen()</code>, since a bare pointer has no length of its own. The library applies that same NUL-terminated-C-string convention uniformly, rather than only when a length is genuinely unavailable - so a <code>std::string</code>, iterator range, or container whose content happens to include a NUL byte is affected the same way a raw <code>const char*</code> would be (see the <a href=../../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr> entry</a> for a fuller explanation).</p> <p>This was not fixed unconditionally, because doing so is backwards-incompatible for any caller who happens to depend on the current behavior - even unknowingly, for instance because their input already contains trailing padding they never noticed was being discarded (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5530">#5530</a>). This macro instead offers an opt-in path to the corrected behavior ahead of version 4.0.0, where it is planned to become the default.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Opt-in only</p> <p>This macro must be defined <strong>before</strong> including <code>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</code>. Defining it after the include has no effect.</p> <p>Enabling it also changes how an array of a text-literal element type (<code>char</code>, <code>wchar_t</code>, <code>char16_t</code>, <code>char32_t</code>, or, since C++20, <code>char8_t</code> - including a string literal, e.g. <code>json::parse("123")</code> or <code>json::parse(L"123")</code>) is read: such an array normally carries a trailing <code>'\0'</code> contributed by the compiler, not by the source text. With this macro enabled, that one trailing element is trimmed if present so that parsing a string literal keeps working, for any of these character types; every other element in the array - including any <code>'\0'</code> that is not the very last element - is read as real data and rejected like any other unexpected byte. Arrays of any other element type (<code>unsigned char</code>, <code>std::uint8_t</code>, ...), as used for <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> or MessagePack, are never affected by this trimming; their full extent - including a genuine trailing <code>0x00</code> - is always preserved, in both states of this macro.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>The value of this macro is encoded in the <a href=../../../features/namespace/ >namespace</a> (tag <code>_snul</code>), resulting in distinct symbol names. Translation units compiled with and without it can therefore be linked into the same program without One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, but they cannot exchange instances of library types.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Workaround without the macro</p> <p>To reject a NUL byte without enabling this macro, trim your input yourself before calling <code>parse()</code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>resize</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>find</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=p>));</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// drop everything from the first NUL onward, if any</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>s</span><span class=p>);</span>
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, a NUL byte silently ends parsing at that point:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, a NUL byte silently ends parsing at that point:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"123"</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\0'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"true"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// j is 123 -- the '\0' and everything after it is silently ignored</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Opt-in strict handling (macro defined to 1)</summary> <p>With the macro, a NUL byte is rejected like any other unexpected byte:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING 1</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: opt-in strict handling (macro defined to 1)</summary> <p>With the macro, a NUL byte is rejected like any other unexpected byte:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>ok</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"123"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// ok is 123 -- parsing from a string literal still works</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr>: NUL bytes in the input</a></li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><strong>parse</strong></a> - deserialize from a compatible input</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/accept/ ><strong>accept</strong></a> - check if the input is valid <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></li> <li><a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><strong>operator&gt;&gt;</strong></a> - deserialize from stream</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> <li>Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_strictnulhandling><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_StrictNulHandling</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> <li><a href=../../../home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input><abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr>: NUL bytes in the input</a></li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/parse/ ><strong>parse</strong></a> - deserialize from a compatible input</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/accept/ ><strong>accept</strong></a> - check if the input is valid <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></li> <li><a href=../../operator_gtgt/ ><strong>operator&gt;&gt;</strong></a> - deserialize from stream</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> <li>Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlLine truncated
+4 -3
View File
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ json::parse(s);
## Examples
Default behavior (macro not defined)
Example: default behavior (macro not defined)
Without the macro, a NUL byte silently ends parsing at that point:
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Opt-in strict handling (macro defined to 1)
Example: opt-in strict handling (macro defined to 1)
With the macro, a NUL byte is rejected like any other unexpected byte:
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ int main()
## See also
- [JSON_StrictNulHandling](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/#json_strictnulhandling) - CMake option to control the macro
- [FAQ: NUL bytes in the input](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/faq/#nul-bytes-in-the-input)
- [**parse**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/parse/index.md) - deserialize from a compatible input
- [**accept**](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/accept/index.md) - check if the input is valid JSON
@@ -102,5 +103,5 @@ int main()
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
- Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 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<span class=cp>#define JSON_CATCH_USER(exception) </span><span class=cm>/* value */</span>
<span class=c1>// (2)</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_THROW_USER(exception) </span><span class=cm>/* value */</span>
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
<span class=cp> std::abort();}</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/exceptions/#switch-off-exceptions>Switch off exceptions</a> for more information how to switch off exceptions</li> <li><a href=../json_noexception/ >JSON_NOEXCEPTION</a> - switch off exceptions</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.1.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../home/exceptions/#switch-off-exceptions>Switch off exceptions</a> for more information how to switch off exceptions</li> <li><a href=../json_noexception/ >JSON_NOEXCEPTION</a> - switch off exceptions</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.1.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 15, 2026 18:46:37 UTC">September 15, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+4 -2
View File
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library behaves as if it were defined to its
To prepare existing code, define `JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS` to `0` and bring the string literals into scope where
needed. Refer to any of the [string literals](#see-also) for details.
See the [migration guide](../../integration/migration_guide.md#import-namespace-literals-for-udls) for how to update existing code.
!!! hint "CMake option"
The placement of user-defined string literals can also be controlled with the CMake option
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library behaves as if it were defined to its
## Examples
??? example "Example 1: Default behavior"
??? example "Example: Default behavior"
The code below shows the default behavior using the `_json` UDL.
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library behaves as if it were defined to its
42
```
??? example "Example 2: Namespaced UDLs"
??? example "Example: Namespaced UDLs"
The code below shows how UDLs need to be brought into scope before using `_json` when `JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS` is
defined to `0`.
+4 -4
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_use_global_udls/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_strict_nul_handling/ rel=prev><link href=../json_use_implicit_conversions/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, the user-defined string literals (UDLs) are placed into the global namespace instead of <code>nlohmann::literals::json_literals</code>.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>1</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS 1</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library behaves as if it were defined to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Future behavior change</p> <p>The user-defined string literals will be removed from the global namespace in the next major release of the library.</p> <p>To prepare existing code, define <code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code> to <code>0</code> and bring the string literals into scope where needed. Refer to any of the <a href=#see-also>string literals</a> for details.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>The placement of user-defined string literals can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_globaludls><code>JSON_GlobalUDLs</code></a> (<code>ON</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Leaving out the literals</p> <p>If <a href=../json_no_automatic_udls/ ><code>JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS</code></a> is defined, the literals are only declared where <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code> is included; this macro then applies to that header.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example 1: Default behavior</summary> <p>The code below shows the default behavior using the <code>_json</code> UDL.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library behaves as if it were defined to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Future behavior change</p> <p>The user-defined string literals will be removed from the global namespace in the next major release of the library.</p> <p>To prepare existing code, define <code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code> to <code>0</code> and bring the string literals into scope where needed. Refer to any of the <a href=#see-also>string literals</a> for details.</p> <p>See the <a href=../../../integration/migration_guide/#import-namespace-literals-for-udls>migration guide</a> for how to update existing code.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>The placement of user-defined string literals can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_globaludls><code>JSON_GlobalUDLs</code></a> (<code>ON</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Leaving out the literals</p> <p>If <a href=../json_no_automatic_udls/ ><code>JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS</code></a> is defined, the literals are only declared where <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_literals.hpp&gt;</code> is included; this macro then applies to that header.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Default behavior</summary> <p>The code below shows the default behavior using the <code>_json</code> UDL.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=mi>42</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 2: Namespaced UDLs</summary> <p>The code below shows how UDLs need to be brought into scope before using <code>_json</code> when <code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code> is defined to <code>0</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS 0</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Namespaced UDLs</summary> <p>The code below shows how UDLs need to be brought into scope before using <code>_json</code> when <code>JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS</code> is defined to <code>0</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS 0</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=mi>42</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json/ ><code>operator""_json</code></a></li> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json_pointer/ ><code>operator""_json_pointer</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_no_automatic_udls/ ><code>JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS</code></a> - do not include the user-defined string literals automatically</li> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_globaludls><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_GlobalUDLs</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json/ ><code>operator""_json</code></a></li> <li><a href=../../operator_literal_json_pointer/ ><code>operator""_json_pointer</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_no_automatic_udls/ ><code>JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS</code></a> - do not include the user-defined string literals automatically</li> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_globaludls><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_GlobalUDLs</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+4 -2
View File
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ The user-defined string literals will be removed from the global namespace in th
To prepare existing code, define `JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS` to `0` and bring the string literals into scope where needed. Refer to any of the [string literals](#see-also) for details.
See the [migration guide](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/migration_guide/#import-namespace-literals-for-udls) for how to update existing code.
CMake option
The placement of user-defined string literals can also be controlled with the CMake option [`JSON_GlobalUDLs`](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/#json_globaludls) (`ON` by default) which defines `JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS` accordingly.
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ If [`JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_no_automa
## Examples
Example 1: Default behavior
Example: Default behavior
The code below shows the default behavior using the `_json` UDL.
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ Output:
42
```
Example 2: Namespaced UDLs
Example: Namespaced UDLs
The code below shows how UDLs need to be brought into scope before using `_json` when `JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS` is defined to `0`.
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ By default, implicit conversions are enabled.
You can prepare existing code by already defining `JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS` to `0` and replace any implicit
conversions with calls to [`get`](../basic_json/get.md).
See the [migration guide](../../integration/migration_guide.md#replace-implicit-conversions) for how to update existing code.
!!! tip "Automatic migration"
The community-maintained clang-tidy check `modernize-nlohmann-json-explicit-conversions` rewrites implicit
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_use_implicit_conversions/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_use_global_udls/ rel=prev><link href=../json_use_legacy_discarded_value_comparison/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>0</code>, implicit conversions are switched off. By default, implicit conversions are switched on. The value directly affects <a href=../../basic_json/operator_ValueType/ ><code>operator ValueType</code></a>.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, implicit conversions are enabled.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS 1</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Future behavior change</p> <p>Implicit conversions will be switched off by default in the next major release of the library.</p> <p>You can prepare existing code by already defining <code>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS</code> to <code>0</code> and replace any implicit conversions with calls to <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get</code></a>.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Automatic migration</p> <p>The community-maintained clang-tidy check <code>modernize-nlohmann-json-explicit-conversions</code> rewrites implicit conversions into explicit calls to <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get</code></a>; for example, <code class=highlight><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span></code> becomes <code class=highlight><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span></code>. The check is not part of clang-tidy itself, and it does not catch every case (for example, constructing a <code>std::optional</code> from a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value), so review the result. See <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/4610">discussion #4610</a> for how to build and use it.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Implicit conversions can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_implicitconversions><code>JSON_ImplicitConversions</code></a> (<code>ON</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>This is an example for an implicit conversion:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"Hello, world!"</span><span class=p>;</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Future behavior change</p> <p>Implicit conversions will be switched off by default in the next major release of the library.</p> <p>You can prepare existing code by already defining <code>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS</code> to <code>0</code> and replace any implicit conversions with calls to <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get</code></a>.</p> <p>See the <a href=../../../integration/migration_guide/#replace-implicit-conversions>migration guide</a> for how to update existing code.</p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Automatic migration</p> <p>The community-maintained clang-tidy check <code>modernize-nlohmann-json-explicit-conversions</code> rewrites implicit conversions into explicit calls to <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get</code></a>; for example, <code class=highlight><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span></code> becomes <code class=highlight><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span></code>. The check is not part of clang-tidy itself, and it does not catch every case (for example, constructing a <code>std::optional</code> from a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value), so review the result. See <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/4610">discussion #4610</a> for how to build and use it.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Implicit conversions can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_implicitconversions><code>JSON_ImplicitConversions</code></a> (<code>ON</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>This is an example for an implicit conversion:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"Hello, world!"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When <code>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS</code> is defined to <code>0</code>, the code above does no longer compile. Instead, it must be written like this:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"Hello, world!"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>s</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/operator_ValueType/ ><strong>operator ValueType</strong></a> - get a value (implicit)</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><strong>get</strong></a> - get a value (explicit)</li> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_implicitconversions><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_ImplicitConversions</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/operator_ValueType/ ><strong>operator ValueType</strong></a> - get a value (implicit)</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><strong>get</strong></a> - get a value (explicit)</li> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_implicitconversions><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_ImplicitConversions</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ Implicit conversions will be switched off by default in the next major release o
You can prepare existing code by already defining `JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS` to `0` and replace any implicit conversions with calls to [`get`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/get/index.md).
See the [migration guide](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/migration_guide/#replace-implicit-conversions) for how to update existing code.
Automatic migration
The community-maintained clang-tidy check `modernize-nlohmann-json-explicit-conversions` rewrites implicit conversions into explicit calls to [`get`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/get/index.md); for example, `int i = j;` becomes `int i = j.get<int>();`. The check is not part of clang-tidy itself, and it does not catch every case (for example, constructing a `std::optional` from a JSON value), so review the result. See [discussion #4610](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/4610) for how to build and use it.
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
New code should not depend on it and existing code should try to remove or rewrite expressions relying on it.
See the [migration guide](../../integration/migration_guide.md#miscellaneous-functions) for how to update existing code.
!!! hint "CMake option"
Legacy comparison can also be controlled with the CMake option
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5Line truncated
</code></pre></div> <p>This macro enables the (incorrect) legacy comparison behavior of discarded <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> values. Possible values are <code>1</code> to enable or <code>0</code> to disable (default).</p> <p>When enabled, comparisons involving at least one discarded <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value yield results as follows:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th><strong>Operator</strong></th> <th><strong>Result</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>==</code></td> <td><code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>!=</code></td> <td><code class=highlight><span class=nb>true</span></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>&lt;</code></td> <td><code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>&lt;=</code></td> <td><code class=highlight><span class=nb>true</span></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>&gt;=</code></td> <td><code class=highlight><span class=nb>true</span></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>&gt;</code></td> <td><code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Otherwise, comparisons involving at least one discarded <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value always yield <code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code>.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Inconsistent behavior in C++20 and beyond</p> <p>When targeting C++20 or above, enabling the legacy comparison behavior is <em>strongly</em> discouraged.</p> <ul> <li>The 3-way comparison operator (<code>&lt;=&gt;</code>) will always give the correct result (<code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>partial_ordering</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>unordered</span></code>) regardless of the value of <code>JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON</code>.</li> <li>Overloads for the equality and relational operators emulate the legacy behavior.</li> </ul> <p>Code outside your control may use either 3-way comparison or the equality and relational operators, resulting in inconsistent and unpredictable behavior.</p> <p>See <a href=../../basic_json/operator_spaceship/ ><code>operator&lt;=&gt;</code></a> for more information on 3-way comparison.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Deprecation</p> <p>The legacy comparison behavior is deprecated and may be removed in a future major version release.</p> <p>New code should not depend on it and existing code should try to remove or rewrite expressions relying on it.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Legacy comparison can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_legacydiscardedvaluecomparison><code>JSON_LegacyDiscardedValueComparison</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below switches on the legacy discarded value comparison behavior in the library.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON 1</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Inconsistent behavior in C++20 and beyond</p> <p>When targeting C++20 or above, enabling the legacy comparison behavior is <em>strongly</em> discouraged.</p> <ul> <li>The 3-way comparison operator (<code>&lt;=&gt;</code>) will always give the correct result (<code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>partial_ordering</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>unordered</span></code>) regardless of the value of <code>JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON</code>.</li> <li>Overloads for the equality and relational operators emulate the legacy behavior.</li> </ul> <p>Code outside your control may use either 3-way comparison or the equality and relational operators, resulting in inconsistent and unpredictable behavior.</p> <p>See <a href=../../basic_json/operator_spaceship/ ><code>operator&lt;=&gt;</code></a> for more information on 3-way comparison.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Deprecation</p> <p>The legacy comparison behavior is deprecated and may be removed in a future major version release.</p> <p>New code should not depend on it and existing code should try to remove or rewrite expressions relying on it.</p> <p>See the <a href=../../../integration/migration_guide/#miscellaneous-functions>migration guide</a> for how to update existing code.</p> </div> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>CMake option</p> <p>Legacy comparison can also be controlled with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_legacydiscardedvaluecomparison><code>JSON_LegacyDiscardedValueComparison</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default) which defines <code>JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON</code> accordingly.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below switches on the legacy discarded value comparison behavior in the library.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_legacydiscardedvaluecomparison><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_LegacyDiscardedValueComparison</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_legacydiscardedvaluecomparison><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_LegacyDiscardedValueComparison</a> - CMake option to control the macro</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.coLine truncated
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ The legacy comparison behavior is deprecated and may be removed in a future majo
New code should not depend on it and existing code should try to remove or rewrite expressions relying on it.
See the [migration guide](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/migration_guide/#miscellaneous-functions) for how to update existing code.
CMake option
Legacy comparison can also be controlled with the CMake option [`JSON_LegacyDiscardedValueComparison`](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/#json_legacydiscardedvaluecomparison) (`OFF` by default) which defines `JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON` accordingly.
+9 -3
View File
@@ -62,9 +62,15 @@ By default, `#!cpp JSON_USE_SIMDUTF` is not defined and the portable C++11 scala
!!! hint "Testing this configuration"
The unit tests can be built against the simdutf backend with the CMake option `JSON_TestSimdutf` (`OFF` by
default), which fetches simdutf and defines `JSON_USE_SIMDUTF` for every test target. The `ci_test_simdutf` target
runs the whole test suite in that configuration.
The unit tests can be built against the simdutf backend with the CMake option
[`JSON_TestSimdutf`](../../integration/cmake.md#json_testsimdutf) (`OFF` by default), which fetches simdutf and
defines `JSON_USE_SIMDUTF` for every test target. The `ci_test_simdutf` target runs the whole test suite in that
configuration.
## See also
- [:simple-cmake: JSON_TestSimdutf](../../integration/cmake.md#json_testsimdutf) - CMake option to build the unit
tests against the simdutf backend
## Version history
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_SIMDUTF </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio 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6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5Line truncated
</code></pre></div> <p>When defined, the parser validates the <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 content of <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> strings that come from a <strong>contiguous byte input</strong> (<code>std::string</code>, <code>std::vector&lt;char&gt;</code>/<code>&lt;std::uint8_t&gt;</code>, string literals, <code>const char*</code> ranges, …) using the <a href="https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf">simdutf</a> library instead of the built-in scalar validator. On text with many non-<abbr title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">ASCII</abbr> characters (e.g. CJK or emoji) this can validate several times faster.</p> <p>This is an <strong>opt-in external dependency</strong>. The library itself remains header-only and its behavior is unchanged: the same input is accepted or rejected either way, and every parse error is reported at the same position with the same message (simdutf is only used to fast-path <em>valid</em> runs; anything it flags falls back to the scalar path so the exact diagnostic is preserved). Streaming inputs (files, <code>std::istream</code>, wide strings, user-defined adapters) always use the scalar path.</p> <p>When <code>JSON_USE_SIMDUTF</code> is defined you must make the <code>simdutf.h</code> header available on the include path and link the simdutf library. When it is not defined, no simdutf header is included and there is no dependency.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Requires C++17</p> <p>simdutf requires C++17 and its header rejects older standards with an <code class=highlight><span class=cp>#error</span></code>. The backend is therefore only compiled in from C++17 on. In C++11 and C++14 the macro has no effect and the scalar validator is used, which accepts and rejects exactly the same input -- only throughput differs. Setting the macro project-wide is therefore safe even when some translation units are built with an older standard.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Define consistently</p> <p>The macro selects between two definitions of the same inline validation function. It must therefore be defined identically for <strong>every</strong> translation unit that includes the library; mixing translation units that define it with ones that do not is an ODR violation. Prefer setting it as a compile definition on the target rather than with <code class=highlight><span class=cp>#define</span></code> in individual source files.</p> </div> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, <code class=highlight><span class=n>JSON_USE_SIMDUTF</span></code> is not defined and the portable C++11 scalar validator is used.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#undef JSON_USE_SIMDUTF</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The code below enables the simdutf backend for <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 validation.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_USE_SIMDUTF 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
<span class=p>...</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The project must also link against simdutf, e.g. with CMake:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=nb>target_compile_definitions</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>your_target</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>PRIVATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>JSON_USE_SIMDUTF</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=nb>target_link_libraries</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>your_target</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>PRIVATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>simdutf::simdutf</span><span class=p>)</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>Testing this configuration</p> <p>The unit tests can be built against the simdutf backend with the CMake option <code>JSON_TestSimdutf</code> (<code>OFF</code> by default), which fetches simdutf and defines <code>JSON_USE_SIMDUTF</code> for every test target. The <code>ci_test_simdutf</code> target runs the whole test suite in that configuration.</p> </div> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__link"Line truncated
</code></pre></div> </details> <div class="admonition hint"> <p class=admonition-title>Testing this configuration</p> <p>The unit tests can be built against the simdutf backend with the CMake option <a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_testsimdutf><code>JSON_TestSimdutf</code></a> (<code>OFF</code> by default), which fetches simdutf and defines <code>JSON_USE_SIMDUTF</code> for every test target. The <code>ci_test_simdutf</code> target runs the whole test suite in that configuration.</p> </div> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../integration/cmake/#json_testsimdutf><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11.769.066.067 23.206l12.76-10.843zm11.438 23.868L7.471 17.587 0 23.934zm.793-.198L12.298.463l1.719 19.24zM12.893 12.959l-5.025 4.298 5.62 2.248z"/></svg></span> JSON_TestSimdutf</a> - CMake option to build the unit tests against the simdutf backend</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesLine truncated
+6 -2
View File
@@ -48,8 +48,12 @@ target_link_libraries(your_target PRIVATE simdutf::simdutf)
Testing this configuration
The unit tests can be built against the simdutf backend with the CMake option `JSON_TestSimdutf` (`OFF` by default), which fetches simdutf and defines `JSON_USE_SIMDUTF` for every test target. The `ci_test_simdutf` target runs the whole test suite in that configuration.
The unit tests can be built against the simdutf backend with the CMake option [`JSON_TestSimdutf`](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/#json_testsimdutf) (`OFF` by default), which fetches simdutf and defines `JSON_USE_SIMDUTF` for every test target. The `ci_test_simdutf` target runs the whole test suite in that configuration.
## See also
- [JSON_TestSimdutf](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/#json_testsimdutf) - CMake option to build the unit tests against the simdutf backend
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
+1 -1
View File
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const B& b) {
## Examples
??? example "NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE"
??? example "Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE"
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(type, base_type, member...)</span>
<span class=c1>// (2)</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT(type, base_type, member...)</span>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>derived</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>base</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=p>};</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The <code>WITH_NAMES</code> variants do not support this.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <p>See Implementation limits for <a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</a> and <a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</a>, respectively.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The <code>WITH_NAMES</code> variants do not support this.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <p>See Implementation limits for <a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</a> and <a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</a>, respectively.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iomanip&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -90,4 +90,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"Ba"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>23</span><span class=p>,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"Bb"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>42</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Notes:</p> <ul> <li><code>A</code> and <code>B</code> are default-constructible. This is a requirement for using the macro.</li> <li><code>A</code> has private members and is not a derived class. Hence, macro <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> is used.</li> <li>As <code>B</code> is a derived class, <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> is not applicable, but <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> must be used.</li> <li>The macro <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> is used <em>inside</em> the class use as <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code>.</li> </ul> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros that can be defined <em>inside</em> a non-derived type.</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros that can be defined <em>outside</em> a non-derived type.</li> <li><a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> for an overview.</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ol> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> </ol> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6Line truncated
</code></pre></div> <p>Notes:</p> <ul> <li><code>A</code> and <code>B</code> are default-constructible. This is a requirement for using the macro.</li> <li><code>A</code> has private members and is not a derived class. Hence, macro <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> is used.</li> <li>As <code>B</code> is a derived class, <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> is not applicable, but <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> must be used.</li> <li>The macro <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code> is used <em>inside</em> the class use as <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code>.</li> </ul> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros that can be defined <em>inside</em> a non-derived type.</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT / NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros that can be defined <em>outside</em> a non-derived type.</li> <li><a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> for an overview.</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ol> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.12.0.</li> </ol> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6Line truncated
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ See Implementation limits for [NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE](https://json.nloh
## Examples
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE
Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE
Consider the following complete example:
+3 -3
View File
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ See the examples below for the concrete generated code.
## Examples
??? example "Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE"
??? example "Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE"
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ See the examples below for the concrete generated code.
--8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_explicit.cpp"
```
??? example "Example (2): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT"
??? example "Example: (2) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT"
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ See the examples below for the concrete generated code.
Note how a default-initialized `person` object is used in the `from_json` to fill missing values.
??? example "Example (3): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE"
??? example "Example: (3) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE"
Consider the following complete example:
```cpp hl_lines="22"
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_derived_type/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link 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NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_derived_type/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link 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NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> 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<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT(type, member...) </span><span class=c1>// (2)</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE(type, member...) </span><span class=c1>// (3)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>These macros can be used to simplify the serialization/deserialization of types if you want to use a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object as serialization and want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object. The macro is to be defined <strong>inside</strong> the class/struct to create code for. Unlike <a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</code></a>, it can access private members. The first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members.</p> <ol> <li>Will use <a href=../../basic_json/at/ ><code>at</code></a> during deserialization and will throw <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionout_of_range403><code>out_of_range.403</code></a> if a key is missing in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object.</li> <li>Will use <a href=../../basic_json/value/ ><code>value</code></a> during deserialization and fall back to the default value for the respective type of the member variable if a key in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object is missing. The generated <code>from_json()</code> function default constructs an object and uses its values as the defaults when calling the <code>value</code> function.</li> <li>Only defines the serialization. Useful in cases when the type does not have a default constructor and only serialization is required.</li> </ol> <p>Summary:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Need access to private members</th> <th>Need only serialization</th> <th>Allow missing values when de-serializing</th> <th>macro</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><div style="color: green;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m16.28-2.72a.75.75 0 0 0-.018-1.042.75.75 0 0 0-1.042-.018l-5.97 5.97-2.47-2.47a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042l3 3a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><strong>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="color: green;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m16.28-2.72a.75.75 0 0 0-.018-1.042.75.75 0 0 0-1.042-.018l-5.97 5.97-2.47-2.47a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042l3 3a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: green;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m16.28-2.72a.75.75 0 0 0-.018-1.042.75.75 0 0 0-1.042-.018l-5.97 5.97-2.47-2.47a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042l3 3a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><strong>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="color: green;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m16.28-2.72a.75.75 0 0 0-.018-1.042.75.75 0 0 0-1.042-.018l-5.97 5.97-2.47-2.47a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042l3 3a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: green;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m16.28-2.72a.75.75 0 0 0-.018-1.042.75.75 0 0 0-1.042-.018l-5.97 5.97-2.47-2.47a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-Line truncated
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>marker</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=p>};</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The <code>WITH_NAMES</code> variants do not support this.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <ul> <li>The current implementation is limited to at most 63 member variables. If you want to serialize/deserialize types with more than 63 member variables, you need to define the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions manually.</li> <li>These macros always produce object-style (named-key) <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, one key per member. There is no macro variant that serializes a struct's members positionally into a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> array; for that, write <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> by hand, building/reading a <code>json::array()</code> of the members in order.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The <code>WITH_NAMES</code> variants do not support this.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <ul> <li>The current implementation is limited to at most 63 member variables. If you want to serialize/deserialize types with more than 63 member variables, you need to define the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions manually.</li> <li>These macros always produce object-style (named-key) <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, one key per member. There is no macro variant that serializes a struct's members positionally into a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> array; for that, write <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> by hand, building/reading a <code>json::array()</code> of the members in order.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"deserialization failed: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example (2): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: (2) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p3</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j3</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"roundtrip: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p3</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Note how a default-initialized <code>person</code> object is used in the <code>from_json</code> to fill missing values.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example (3): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Note how a default-initialized <code>person</code> object is used in the <code>from_json</code> to fill missing values.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: (3) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -295,4 +295,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"serialization: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for a similar macro that can be defined <em>outside</em> the type.</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_derived_type/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros for derived types</li> <li><a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> for an overview.</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ol> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.3.</li> </ol> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for a similar macro that can be defined <em>outside</em> the type.</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_derived_type/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros for derived types</li> <li><a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> for an overview.</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ol> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.3.</li> </ol> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Implementation limits
## Examples
Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE
Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Example (2): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT
Example: (2) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ int main()
Note how a default-initialized `person` object is used in the `from_json` to fill missing values.
Example (3): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE
Example: (3) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ See the examples below for the concrete generated code.
## Examples
??? example "Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE"
??? example "Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE"
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ See the examples below for the concrete generated code.
--8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_explicit.cpp"
```
??? example "Example (2): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT"
??? example "Example: (2) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT"
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ See the examples below for the concrete generated code.
Note how a default-initialized `person` object is used in the `from_json` to fill missing values.
??? example "Example (3): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE"
??? example "Example: (3) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE"
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains 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data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains 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<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT(type, member...) </span><span class=c1>// (2)</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE(type, member...) </span><span class=c1>// (3)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>These macros can be used to simplify the serialization/deserialization of types if you want to use a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object as serialization and want to use the member variable names as object keys in that object. The macro is to be defined <strong>outside</strong> the class/struct to create code for, but <strong>inside</strong> its namespace. Unlike <a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ ><code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE</code></a>, it <strong>cannot</strong> access private members. The first parameter is the name of the class/struct, and all remaining parameters name the members.</p> <ol> <li>Will use <a href=../../basic_json/at/ ><code>at</code></a> during deserialization and will throw <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionout_of_range403><code>out_of_range.403</code></a> if a key is missing in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object.</li> <li>Will use <a href=../../basic_json/value/ ><code>value</code></a> during deserialization and fall back to the default value for the respective type of the member variable if a key in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object is missing. The generated <code>from_json()</code> function default constructs an object and uses its values as the defaults when calling the <code>value</code> function.</li> <li>Only defines the serialization. Useful in cases when the type does not have a default constructor and only serialization is required.</li> </ol> <p>Summary:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Need access to private members</th> <th>Need only serialization</th> <th>Allow missing values when de-serializing</th> <th>macro</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><strong>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.326-1.275.75.75 0 0 0-.734.215L12 10.939Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: green;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m16.28-2.72a.75.75 0 0 0-.018-1.042.75.75 0 0 0-1.042-.018l-5.97 5.97-2.47-2.47a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042l3 3a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><strong>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m8.036-4.024a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042L10.939 12l-2.963 2.963a.749.749 0 0 0 .326 1.275.75.75 0 0 0 .734-.215L12 13.06l2.963 2.964a.75.75 0 0 0 1.061-1.06L13.061 12l2.963-2.964a.749.749 0 0 0-.32Line truncated
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>type</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// except (3)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>See the examples below for the concrete generated code.</p> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Prerequisites</p> <ol> <li>The type <code>type</code> must be default constructible (except (3). See <a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/#how-can-i-use-get-for-non-default-constructiblenon-copyable-types>How can I use <code>get()</code> for non-default constructible/non-copyable types?</a> for how to overcome this limitation.</li> <li>The macro must be used outside the type (class/struct).</li> <li>The passed members must be public.</li> </ol> </div> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Types without members</p> <p>The member list may be empty. The macro then generates a <code>to_json</code> that produces an empty <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object <code class=highlight><span class=p>{}</span></code>, and a <code>from_json</code> that reads no members:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>struct</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>marker</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{};</span>
<span class=n>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>marker</span><span class=p>)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The <code>WITH_NAMES</code> variants do not support this.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <ul> <li>The current implementation is limited to at most 63 member variables. If you want to serialize/deserialize types with more than 63 member variables, you need to define the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions manually.</li> <li>These macros always produce object-style (named-key) <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, one key per member. There is no macro variant that serializes a struct's members positionally into a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> array; for that, write <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> by hand, building/reading a <code>json::array()</code> of the members in order.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>The <code>WITH_NAMES</code> variants do not support this.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Implementation limits</p> <ul> <li>The current implementation is limited to at most 63 member variables. If you want to serialize/deserialize types with more than 63 member variables, you need to define the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions manually.</li> <li>These macros always produce object-style (named-key) <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, one key per member. There is no macro variant that serializes a struct's members positionally into a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> array; for that, write <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> by hand, building/reading a <code>json::array()</code> of the members in order.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"deserialization failed: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example (2): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: (2) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p3</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j3</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"roundtrip: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p3</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Note how a default-initialized <code>person</code> object is used in the <code>from_json</code> to fill missing values.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example (3): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Note how a default-initialized <code>person</code> object is used in the <code>from_json</code> to fill missing values.</p> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: (3) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -261,4 +261,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"serialization: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for a similar macro that can be defined <em>inside</em> the type.</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_derived_type/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros for derived types</li> <li><a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> for an overview.</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ol> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.3.</li> </ol> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for a similar macro that can be defined <em>inside</em> the type.</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_derived_type/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> for similar macros for derived types</li> <li><a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> for an overview.</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ol> <li>Added in version 3.9.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.0.</li> <li>Added in version 3.11.3.</li> </ol> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Implementation limits
## Examples
Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE
Example: (1) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ int main()
}
```
Example (2): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT
Example: (2) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ int main()
Note how a default-initialized `person` object is used in the `from_json` to fill missing values.
Example (3): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE
Example: (3) NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE
Consider the following complete example:
+17 -2
View File
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ For further information please refer to the corresponding macros without `WITH_N
## Examples
??? example "Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES"
??? example "Example: NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES"
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -73,6 +73,21 @@ For further information please refer to the corresponding macros without `WITH_N
--8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_with_names_explicit.cpp"
```
## See also
- [NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT,
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE](nlohmann_define_type_intrusive.md) - the macros these variants add
custom JSON key names to
- [NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT,
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE](nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive.md) - the macros these
variants add custom JSON key names to
- [NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT,
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE,
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT,
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE](nlohmann_define_derived_type.md) - similar macros for
derived types, also available with custom names
- [Arbitrary Type Conversions](../../features/arbitrary_types.md) - overview of type conversion mechanisms
## Version history
1. Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_with_names/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_json_namespace/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES - 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_with_names/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_json_namespace/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#parameters class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> <label class="md-header__buLine truncated
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES(type, "json_member_name", member...)</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES(type, "json_member_name", member...)</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES(type, "json_member_name", member...)</span>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES(type, base_type, "json_member_name", member...)</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES(type, base_type, "json_member_name", member...)</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES(type, base_type, "json_member_name", member...)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>These macros can be used in case you want to use the custom names for the member variables in the resulting <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. They behave exactly as their non-<code>WITH_NAMES</code> counterparts, but require an additional parameter for each member variable which will be used in <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. Both serialization and deserialization will only use the custom names for <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, the names of the member variables themselves will be ignored.</p> <p>Using the named conversion macros will halve the maximum number of member variables from 63 to 31.</p> <p>For further information please refer to the corresponding macros without <code>WITH_NAMES</code>.</p> <h2 id=parameters>Parameters<a class=headerlink href=#parameters title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>type</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the type (class, struct) to serialize/deserialize</dd> <dt><code>base_type</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the base type (class, struct) <code>type</code> is derived from (used only in <code>DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE</code> macros)</dd> <dt><code>json_member_name</code> (in)</dt> <dd>the string that will be used as the name for the next value</dd> <dt><code>member</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the member variable to serialize/deserialize</dd> </dl> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>These macros can be used in case you want to use the custom names for the member variables in the resulting <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. They behave exactly as their non-<code>WITH_NAMES</code> counterparts, but require an additional parameter for each member variable which will be used in <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. Both serialization and deserialization will only use the custom names for <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, the names of the member variables themselves will be ignored.</p> <p>Using the named conversion macros will halve the maximum number of member variables from 63 to 31.</p> <p>For further information please refer to the corresponding macros without <code>WITH_NAMES</code>.</p> <h2 id=parameters>Parameters<a class=headerlink href=#parameters title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>type</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the type (class, struct) to serialize/deserialize</dd> <dt><code>base_type</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the base type (class, struct) <code>type</code> is derived from (used only in <code>DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE</code> macros)</dd> <dt><code>json_member_name</code> (in)</dt> <dd>the string that will be used as the name for the next value</dd> <dt><code>member</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the member variable to serialize/deserialize</dd> </dl> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES</summary> <p>Consider the following complete example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -108,4 +108,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"deserialization failed: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ol> <li>Added in version 3.13.0.</li> </ol> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> - the macros these variants add custom <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> key names to</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> - the macros these variants add custom <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> key names to</li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_define_derived_type/ >NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE</a> - similar macros for derived types, also available with custom names</li> <li><a href=../../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a> - overview of type conversion mechanisms</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ For further information please refer to the corresponding macros without `WITH_N
## Examples
Example (1): NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES
Example: NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES
Consider the following complete example:
@@ -155,6 +155,13 @@ int main()
}
```
## See also
- [NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/index.md) - the macros these variants add custom JSON key names to
- [NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/index.md) - the macros these variants add custom JSON key names to
- [NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_derived_type/index.md) - similar macros for derived types, also available with custom names
- [Arbitrary Type Conversions](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/arbitrary_types/index.md) - overview of type conversion mechanisms
## Version history
1. Added in version 3.13.0.
- Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo 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</code></pre></div> <p>This macro evaluates to the full name of the <code>nlohmann</code> namespace.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value consists of the root namespace (<code>nlohmann</code>) and an inline ABI namespace. See <a href=../../../features/namespace/#structure><code>nlohmann</code> Namespace</a> for details.</p> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value. Overriding this value has no effect on the library.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The example shows how to use <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</code> instead of just <code>nlohmann</code>, as well as how to output the value of <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>QUOTE</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=kc>nl</span><span class=err>ohma</span><span class=kc>nn</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>jso</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>_abi_v</span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=err>_</span><span class=mi>12</span><span class=err>_</span><span class=mi>0</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END</code></a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0. Changed inline namespace name in version 3.11.2.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://wLine truncated
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END</code></a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0. Changed inline namespace name in version 3.11.2.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="August 10, 2022 18:24:16 UTC">August 10, 2022</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://wLine truncated
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_json_namespace/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END </span><span class=cm>/* value */</span><span class=cp> </span><span class=c1>// (2)</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>These macros can be used to open and close the <code>nlohmann</code> namespace. See <a href=../../../features/namespace/#structure><code>nlohmann</code> Namespace</a> for details.</p> <ol> <li>Opens the namespace.</li> <li>Closes the namespace.</li> </ol> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default definitions open and close the <code>nlohmann</code> namespace. The precise definition of [<code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN</code>] varies as described <a href=../../../features/namespace/#structure>here</a>.</p> <ol> <li> <p>Default definition of <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN</code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>nlohmann</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=p>[</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=kc>null</span><span class=p>]</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/namespace/ ><code>nlohmann</code> Namespace</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace/ >NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0. Changed inline namespace name in version 3.11.2.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-sociaLine truncated
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/namespace/ ><code>nlohmann</code> Namespace</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace/ >NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.0. Changed inline namespace name in version 3.11.2.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="June 29, 2026 20:15:18 UTC">June 29, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__lLine truncated
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data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for=__palette_0 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 12s-1.44-4.5-3.5-5.45C10.26 6.2 11.11 6 12 6a6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 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</code></pre></div> <p>If defined to <code>1</code>, the version component is omitted from the inline namespace. See <a href=../../../features/namespace/#structure><code>nlohmann</code> Namespace</a> for details.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION 0</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The example shows how to use <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION</code> to disable the version component of the inline namespace.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>QUOTE</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=kc>nl</span><span class=err>ohma</span><span class=kc>nn</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>jso</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>_abi</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/namespace/ ><code>nlohmann</code> Namespace</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</code></a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.2.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/namespace/ ><code>nlohmann</code> Namespace</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE</code></a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.11.2.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="August 10, 2022 18:24:16 UTC">August 10, 2022</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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+2 -2
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@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, type& e);
## Examples
??? example "Example 1: Basic usage"
??? example "Example: Basic usage"
The example shows how `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM` can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and
C++11 enum classes:
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, type& e);
--8<-- "examples/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum.output"
```
??? example "Example 2: Multiple conversions for one enumerator"
??? example "Example: Multiple conversions for one enumerator"
The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, `Color::red` will always
be *serialized* to `"red"`, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>By default, enum values are serialized to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> as integers. In some cases, this could result in undesired behavior. If an enum is modified or re-ordered after data has been serialized to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, the later deserialized <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> data may be undefined or a different enum value than was originally intended.</p> <p>The <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code> allows to define a user-defined serialization for every enumerator.</p> <h2 id=parameters>Parameters<a class=headerlink href=#parameters title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>type</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the enum to serialize/deserialize</dd> <dt><code>conversion</code> (in)</dt> <dd>a pair of an enumerator and a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> serialization; arbitrary pairs can be given as a comma-separated list</dd> </dl> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The macro adds two functions to the namespace which take care of the serialization and deserialization:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>template</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&gt;</span>
<span class=kr>inline</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>to_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>type</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=k>template</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&gt;</span>
<span class=kr>inline</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>type</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>);</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Prerequisites</p> <p>The macro must be used inside the namespace of the enum.</p> </div> <div class="admonition important"> <p class=admonition-title>Important notes</p> <ul> <li>When using <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get&lt;ENUM_TYPE&gt;()</code></a>, undefined <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> values will default to the first specified conversion. Select this default pair carefully. See example 1 below.</li> <li>If an enum or <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value is specified in multiple conversions, the first matching conversion from the top of the list will be returned when converting to or from <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. See example 2 below.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example 1: Basic usage</summary> <p>The example shows how <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code> can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and C++11 enum classes:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Prerequisites</p> <p>The macro must be used inside the namespace of the enum.</p> </div> <div class="admonition important"> <p class=admonition-title>Important notes</p> <ul> <li>When using <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get&lt;ENUM_TYPE&gt;()</code></a>, undefined <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> values will default to the first specified conversion. Select this default pair carefully. See example 1 below.</li> <li>If an enum or <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value is specified in multiple conversions, the first matching conversion from the top of the list will be returned when converting to or from <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. See example 2 below.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Basic usage</summary> <p>The example shows how <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code> can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and C++11 enum classes:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=kc>ns</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"stopped"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>ns</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>Color</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>red</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"red"</span>
<span class=s2>"running"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"blue"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span>
<span class=mf>3.14</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mf>3.14</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>3</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 2: Multiple conversions for one enumerator</summary> <p>The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, <code>Color::red</code> will always be <em>serialized</em> to <code>"red"</code>, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an alternative <em>deserialization</em> from <code>"rot"</code> to <code>Color::red</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Multiple conversions for one enumerator</summary> <p>The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, <code>Color::red</code> will always be <em>serialized</em> to <code>"red"</code>, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an alternative <em>deserialization</em> from <code>"rot"</code> to <code>Color::red</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -101,4 +101,4 @@
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=mi>0</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"red"</span>
<span class=s2>"rot"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
<span class=s2>"red"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/enum_conversion/ >Specializing enum conversion</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_disable_enum_serialization/ ><code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 3.4.0.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/enum_conversion/ >Specializing enum conversion</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_disable_enum_serialization/ ><code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 3.4.0.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Important notes
## Examples
Example 1: Basic usage
Example: Basic usage
The example shows how `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM` can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and C++11 enum classes:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ ns::TS_STOPPED -> "stopped", ns::Color::red -> "red"
3.14 -> -1, 3.14 -> 3
```
Example 2: Multiple conversions for one enumerator
Example: Multiple conversions for one enumerator
The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, `Color::red` will always be *serialized* to `"red"`, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an alternative *deserialization* from `"rot"` to `Color::red`.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, type& e);
## Examples
??? example "Example 1: Basic usage"
??? example "Example: Basic usage"
The example shows how `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT` can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and
C++11 enum classes:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, type& e);
--8<-- "examples/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict.output"
```
??? example "Example 2: Multiple conversions for one enumerator"
??? example "Example: Multiple conversions for one enumerator"
The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, `Color::red` will always
be *serialized* to `"red"`, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, type& e);
--8<-- "examples/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict_2.output"
```
??? example "Example 3: exceptions on invalid serialization"
??? example "Example: exceptions on invalid serialization"
The example shows how an invalid serialization causes an exception to be thrown. In the example,
Color::unknown is not defined in the mapping used to call `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT`
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ rel=prev><link href=../nlohmann_json_version_major/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>By default, enum values are serialized to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> as integers. In some cases, this could result in undesired behavior. If an enum is modified or re-ordered after data has been serialized to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, the later deserialized <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> data may be undefined or a different enum value than was originally intended.</p> <p><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code> allows to define a user-defined serialization for every enumerator that throws an exception on undefined input.</p> <h2 id=parameters>Parameters<a class=headerlink href=#parameters title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>type</code> (in)</dt> <dd>name of the enum to serialize/deserialize</dd> <dt><code>conversion</code> (in)</dt> <dd>a pair of an enumerator and a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> serialization; arbitrary pairs can be given as a comma-separated list</dd> </dl> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The macro adds two functions to the namespace which take care of the serialization and deserialization:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>template</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&gt;</span>
<span class=kr>inline</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>to_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>type</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=k>template</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&gt;</span>
<span class=kr>inline</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>type</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>);</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Prerequisites</p> <p>The macro must be used inside the namespace of the enum.</p> </div> <div class="admonition important"> <p class=admonition-title>Important notes</p> <ul> <li>Undefined input throws <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionout_of_range410><code>out_of_range.410</code></a> in both directions: when serializing an enum value not listed in the conversions, and when deserializing (e.g., via <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get&lt;ENUM_TYPE&gt;()</code></a>) a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value that matches no conversion; example: <code>"enum value out of range for &lt;type&gt;"</code>.</li> <li>If an enum or <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value is specified in multiple conversions, the first matching conversion from the top of the list will be returned when converting to or from <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. See example 2 below.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example 1: Basic usage</summary> <p>The example shows how <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code> can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and C++11 enum classes:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Prerequisites</p> <p>The macro must be used inside the namespace of the enum.</p> </div> <div class="admonition important"> <p class=admonition-title>Important notes</p> <ul> <li>Undefined input throws <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionout_of_range410><code>out_of_range.410</code></a> in both directions: when serializing an enum value not listed in the conversions, and when deserializing (e.g., via <a href=../../basic_json/get/ ><code>get&lt;ENUM_TYPE&gt;()</code></a>) a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value that matches no conversion; example: <code>"enum value out of range for &lt;type&gt;"</code>.</li> <li>If an enum or <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value is specified in multiple conversions, the first matching conversion from the top of the list will be returned when converting to or from <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. See example 2 below.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Basic usage</summary> <p>The example shows how <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code> can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and C++11 enum classes:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=kc>ns</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>TS_STOPPED</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"stopped"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>ns</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>Color</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=err>red</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"red"</span>
<span class=s2>"running"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"blue"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 2: Multiple conversions for one enumerator</summary> <p>The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, <code>Color::red</code> will always be <em>serialized</em> to <code>"red"</code>, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an alternative <em>deserialization</em> from <code>"rot"</code> to <code>Color::red</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: Multiple conversions for one enumerator</summary> <p>The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, <code>Color::red</code> will always be <em>serialized</em> to <code>"red"</code>, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an alternative <em>deserialization</em> from <code>"rot"</code> to <code>Color::red</code>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=mi>0</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"red"</span>
<span class=s2>"rot"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
<span class=s2>"red"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-</span><span class=err>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example 3: exceptions on invalid serialization</summary> <p>The example shows how an invalid serialization causes an exception to be thrown. In the example, Color::unknown is not defined in the mapping used to call <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code> so causes an exception when used to serialize. Similarly, "what" does not refer to an enum value so also causes an exception when deserialization is attempted.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <details class=example> <summary>Example: exceptions on invalid serialization</summary> <p>The example shows how an invalid serialization causes an exception to be thrown. In the example, Color::unknown is not defined in the mapping used to call <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code> so causes an exception when used to serialize. Similarly, "what" does not refer to an enum value so also causes an exception when deserialization is attempted.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -148,4 +148,4 @@
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=err>deserializa</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=err>io</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>fa</span><span class=err>iled</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span><span class=err>jso</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>.excep</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=err>io</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>.ou</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=err>_o</span><span class=kc>f</span><span class=err>_ra</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>ge.</span><span class=mi>410</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>e</span><span class=kc>nu</span><span class=err>m</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>ou</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>o</span><span class=kc>f</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>ra</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>ge</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>f</span><span class=err>or</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>Color</span>
<span class=err>deserializa</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=err>io</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>fa</span><span class=err>iled</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span><span class=err>jso</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>.excep</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=err>io</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>.ou</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=err>_o</span><span class=kc>f</span><span class=err>_ra</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>ge.</span><span class=mi>410</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>e</span><span class=kc>nu</span><span class=err>m</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>ou</span><span class=kc>t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>o</span><span class=kc>f</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>ra</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=err>ge</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>f</span><span class=err>or</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>Color</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"what"</span>
</code></pre></div></p> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/enum_conversion/ >Specializing enum conversion</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_disable_enum_serialization/ ><code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 3.13.0.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div></p> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../../features/enum_conversion/ >Specializing enum conversion</a></li> <li><a href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a></li> <li><a href=../json_disable_enum_serialization/ ><code>JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION</code></a></li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>.</p> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Important notes
## Examples
Example 1: Basic usage
Example: Basic usage
The example shows how `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT` can be used to serialize/deserialize both classical enums and C++11 enum classes:
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ ns::TS_STOPPED -> "stopped", ns::Color::red -> "red"
"running" -> 1, "blue" -> 2
```
Example 2: Multiple conversions for one enumerator
Example: Multiple conversions for one enumerator
The example shows how to use multiple conversions for a single enumerator. In the example, `Color::red` will always be *serialized* to `"red"`, because the first occurring conversion. The second conversion, however, offers an alternative *deserialization* from `"rot"` to `Color::red`.
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Output:
"red" -> 0
```
Example 3: exceptions on invalid serialization
Example: exceptions on invalid serialization
The example shows how an invalid serialization causes an exception to be thrown. In the example, Color::unknown is not defined in the mapping used to call `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT` so causes an exception when used to serialize. Similarly, "what" does not refer to an enum value so also causes an exception when deserialization is attempted.
@@ -227,4 +227,4 @@ deserialization failed: [json.exception.out_of_range.410] enum value out of rang
## Version history
Added in version 3.13.0.
Added in version 3.13.0 unreleased.
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_json_version_major/" rel="canonical"><link href=../nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ rel=prev><link href=../../../community/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet 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title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input 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<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR </span><span class=cm>/* value */</span>
<span class=cp>#define NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH </span><span class=cm>/* value */</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>These macros are defined by the library and contain the version numbers according to <a href="https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html">Semantic Versioning 2.0.0</a>.</p> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The macros are defined according to the current library version.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The example below shows how <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR</code>, <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR</code>, and <code>NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH</code> are defined by the library.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=err>JSON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>f</span><span class=err>or</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>Moder</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>C++</span><span class=w> </span><span class=err>versio</span><span class=kc>n</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mf>3.12.0</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/meta/ >meta</a> - returns version information on the library</li> <li><a href=../json_skip_library_version_check/ >JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK</a> - skip library version check</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.1.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:23:55 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/meta/ >meta</a> - returns version information on the library</li> <li><a href=../json_skip_library_version_check/ >JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK</a> - skip library version check</li> </ul> <h2 id=version-history>Version history<a class=headerlink href=#version-history title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li>Added in version 3.1.0.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="May 17, 2022 11:08:56 UTC">May 17, 2022</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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