docs: new design for the documentation site (#5934)

* docs: new design for the documentation site

Apply the brand to the Material for MkDocs site: Inter and JetBrains Mono
served by the site (upright and real italic), brand colours, blue header band
with the syntax pattern, wordmark in the header, new home page (hero, cards,
animated feature tour), 404 page, polish for tabs, search, footer, focus
rings, tables and code blocks, and theme features (code copy, previous/next
footer, TOC follow, search suggestions).

Draw the number railroad diagram, the parser callback events and the iterator
illustrations as inline SVGs that follow the light and dark scheme. The
generator scripts are in docs/mkdocs/scripts/figures; the feature slideshow
(json-light.svg, json-dark.svg, replacing json.gif on the home page) is built
by docs/mkdocs/scripts/slideshow. Decision nodes in five flowcharts become
hexagons, which need far less room.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: add figures, table captions and a macro chooser

- Figures with numbered captions: SAX stepper, json_view layout and edit
  stepper, exception map, JSON pointer and patch walkers, QA pipeline,
  scaling and binary size charts, roadmap lanes, release timeline,
  integration decision tree and namespace builder
- Table captions (nj-table-caption) on 9 pages
- Compile times: modules and PCH charts, filesystem section, re-measured
  Figure 1, links between features/modules.md and compile_times.md
- Interactive macro chooser for features/arbitrary_types.md
- Link check: exclude URLs that answer the plugin with 400/401/419 or are
  dead (customers.md)

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: macro chooser generates adl_serializer for non-default-constructible types

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: cross-link concept pages and API pages in See also sections

Add See also links in both directions between the concept pages (features,
home, integration) and the API pages, write API links in code font, give every
entry a comment after a dash, and show the callback event figure on the parser
callbacks page.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: address review comments on the new design

- Home: add a "Latest release" button
- Sponsors: update the list and group it by tier
- Features: list all feature pages on the index page
- Releases: add highlights per release, link the 4.0 roadmap, add the first commit to the timeline
- Exceptions: prefix all example messages with the exception name
- API: no code font for format names in the See also links of the to_/from_ pages
- Merge Patch: show the document before, the patch, and the result
- Replace "--" with typographic dashes, mark external links with an icon, center Mermaid diagrams

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
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"""Draws the release timeline of home/releases/index.md as an inline SVG into docs/images/.
The releases and their dates come from the tables of that page (rows like `| [v3.11.2](v3.11.2.md) | 2022-08-12 | ...`),
so after adding a release to the page, run `python3 scripts/figures/release_timeline.py` from docs/mkdocs and commit
the regenerated docs/images/release_timeline.svg. The page includes the SVG text with
`--8<-- "images/release_timeline.svg"`, so it follows the light/dark toggle (see the `nj-fig` rules in
docs/css/brand.css and the `nj-int-*` rules in docs/css/fig-integration.css). Every marker has a <title> tooltip.
The timeline also marks the first commit of the repository (FIRST_COMMIT) as a diamond. Rows without a date (the "Unreleased" row) are skipped; any other release row that cannot be parsed stops the script.
"""
import datetime
import re
import sys
from pathlib import Path
DOCS = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2] / "docs"
OUT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2] / "docs" / "images"
PAGE = DOCS / "home" / "releases" / "index.md"
ROW = re.compile(r"^\|\s*\[v(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\]\([^)]*\)\s*\|\s*([^|]*?)\s*\|")
W, LEFT, RIGHT = 880, 24, 856
LABEL_ROW, CHAR_W = 17, 7.0
FIRST_COMMIT = datetime.date(2013, 7, 4) # "- initial commit" of the repository
def parse(markdown):
releases = []
for line in markdown.splitlines():
if not line.startswith("| [v"):
continue
m = ROW.match(line)
if not m:
sys.exit("cannot parse release row: " + line)
try:
date = datetime.date.fromisoformat(m.group(4))
except ValueError:
sys.exit("cannot parse date in row: " + line)
releases.append(((int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3))), date))
if len(releases) < 2:
sys.exit("found fewer than two releases in " + str(PAGE))
if len({v for v, _ in releases}) != len(releases):
sys.exit("duplicate release in " + str(PAGE))
return sorted(releases, key=lambda r: (r[1], r[0]))
def name(version):
return "v%d.%d.%d" % version
def draw(releases):
first, last = FIRST_COMMIT, releases[-1][1]
start, end = datetime.date(first.year, 1, 1), datetime.date(last.year + 1, 1, 1)
span = (end - start).days
def xof(date):
return LEFT + (RIGHT - LEFT) * (date - start).days / span
# minor labels, placed greedily into the lowest free row above the axis
rows_end, labels = [], []
for version, date in [(None, FIRST_COMMIT)] + releases:
if version is not None and version[2] != 0:
continue
text = "first commit" if version is None else "%d.%d" % version[:2]
x, half = xof(date), len(text) * CHAR_W / 2 + 2
row = next((i for i, e in enumerate(rows_end) if e < x - half), None)
if row is None:
rows_end.append(0)
row = len(rows_end) - 1
rows_end[row] = x + half
labels.append((x, row, text))
top = 14 + LABEL_ROW * len(rows_end)
axis = top + 12
height = axis + 70
s = ['<svg class="nj-fig nj-fig--timeline" viewBox="0 0 %d %d" role="img" aria-labelledby="nj-int-tl-title" '
'xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">' % (W, height)]
minors = sum(1 for v, _ in releases if v[2] == 0)
s.append('<title id="nj-int-tl-title">Timeline from the first commit (%s) and the %d releases from %s (%s) to %s '
'(%s): %d minor or major releases, drawn as filled dots with their version above the axis, and %d patch '
'releases, drawn as rings. The first commit is drawn as a diamond.</title>'
% (first.isoformat(), len(releases), name(releases[0][0]), releases[0][1].isoformat(),
name(releases[-1][0]), last.isoformat(), minors, len(releases) - minors))
# year grid
for year in range(start.year, end.year + 1):
x = xof(datetime.date(year, 1, 1))
s.append('<line class="nj-int-grid" x1="%.1f" y1="%d" x2="%.1f" y2="%d"/>' % (x, top - 4, x, axis + 8))
if year < end.year:
mid = xof(datetime.date(year, 7, 1))
s.append('<text class="nj-int-year" x="%.1f" y="%d">%d</text>' % (mid, axis + 24, year))
s.append('<line class="nj-int-axis" x1="%d" y1="%d" x2="%d" y2="%d"/>' % (LEFT, axis, RIGHT, axis))
# major version spans
majors = {}
for version, date in releases:
majors.setdefault(version[0], []).append(date)
for major, dates in sorted(majors.items()):
x0, x1 = xof(min(dates)), xof(max(dates))
y = axis + 42
s.append('<path class="nj-int-axis" fill="none" d="M%.1f %d V%d H%.1f V%d"/>' % (x0, y - 5, y, x1, y - 5))
s.append('<text class="nj-int-major" x="%.1f" y="%d" text-anchor="%s">%d.x</text>'
% ((x0 + x1) / 2 if x1 - x0 > 30 else x0, y + 17, "middle" if x1 - x0 > 30 else "start", major))
# leaders and labels
for x, row, text in labels:
y = top - row * LABEL_ROW
s.append('<line class="nj-int-leader" x1="%.1f" y1="%d" x2="%.1f" y2="%d"/>' % (x, y + 3, x, axis - 7))
s.append('<text class="nj-int-label" x="%.1f" y="%d">%s</text>' % (x, y, text))
# markers: the first commit, then one per date, patch rings first so that minor dots stay on top
x = xof(FIRST_COMMIT)
s.append('<g><title>First commit %s</title><circle class="nj-int-hit" cx="%.1f" cy="%d" r="9"/>'
'<path class="nj-int-minor" d="M%.1f %d l7 -7 l7 7 l-7 7z" transform="translate(-7 0)"/></g>'
% (FIRST_COMMIT.isoformat(), x, axis, x, axis))
by_date = {}
for version, date in releases:
by_date.setdefault(date, []).append(version)
groups = sorted(by_date.items(), key=lambda g: any(v[2] == 0 for v in g[1]))
for date, versions in groups:
minor = any(v[2] == 0 for v in versions)
x = xof(date)
tip = ", ".join(name(v) for v in sorted(versions)) + " released " + date.isoformat()
s.append('<g><title>%s</title><circle class="nj-int-hit" cx="%.1f" cy="%d" r="9"/>'
'<circle class="%s" cx="%.1f" cy="%d" r="%g"/></g>'
% (tip, x, axis, "nj-int-minor" if minor else "nj-int-patch", x, axis, 6 if minor else 3.5))
s.append('</svg>')
return "\n".join(s) + "\n"
releases = parse(PAGE.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
(OUT / "release_timeline.svg").write_text(draw(releases), encoding="utf-8")
print("wrote", OUT / "release_timeline.svg", "with", len(releases), "releases")