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@@ -95,4 +95,4 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"compact"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>,</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"schema"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
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<span class=p>}</span>
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</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 27, 2026 18:40:13 UTC">September 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 28, 2026 15:51:07 UTC">September 28, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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@@ -47,4 +47,4 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"format"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"BON8"</span><span class=p>,</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"schema"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
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<span class=p>}</span>
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</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 27, 2026 18:40:13 UTC">September 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 28, 2026 15:51:07 UTC">September 28, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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||||
@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"compact"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>,</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"schema"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 27, 2026 18:40:13 UTC">September 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 28, 2026 15:51:07 UTC">September 28, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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|
||||
@@ -174,7 +174,20 @@ The library maps CBOR types to JSON value types as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
!!! warning "Object keys"
|
||||
|
||||
CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys other than UTF-8 strings are rejected.
|
||||
CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps
|
||||
with keys other than text strings (major type 3) are rejected with a
|
||||
[`parse_error.113`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error113) exception (or, with `allow_exceptions` set
|
||||
to `false`, a discarded value) naming the type of the key that was found, for instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR object key: only string keys are supported, but found an unsigned integer; last byte: 0x01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This applies to the [SAX interface](../parsing/sax_interface.md) as well, as the key is read before it is passed
|
||||
on. This is a deliberate restriction of the library's JSON value model, not an oversight: formats built on CBOR
|
||||
maps with integer keys, such as COSE ([RFC 9052](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9052.html)) or CWT
|
||||
([RFC 8392](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8392.html)), cannot be read with this library and need a
|
||||
general-purpose CBOR library instead.
|
||||
|
||||
!!! warning "UTF-8 validation of text strings"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=mh>0xa2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x67</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x63</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x6f</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x6d</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x70</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x61</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x63</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x74</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0xf5</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x66</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x73</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x63</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x68</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x65</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x6d</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x61</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x00</span><span class=w> </span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=deserialization>Deserialization<a class=headerlink href=#deserialization title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The library maps <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> types to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value types as follows:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> type</th> <th><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value type</th> <th>first byte</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x00..0x17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x1A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x1B</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x20..0x37</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x38</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x39</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x3A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x3B</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x40..0x57</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x58</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x59</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x5A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x5B</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x60..0x77</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x78</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x79</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x7A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x7B</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x7F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x80..0x97</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x98</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x99</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x9A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x9B</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x9F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xA0..0xB7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xB8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xB9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xBA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xBB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xBF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>False</td> <td><code>false</code></td> <td>0xF4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>True</td> <td><code>true</code></td> <td>0xF5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Null</td> <td><code>null</code></td> <td>0xF6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Half-Precision Float</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xF9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Single-Precision Float</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xFA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Double-Precision Float</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xFB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Incomplete mapping</p> <p>The mapping is <strong>incomplete</strong> in the sense that not all <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> types can be converted to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value. The following <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> types are not supported and will yield parse errors:</p> <ul> <li>simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)</li> <li>undefined (0xF7)</li> </ul> <p>Tagged items (0xC0..0xDB) are not interpreted either; see the note on tagged items below.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Negative integer overflow</p> <p><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> negative integers (major type 1) are decoded as <code>-1 - n</code>. If the encoded magnitude <code>n</code> is too large for the result to fit into <code>number_integer_t</code> (<code>std::int64_t</code> by default), parsing fails with a <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error112><code>parse_error.112</code></a> exception rather than overflowing silently.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Object keys</p> <p><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> allows map keys of any type, whereas <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> maps with keys other than <abbr title="Unicode TransformationLine truncated
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=deserialization>Deserialization<a class=headerlink href=#deserialization title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The library maps <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> types to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value types as follows:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> type</th> <th><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value type</th> <th>first byte</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x00..0x17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x1A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unsigned integer</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x1B</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x20..0x37</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x38</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x39</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x3A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negative integer</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0x3B</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x40..0x57</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x58</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x59</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x5A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Byte string</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0x5B</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x60..0x77</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x78</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x79</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x7A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x7B</td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 string</td> <td>string</td> <td>0x7F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x80..0x97</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x98</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x99</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x9A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x9B</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x9F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xA0..0xB7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xB8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xB9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xBA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xBB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xBF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>False</td> <td><code>false</code></td> <td>0xF4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>True</td> <td><code>true</code></td> <td>0xF5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Null</td> <td><code>null</code></td> <td>0xF6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Half-Precision Float</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xF9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Single-Precision Float</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xFA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Double-Precision Float</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xFB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Incomplete mapping</p> <p>The mapping is <strong>incomplete</strong> in the sense that not all <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> types can be converted to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value. The following <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> types are not supported and will yield parse errors:</p> <ul> <li>simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)</li> <li>undefined (0xF7)</li> </ul> <p>Tagged items (0xC0..0xDB) are not interpreted either; see the note on tagged items below.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Negative integer overflow</p> <p><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> negative integers (major type 1) are decoded as <code>-1 - n</code>. If the encoded magnitude <code>n</code> is too large for the result to fit into <code>number_integer_t</code> (<code>std::int64_t</code> by default), parsing fails with a <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error112><code>parse_error.112</code></a> exception rather than overflowing silently.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Object keys</p> <p><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> allows map keys of any type, whereas <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> maps with keys other than text strings (major type 3) are rejLine truncated
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <p>This applies to the <a href=../../parsing/sax_interface/ ><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface</a> as well, as the key is read before it is passed on. This is a deliberate restriction of the library's <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value model, not an oversight: formats built on <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> maps with integer keys, such as COSE (<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9052.html"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 9052</a>) or CWT (<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8392.html"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 8392</a>), cannot be read with this library and need a general-purpose <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> library instead.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 validation of text strings</p> <p><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html#section-3.1"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 8949, Section 3.1</a> requires <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> text strings (major type 3) to be valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8. This library validates the bytes of every text string (object keys included) at decode time and rejects ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 with a <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error113><code>parse_error.113</code></a> exception (or, with <code>allow_exceptions</code> set to <code>false</code>, a discarded value), rather than only failing later when the resulting value is dumped. Byte strings (major type 2) are unaffected and are never validated, since they are not required to hold text.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Tagged items</p> <p>Tagged items (0xC0..0xDB) will throw a parse error by default. They can be ignored by passing <code>cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore</code> to function <code>from_cbor</code>, in which case the tag is skipped and the enclosed data item is parsed on its own. Passing <code>cbor_tag_handler_t::store</code> to function <code>from_cbor</code> stores tagged byte strings (for bytes 0xd8..0xdb) as binary values with the tag as subtype; other tagged values are read as if the tag were ignored. If several tags precede a byte string, only the innermost one is stored. Note that no tag is ever interpreted: for instance, a text string tagged with tag 0 (date/time) stays a string.</p> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iostream></span>
|
||||
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iomanip></span>
|
||||
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json.hpp></span>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -45,4 +46,4 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"compact"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>,</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"schema"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 27, 2026 18:40:13 UTC">September 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 28, 2026 15:51:07 UTC">September 28, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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|
||||
@@ -185,7 +185,13 @@ CBOR negative integers (major type 1) are decoded as `-1 - n`. If the encoded ma
|
||||
|
||||
Object keys
|
||||
|
||||
CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys other than UTF-8 strings are rejected.
|
||||
CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys other than text strings (major type 3) are rejected with a [`parse_error.113`](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error113) exception (or, with `allow_exceptions` set to `false`, a discarded value) naming the type of the key that was found, for instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR object key: only string keys are supported, but found an unsigned integer; last byte: 0x01
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This applies to the [SAX interface](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/parsing/sax_interface/index.md) as well, as the key is read before it is passed on. This is a deliberate restriction of the library's JSON value model, not an oversight: formats built on CBOR maps with integer keys, such as COSE ([RFC 9052](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9052.html)) or CWT ([RFC 8392](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8392.html)), cannot be read with this library and need a general-purpose CBOR library instead.
|
||||
|
||||
UTF-8 validation of text strings
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1 +1 @@
|
||||
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_formats/" rel="canonical"><link href=../arbitrary_types/ rel=prev><link href=bjdata/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Binary Formats - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_formats/" rel="canonical"><link href=../arbitrary_types/ rel=prev><link href=bjdata/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Binary Formats - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Formats </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio 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6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> </label> <div claLine truncated
|
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@@ -138,6 +138,21 @@ The library maps MessagePack types to JSON value types as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
Any MessagePack output created by `to_msgpack` can be successfully parsed by `from_msgpack`.
|
||||
|
||||
!!! warning "Object keys"
|
||||
|
||||
MessagePack allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Like the
|
||||
JSON-compatible [profile](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#profile) sketched in the
|
||||
MessagePack specification, this library restricts map keys to `str` values. Maps with keys of any other type are
|
||||
rejected with a [`parse_error.113`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error113) exception (or, with
|
||||
`allow_exceptions` set to `false`, a discarded value) naming the type of the key that was found, for instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack object key: only string keys are supported, but found nil; last byte: 0xC0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This applies to the [SAX interface](../parsing/sax_interface.md) as well, as the key is read before it is passed
|
||||
on. Such input needs a general-purpose MessagePack library instead.
|
||||
|
||||
!!! warning "UTF-8 validation of string values"
|
||||
|
||||
The MessagePack specification requires `str` values (`fixstr`, `str 8`, `str 16`, `str 32`) to be valid UTF-8.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=mh>0x82</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0xa7</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x63</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x6f</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x6d</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x70</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x61</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x63</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x74</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0xc3</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0xa6</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x73</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x63</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x68</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x65</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x6d</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x61</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mh>0x00</span><span class=w> </span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=deserialization>Deserialization<a class=headerlink href=#deserialization title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The library maps MessagePack types to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value types as follows:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>MessagePack type</th> <th><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value type</th> <th>first byte</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>positive fixint</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x00..0x7F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixmap</td> <td>object</td> <td>0x80..0x8F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixarray</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x90..0x9F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixstr</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xA0..0xBF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>nil</td> <td><code>null</code></td> <td>0xC0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>false</td> <td><code>false</code></td> <td>0xC2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>true</td> <td><code>true</code></td> <td>0xC3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>float 32</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xCA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>float 64</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xCB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 8</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCC</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 16</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 32</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 64</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 8</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 16</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 32</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 64</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 8</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xD9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 16</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xDA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 32</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xDB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array 16</td> <td>array</td> <td>0xDC</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array 32</td> <td>array</td> <td>0xDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map 16</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xDE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map 32</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 8</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 16</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 32</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 8</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 16</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 32</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 1</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 2</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 4</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 8</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 16</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>negative fixint</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xE0-0xFF</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Info</p> <p>Any MessagePack output created by <code>to_msgpack</code> can be successfully parsed by <code>from_msgpack</code>.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 validation of string values</p> <p>The MessagePack specification requires <code>str</code> values (<code>fixstr</code>, <code>str 8</code>, <code>str 16</code>, <code>str 32</code>) to be valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8. This library validates the bytes of every such string (object keys included) at decode time and rejects ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 with a <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error113><code>parse_error.113</code></a> exception (or, with <code>allow_exceptions</code> set to <code>false</code>, a discarded value), rather than only failing later when the resulting value is dumped. <code>bin</code>/<code>ext</code>/<code>fixext</code> values are unaffected and are never validated, since they are not required to hold text.</p> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iostream></span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=deserialization>Deserialization<a class=headerlink href=#deserialization title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The library maps MessagePack types to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value types as follows:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>MessagePack type</th> <th><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value type</th> <th>first byte</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>positive fixint</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0x00..0x7F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixmap</td> <td>object</td> <td>0x80..0x8F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixarray</td> <td>array</td> <td>0x90..0x9F</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixstr</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xA0..0xBF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>nil</td> <td><code>null</code></td> <td>0xC0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>false</td> <td><code>false</code></td> <td>0xC2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>true</td> <td><code>true</code></td> <td>0xC3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>float 32</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xCA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>float 64</td> <td>number_float</td> <td>0xCB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 8</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCC</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 16</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 32</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 64</td> <td>number_unsigned</td> <td>0xCF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 8</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 16</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 32</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 64</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xD3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 8</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xD9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 16</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xDA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 32</td> <td>string</td> <td>0xDB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array 16</td> <td>array</td> <td>0xDC</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array 32</td> <td>array</td> <td>0xDD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map 16</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xDE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map 32</td> <td>object</td> <td>0xDF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 8</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 16</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 32</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 8</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 16</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 32</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xC9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 1</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 2</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 4</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 8</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 16</td> <td>binary</td> <td>0xD8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>negative fixint</td> <td>number_integer</td> <td>0xE0-0xFF</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Info</p> <p>Any MessagePack output created by <code>to_msgpack</code> can be successfully parsed by <code>from_msgpack</code>.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Object keys</p> <p>MessagePack allows map keys of any type, whereas <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> only allows strings as keys in object values. Like the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>-compatible <a href="https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#profile">profile</a> sketched in the MessagePack specification, this library restricts map keys to <code>str</code> values. Maps with keys of any other type are rejected with a <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error113><code>parse_error.113</code></a> exception (or, with <code>allow_exceptions</code> set to <code>false</code>, a discarded value) naming the type of the key that was found, for instance:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack object key: only string keys are supported, but found nil; last byte: 0xC0
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <p>This applies to the <a href=../../parsing/sax_interface/ ><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface</a> as well, as the key is read before it is passed on. Such input needs a general-purpose MessagePack library instead.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title><abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 validation of string values</p> <p>The MessagePack specification requires <code>str</code> values (<code>fixstr</code>, <code>str 8</code>, <code>str 16</code>, <code>str 32</code>) to be valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8. This library validates the bytes of every such string (object keys included) at decode time and rejects ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 with a <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error113><code>parse_error.113</code></a> exception (or, with <code>allow_exceptions</code> set to <code>false</code>, a discarded value), rather than only failing later when the resulting value is dumped. <code>bin</code>/<code>ext</code>/<code>fixext</code> values are unaffected and are never validated, since they are not required to hold text.</p> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iostream></span>
|
||||
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iomanip></span>
|
||||
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json.hpp></span>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -45,4 +46,4 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"compact"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>,</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"schema"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 27, 2026 18:40:13 UTC">September 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 384 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M162.7 210c-1.8 3.3-25.2 44.4-70.1 123.5-4.9 8.3-10.8 12.5-17.7 12.5H9.8c-7.7 0-12.1-7.5-8.5-14.4l69-121.3q.3 0 0-.3l-43.9-75.6c-4.3-7.8.3-14.1 8.5-14.1H100c7.3 0 13.3 4.1 18 12.2zM382.6 46.1l-144 253v.3L330.2 466c3.9 7.1.2 14.1-8.5 14.1h-65.2c-7.6 0-13.6-4-18-12.2l-92.4-168.5c3.3-5.8 51.5-90.Line truncated
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 28, 2026 15:51:07 UTC">September 28, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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|
||||
@@ -152,6 +152,16 @@ Info
|
||||
|
||||
Any MessagePack output created by `to_msgpack` can be successfully parsed by `from_msgpack`.
|
||||
|
||||
Object keys
|
||||
|
||||
MessagePack allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Like the JSON-compatible [profile](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#profile) sketched in the MessagePack specification, this library restricts map keys to `str` values. Maps with keys of any other type are rejected with a [`parse_error.113`](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error113) exception (or, with `allow_exceptions` set to `false`, a discarded value) naming the type of the key that was found, for instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack object key: only string keys are supported, but found nil; last byte: 0xC0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This applies to the [SAX interface](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/parsing/sax_interface/index.md) as well, as the key is read before it is passed on. Such input needs a general-purpose MessagePack library instead.
|
||||
|
||||
UTF-8 validation of string values
|
||||
|
||||
The MessagePack specification requires `str` values (`fixstr`, `str 8`, `str 16`, `str 32`) to be valid UTF-8. This library validates the bytes of every such string (object keys included) at decode time and rejects ill-formed UTF-8 with a [`parse_error.113`](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error113) exception (or, with `allow_exceptions` set to `false`, a discarded value), rather than only failing later when the resulting value is dumped. `bin`/`ext`/`fixext` values are unaffected and are never validated, since they are not required to hold text.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -90,4 +90,4 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"compact"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>,</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"schema"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 27, 2026 18:40:13 UTC">September 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 28, 2026 15:51:07 UTC">September 28, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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