Index arrays without subtrees directly

operator[](idx), at(idx) and back() skipped the elements of an array one
after the other, whatever they were. In an array none of whose elements is
an array or object (numbers, strings, booleans, null) the elements are
adjacent nodes, which the array node's own sizes tell: its subtree has
exactly one node more than it has elements. Such an element is now the
node idx after the array node; any other array is walked as before.

Reading r[i] for every i of an array of 3000 integers:
  Apple M1: 28.8 M instructions, 3.1 ms -> 0.1 M instructions, 4 us
  Linux x86-64 Ir (whole run), GCC 13 / Clang 18: 84.1 M -> 3.1 M / 75.0 M -> 3.0 M
Arrays that contain arrays are unchanged.

Belongs to the PR "json_view: read-side speedups".

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

include/nlohmann/detail/view/lookup.hpp

@@ -166,6 +166,10 @@ const node* element_at(const document_data& d, const node* array, std::size_t id
     {
         return e + idx; // a growable block: one link per element
     }
+    if (array->next == array->len + 1u && (!nav::editable() || (array->flags & node_flags::moved) == 0))
+    {
+        return e + idx; // no element has a subtree: the elements are the nodes after the array
+    }
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx; ++i)
     {
         e = document_data::after(e);
@@ -181,6 +185,10 @@ const node* last_child(const document_data& d, const node* container) noexcept
     const std::size_t value_offset = container->kind == static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::object) ? 1 : 0;
     const node* const end = navigation<Editable>::end(d, container);
     const node* last = navigation<Editable>::first(d, container);
+    if (value_offset == 0 && container->next == container->len + 1u && (!navigation<Editable>::editable() || (container->flags & node_flags::moved) == 0))
+    {
+        return last + (container->len - 1u); // an array without subtrees: the elements are the nodes after it
+    }
     for (const node* c = document_data::after(last + value_offset); c != end; c = document_data::after(c + value_offset))
     {
         last = c;