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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/error_handler_t/" rel="canonical"><link href=../erase/ rel=prev><link href=../exception/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>error_handler_t - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/error_handler_t/" rel="canonical"><link href=../erase/ rel=prev><link href=../exception/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>error_handler_t - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> error_handler_t </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to 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4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>strict</span><span class=p>,</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>replace</span><span class=p>,</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>ignore</span><span class=p>,</span>
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</code></pre></div> <p>This enumeration is used to choose how to treat ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 in a string value or object key:</p> <ul> <li><a href=../dump/ ><code>dump</code></a> uses it while serializing a <code>basic_json</code> value to text.</li> <li><a href=../to_cbor/ ><code>to_cbor</code></a>, <a href=../to_msgpack/ ><code>to_msgpack</code></a>, <a href=../to_ubjson/ ><code>to_ubjson</code></a>, <a href=../to_bjdata/ ><code>to_bjdata</code></a>, and <a href=../to_bson/ ><code>to_bson</code></a> use it while serializing a <code>basic_json</code> value to that binary format. Their default is <code>keep</code>, as no binary writer checked before this parameter was added. <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, and <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> require valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8, so for these four the default is <code>strict</code> if <a href=../../macros/json_strict_binary_utf8/ ><code>JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8</code></a> is enabled; MessagePack's specification explicitly allows a string to contain ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8, so <code>to_msgpack</code> stays at <code>keep</code>. <code>to_bon8</code> does not take this parameter: <abbr title="Binary Object Notation 8">BON8</abbr> always validates, since <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 lead bytes are structural to that format.</li> <li><a href=../from_cbor/ ><code>from_cbor</code></a>, <a href=../from_msgpack/ ><code>from_msgpack</code></a>, <a href=../from_ubjson/ ><code>from_ubjson</code></a>, <a href=../from_bjdata/ ><code>from_bjdata</code></a>, and <a href=../from_bson/ ><code>from_bson</code></a> use it while parsing that binary format, to decide whether to check a string value or object key for well-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 at all; by default (<code>keep</code>) they do not, as no binary reader did before this parameter was added. <code>from_bon8</code> does not take this parameter, for the same reason <code>to_bon8</code> does not.</li> </ul> <p>Four values are differentiated:</p> <dl> <dt>strict</dt> <dd>throw a <code>type_error</code>/<code>parse_error</code> exception in case of invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8</dd> <dt>replace</dt> <dd>replace invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 sequences with U+FFFD (� REPLACEMENT CHARACTER)</dd> <dt>ignore</dt> <dd>ignore invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 sequences; all valid bytes are copied to the output unchanged, and invalid bytes are dropped</dd> <dt>keep</dt> <dd>keep invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 sequences unchanged; only meaningful for the binary formats mentioned above, since <a href=../dump/ ><code>dump</code></a> itself must produce text, and <code>keep</code> there writes the ill-formed bytes to the output as is, so the result is then not valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 (but still equals the input bytes exactly, including around any well-formed characters, which are still escaped as usual)</dd> </dl> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The example below shows how the different values of the <code>error_handler_t</code> influence the behavior of <a href=../dump/ ><code>dump</code></a> when reading serializing an invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 sequence.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iostream></span>
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<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json.hpp></span>
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<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
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<span class=p>{</span>
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@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j_invalid</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"ä</span><span class=se>\xA9</span><span class=s>ü"</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j_invalid</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>dump</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j_invalid</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>dump</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>type_error</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"string with replaced invalid characters: "</span>
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