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@@ -7,47 +7,47 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>};</span>
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<span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// namespace ns</span>
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<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"Ned Flanders"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"744 Evergreen Terrace"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>60</span><span class=p>};</span>
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<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"Ned Flanders"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"744 Evergreen Terrace"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>60</span><span class=p>};</span>
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<span class=c1>// convert to JSON: copy each value into the JSON object</span>
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<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=c1>// ...</span>
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<span class=c1>// convert from JSON: copy each value from the JSON object</span>
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<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>()</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(),</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>].</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>()</span>
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<span class=p>};</span>
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</code></pre></div> <p>It works, but that's quite a lot of boilerplate... Fortunately, there's a better way:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// create a person</span>
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<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"Ned Flanders"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"744 Evergreen Terrace"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>60</span><span class=p>};</span>
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<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"Ned Flanders"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"744 Evergreen Terrace"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>60</span><span class=p>};</span>
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<span class=c1>// conversion: person -> json</span>
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<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=c1>// {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}</span>
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<span class=c1>// {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}</span>
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<span class=c1>// conversion: json -> person</span>
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<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span>
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<span class=c1>// that's it</span>
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<span class=c1>// that's it</span>
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<span class=n>assert</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p2</span><span class=p>);</span>
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</code></pre></div> <h2 id=basic-usage>Basic usage<a class=headerlink href=#basic-usage title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>To make this work with one of your types, you only need to provide two functions:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>ns</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>to_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>person</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>};</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>};</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>person</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>).</span><span class=n>get_to</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>);</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>).</span><span class=n>get_to</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>);</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>).</span><span class=n>get_to</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>);</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"name"</span><span class=p>).</span><span class=n>get_to</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>);</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>).</span><span class=n>get_to</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>);</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"age"</span><span class=p>).</span><span class=n>get_to</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>);</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
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<span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// namespace ns</span>
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</code></pre></div> <p>That's all! When calling the <code>json</code> constructor with your type, your custom <code>to_json</code> method will be automatically called. Likewise, when calling <code>get<your_type>()</code> or <code>get_to(your_type&)</code>, the <code>from_json</code> method will be called.</p> <p>Some important things:</p> <ul> <li>Those methods <strong>MUST</strong> be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace <code>ns</code>, where <code>person</code> is defined).</li> <li>Those methods <strong>MUST</strong> be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use these conversions. Look at <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108">#1108</a> for errors that may occur otherwise.</li> <li>When using <code>get<your_type>()</code>, <code>your_type</code> <strong>MUST</strong> be <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible">DefaultConstructible</a>. (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)</li> <li>In function <code>from_json</code>, use function <a href=../../api/basic_json/at/ ><code>at()</code></a> to access the object values rather than <code>operator[]</code>. In case a key does not exist, <code>at</code> throws an exception that you can handle, whereas <code>operator[]</code> exhibits undefined behavior.</li> <li>You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for <abbr title="Standard Template Library">STL</abbr> types like <code>std::vector</code>: the library already implements these.</li> </ul> <h2 id=simplify-your-life-with-macros>Simplify your life with macros<a class=headerlink href=#simplify-your-life-with-macros title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>If you just want to serialize/deserialize some structs, the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions can be a lot of boilerplate.</p> <p>There are several macros to make your life easier as long as you want to use a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object as serialization. The macros are following the naming pattern, and you can choose the macro based on the needed features:</p> <ul> <li>All the macros start with <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE</code>.</li> <li>If you want a macro for the derived object, use the <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_derived_type/ ><code>DERIVED_TYPE</code></a> variant, otherwise use <code>TYPE</code>.<ul> <li>The <code>DERIVED_TYPE</code> variant requires an additional parameter of a base type, which should have the <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions defined. For instance, with a macro of its own.</li> </ul> </li> <li>If you need access to the private fields use <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ ><code>INTRUSIVE</code></a> variant, otherwise use <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ ><code>NON_INTRUSIVE</code></a>.<ul> <li>The <code>INTRUSIVE</code> macro should be defined <strong>inside</strong> the target class/struct, <code>NON_INTRUSIVE</code> should be defined within the same namespace.</li> </ul> </li> <li>If you want to deserialize the incomplete JSONs, use the <code>WITH_DEFAULTS</code> variant, which will use the default values for the member variables absent in <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>, the variant without <code>WITH_DEFAULTS</code> will raise an exception.</li> <li>If you do not need deserialization at all and only interested in <code>to_json</code> function, you can use the <code>ONLY_SERIALIZE</code> variant.</li> <li>If you want to use the custom <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> names for member variables, use <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ ><code>WITH_NAMES</code></a> variant, otherwise the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> name of the variable will be the same as its regular name. </li> </ul> <p>For all the macros, the first parameter is the name of the class/struct. The <code>DERIVED_TYPE</code> macros require a second parameter of a base class. All the remaining parameters name the member variables. The <code>WITH_NAMES</code> macros require a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> name before each of the variables.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Need access to private members</th> <th>Need only de-serialization</th> <th>Allow missing values when de-serializing</th> <th>macro</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><div style="color: green;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 12C1 5.925 5.925 1 12 1s11 4.925 11 11-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12m16.28-2.72a.75.75 0 0 0-.018-1.042.75.75 0 0 0-1.042-.018l-5.97 5.97-2.47-2.47a.75.75 0 0 0-1.042.018.75.75 0 0 0-.018 1.042l3 3a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0Z"/></svg></span></div></td> <td><div style="color: red;"><span class=twemoji><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M1 Line truncated
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@@ -79,25 +79,25 @@
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<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_postcode</span><span class=p>;</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=k>public</span><span class=o>:</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"street"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_street</span><span class=p>,</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=s>"housenumber"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_housenumber</span><span class=p>,</span>
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<span class=w> </span><span class=s>"postcode"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_postcode</span><span class=p>)</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"street"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_street</span><span class=p>,</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=s>"housenumber"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_housenumber</span><span class=p>,</span>
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||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=s>"postcode"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_postcode</span><span class=p>)</span>
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||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>};</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Overriding conversions for natively-supported types</p> <p>The library already provides built-in <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> conversions for <abbr title="Standard Template Library">STL</abbr> containers such as <code>std::vector</code>, <code>std::array</code>, and <code>std::map</code>. Defining your own free-function <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> overload for one of these container types directly (instead of for your own type) can conflict with the built-in overload during overload resolution, producing compiler errors ("no matching overloaded function", "call is ambiguous") that vary by compiler and library version. If you need different conversion behavior for a container type the library already handles, wrap it in your own type (or use <code>adl_serializer</code> specialization, as shown <a href=#how-do-i-convert-third-party-types>above</a> for <code>boost::optional</code>) instead of trying to re-specialize <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> for the container type itself.</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Raw C-style arrays</p> <p>Members declared as raw C-style arrays (e.g., <code>char buf[1024]</code>) do not round-trip safely through <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_*</code> macros or the default (de)serializers: <code>to_json</code> serializes any <code>char</code> array as a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> <em>string</em> (matching the <code>std::string</code>-constructible overload), but the <code>from_json</code> overload for fixed-size arrays expects a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> <em>array</em> and iterates it element-wise, which fails with a <code>type_error</code> when given a string. Use <code>std::string</code>, <code>std::array<char, N></code>, or a manually written <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> pair for such members instead.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Macros and <code>nlohmann::ordered_json</code></p> <p>The <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_*</code>/<code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_*</code> macros are generic over any <code>basic_json</code> specialization, including <code>nlohmann::ordered_json</code>. Simply use <code>ordered_json</code> as the target type and members are serialized in declaration order -- no separate macro or extra code is needed.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>ns</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
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||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>address</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>age</span><span class=p>)</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"Ned Flanders"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"744 Evergreen Terrace"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>60</span><span class=p>};</span>
|
||||
<span class=n>ns</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>person</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"Ned Flanders"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"744 Evergreen Terrace"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>60</span><span class=p>};</span>
|
||||
<span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ordered_json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// keys appear in declaration order: name, address, age</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>No macro for non-default-constructible types</p> <p>There is currently no <code>NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_*</code>-style macro for types that are not <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible">DefaultConstructible</a>. This is not an intentional omission of documentation -- no such macro exists yet; see <a href=#how-can-i-use-get-for-non-default-constructiblenon-copyable-types>How can I use <code>get()</code> for non-default constructible/non-copyable types?</a> for the manual pattern to use instead.</p> </div> <h2 id=how-do-i-convert-third-party-types>How do I convert third-party types?<a class=headerlink href=#how-do-i-convert-third-party-types title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>This requires a bit more advanced technique. But first, let us see how this conversion mechanism works:</p> <p>The library uses <strong><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Serializers</strong> to convert types to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr>. The default serializer for <code>nlohmann::json</code> is <code>nlohmann::adl_serializer</code> (<abbr title="Argument-dependent lookup">ADL</abbr> means <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/adl">Argument-Dependent Lookup</a>).</p> <p>It is implemented like this (simplified):</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>T</span><span class=o>></span>
|
||||
<span class=k>struct</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>adl_serializer</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>to_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// calls the "to_json" method in T's namespace</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// calls the "to_json" method in T's namespace</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// same thing, but with the "from_json" method</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// same thing, but with the "from_json" method</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>};</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <p>This serializer works fine when you have control over the type's namespace. However, what about <code>boost::optional</code> or <code>std::filesystem::path</code> (C++17)? Hijacking the <code>boost</code> namespace is pretty bad, and it's illegal to add something other than template specializations to <code>std</code>...</p> <p>To solve this, you need to add a specialization of <code>adl_serializer</code> to the <code>nlohmann</code> namespace, here's an example:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// partial specialization (full specialization works too)</span>
|
||||
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>nullptr</span><span class=p>;</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>else</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>*</span><span class=n>opt</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// this will call adl_serializer<T>::to_json which will</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// find the free function to_json in T's namespace!</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// find the free function to_json in T's namespace!</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -135,13 +135,13 @@
|
||||
<span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>nlohmann</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><></span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>struct</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>adl_serializer</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>move_only_type</span><span class=o>></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// note: the return type is no longer 'void', and the method only takes</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// note: the return type is no longer 'void', and the method only takes</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// one argument</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>move_only_type</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>()};</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Here's the catch! You must provide a to_json method! Otherwise, you</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Here's the catch! You must provide a to_json method! Otherwise, you</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// will not be able to convert move_only_type to json, since you fully</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// specialized adl_serializer on that type</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>static</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>to_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>move_only_type</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>t</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>a</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>type</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>typeid</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>))</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>any_cast</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>a</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>nullptr</span><span class=p>;</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=why-does-serializing-a-stdmapstdunordered_map-with-non-string-keys-produce-an-array>Why does serializing a <code>std::map</code>/<code>std::unordered_map</code> with non-string keys produce an array?<a class=headerlink href=#why-does-serializing-a-stdmapstdunordered_map-with-non-string-keys-produce-an-array title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>A <code>std::map</code>/<code>std::unordered_map</code> whose key type is not string-like (e.g., <code>std::map<int, std::string></code>) is serialized as a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> <em>array</em> of 2-element <code>[key, value]</code> arrays, not as a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object -- <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object keys must be strings, so the library cannot represent an integer-keyed map as an object.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>map</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m</span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"one"</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"two"</span><span class=p>}};</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=why-does-serializing-a-stdmapstdunordered_map-with-non-string-keys-produce-an-array>Why does serializing a <code>std::map</code>/<code>std::unordered_map</code> with non-string keys produce an array?<a class=headerlink href=#why-does-serializing-a-stdmapstdunordered_map-with-non-string-keys-produce-an-array title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>A <code>std::map</code>/<code>std::unordered_map</code> whose key type is not string-like (e.g., <code>std::map<int, std::string></code>) is serialized as a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> <em>array</em> of 2-element <code>[key, value]</code> arrays, not as a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object -- <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object keys must be strings, so the library cannot represent an integer-keyed map as an object.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>map</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>></span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m</span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"one"</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"two"</span><span class=p>}};</span>
|
||||
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m</span><span class=p>;</span>
|
||||
<span class=c1>// j is [[1,"one"],[2,"two"]], not {"1":"one","2":"two"}</span>
|
||||
<span class=c1>// j is [[1,"one"],[2,"two"]], not {"1":"one","2":"two"}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <h2 id=why-does-stdwstring-convert-or-dump-incorrectly>Why does <code>std::wstring</code> convert or dump incorrectly?<a class=headerlink href=#why-does-stdwstring-convert-or-dump-incorrectly title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The library assumes <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 encoding internally, so <code>std::wstring</code> is not supported out of the box -- see the <abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr> entry on <a href=../../home/faq/#wide-string-handling>wide string handling</a> for why, and for a <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 conversion recipe.</p> <h2 id=can-i-write-my-own-serializer-advanced-use>Can I write my own serializer? (Advanced use)<a class=headerlink href=#can-i-write-my-own-serializer-advanced-use title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Yes. You might want to take a look at <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/tests/src/unit-udt.cpp"><code>unit-udt.cpp</code></a> in the test suite, to see a few examples.</p> <p>If you write your own serializer, you will need to do a few things:</p> <ul> <li>use a different <code>basic_json</code> alias than <code>nlohmann::json</code> (the last template parameter of <code>basic_json</code> is the <code>JSONSerializer</code>)</li> <li>use your <code>basic_json</code> alias (or a template parameter) in all your <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> methods</li> <li>use <code>nlohmann::to_json</code> and <code>nlohmann::from_json</code> when you need <abbr title="Argument-dependent lookup">ADL</abbr></li> </ul> <p>Here is an example, without simplifications, that only accepts types with a size <= 32, and uses <abbr title="Argument-dependent lookup">ADL</abbr>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// You should use void as a second template argument</span>
|
||||
<span class=c1>// if you don't need compile-time checks on T</span>
|
||||
<span class=c1>// if you don't need compile-time checks on T</span>
|
||||
<span class=k>template</span><span class=o><</span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>T</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>SFINAE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>enable_if</span><span class=o><</span><span class=k>sizeof</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>T</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>32</span><span class=o>>::</span><span class=n>type</span><span class=o>></span>
|
||||
<span class=k>struct</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>less_than_32_serializer</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=k>typename</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>BasicJsonType</span><span class=o>></span>
|
||||
@@ -204,4 +204,4 @@
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=k>template</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o><</span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// oops!</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>};</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="August 7, 2026 17:29:58 UTC">August 7, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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</code></pre></div> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="August 19, 2026 18:19:47 UTC">August 19, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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