Fix CI: bugprone-signed-char-misuse in append_from_block

Convert the (positive) length to its unsigned type before widening it
to std::size_t, as clang-tidy flags the int8_t to std::size_t cast.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

BUILD.bazel

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ cc_library(
         "include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp",
-        "include/nlohmann/detail/input/contiguous_parser.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp",

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/json_disable_stream_bulk_scan.md

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ The default value is `0`: streams are scanned in bulk.
 !!! note "Performance"
 
     Parsing from a `std::ifstream` or `std::istringstream` is typically 1.5 to 2 times as fast as before, and reading
-    many small values from one stream with `operator>>` 1.4 to 4 times as fast. Parsing from a stream then takes about
+    many small values from one stream with `operator>>` 1.4 to 4 times as fast. Parsing from a stream is then within
-    1.15 to 1.45 times as long as first reading the whole file into a `std::string` and parsing that.
+    about 10 to 20 % of first reading the whole file into a `std::string` and parsing that.
 
     A stream buffer without a get area (one that only overrides `underflow()` and `uflow()` and hands out every
     character from there) offers nothing to scan in bulk, so it is read one character at a time as before.

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/files.md

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ json read_json_file(const std::string& path)
   column 1 instead of saying that the file is missing. A relative path is resolved against the working directory of the
   running program, which is often not the directory of the source file (see the
   [FAQ](../home/faq.md#parsing-a-file-fails-with-unexpected-end-of-input)).
-- **Read the file into a string only if the memory is no concern.** Parsing from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` takes about
+- **Don't read the file into a string first.** Parsing from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` is only about 10 to 20 % slower
-  1.15 to 1.45 times as long as reading the whole file into a string with one `read()` and parsing that, but it needs no
+  than reading the whole file into a string with one `read()` and parsing that, and it needs no memory for the copy (see
-  memory for the copy (see [input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance)). The common
+  [input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance)). The common way to read a file with
-  way to read a file with `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>` is so slow that it takes about twice as long as parsing
+  `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>` is so slow that it takes about twice as long as parsing from the stream. Read
-  from the stream. This advice is for
+  the file into a string only if you need the text itself, for example for an error message. This advice is for
   `#!cpp json::parse`. [`json_document`](json_view.md) reads a stream into a buffer that it owns anyway, so there is no
   copy to save: reading the file into a `#!cpp std::string` yourself and passing that as an lvalue, which the document
   borrows, was about 6 to 12 % faster than parsing from the stream, with the same single buffer.

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/index.md

@@ -80,13 +80,8 @@ them faster than others:
 | `#!cpp FILE*`                                                                              | one character at a time, with the file locked once for the whole parse              |
 | other iterator ranges (e.g., `#!cpp std::list<char>`, `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>`), wide strings | one character at a time                                                             |
 
-Input in one block of memory is read even faster with the default options (no
+Parsing a file from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` is therefore only about 10 to 20 % slower than reading the whole file into a
-[parser callback](../../api/basic_json/parser_callback_t.md), no comments, no trailing commas, and for `sax_parse()`
+`#!cpp std::string` first and parsing that, and it needs no memory for a copy of the file. The stream is never read
-`strict = true`): `parse()`, `accept()`, and `sax_parse()` then read the grammar and the tokens in one loop over the
-memory. Only after an error do `parse()` and `sax_parse()` read the input again, to report the error exactly as before.
-
-Parsing a file from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` therefore takes about 1.15 to 1.45 times as long as reading the whole file
-into a `#!cpp std::string` first and parsing that, but it needs no memory for a copy of the file. The stream is never read
 ahead: after parsing, it is positioned exactly as if every character had been read one at a time, so
 [`operator>>`](../../api/operator_gtgt.md) can still read several values from one stream (see also
 [JSON Lines](json_lines.md)).

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/performance.md

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ up. Nothing is read ahead, so the stream is left exactly where it would be after
 [`operator>>`](../api/operator_gtgt.md) can still read several values from one stream. A stream buffer without a get
 area is read one character at a time. A `#!cpp FILE*` is still read one character at a time, but `file_input_adapter`
 locks the file once per parse instead of once per character. See
-[input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance) for the full table. Parsing from a
+[input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance) for the full table. According to the
-stream takes about 1.15 to 1.45 times as long as parsing an equivalent `#!cpp std::string`, which `parse()` reads with
+description of [#5828](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/5828), parsing from a stream is within about 10 to 20 % of
-a parser of its own (see there).
+parsing an equivalent `#!cpp std::string`.
 
 Inputs that are still read one character at a time: iterator ranges that are not contiguous (e.g.
 `#!cpp std::list<char>` or `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>`), wide strings, and user-defined adapters. An

include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp

@@ -4887,6 +4887,14 @@ class binary_reader
                    const char* context,
                    ContainerType& result)
     {
+        // a string that is in the block of input as a whole is appended from
+        // it, without the zero-filling resize() below
+        constexpr bool from_block = bulk_scan && std::is_same<ContainerType, string_t>::value;
+        if (append_from_block(len, result, std::integral_constant<bool, from_block> {}))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         // upper bound on the number of bytes read (and allocated) per chunk
         constexpr std::size_t chunk_size = 4096;
 
@@ -4923,6 +4931,36 @@ class binary_reader
         return true;
     }
 
+    /// append the @a len bytes at the current position to @a result, if the
+    /// input holds them in one block; false (with nothing read) otherwise
+    template<typename NumberType>
+    bool append_from_block(const NumberType len, string_t& result, std::true_type /*block*/)
+    {
+        if (len <= 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // (len > 0, so the unsigned type holds it; casting a signed char
+        // straight to std::size_t would trip bugprone-signed-char-misuse)
+        const auto ulen = static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<NumberType>::type>(len);
+        const std::size_t remaining = ia.bulk_remaining();
+        if (static_cast<std::uintmax_t>(ulen) > static_cast<std::uintmax_t>(remaining))
+        {
+            return false; // (the loop reports the premature end)
+        }
+        const auto n = static_cast<std::size_t>(ulen);
+        result.append(reinterpret_cast<const typename string_t::value_type*>(ia.bulk_data()), n);
+        ia.bulk_skip(n);
+        chars_read += n;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<typename NumberType, typename ContainerType>
+    static bool append_from_block(const NumberType /*len*/, ContainerType& /*result*/, std::false_type /*block*/) noexcept
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /*!
     @param[in] context  further context information (for diagnostics)
     @return whether the last read character is not EOF

include/nlohmann/detail/input/number_parse.hpp

@@ -316,30 +316,6 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE std::size_t accumulate_digits(const char* data, std::s
     return i;
 }
 
-/// the index of the first byte at or after @a i that is not a digit: the
-/// digits of accumulate_digits() without their value
-JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE std::size_t skip_digits(const char* data, std::size_t i, std::size_t avail) noexcept
-{
-    while (avail - i >= 8)
-    {
-        if (!is_eight_digits(read_eight_bytes(data + i)))
-        {
-            // a byte of the word is not a digit: no bounds checks before it
-            while (static_cast<unsigned char>(data[i] - '0') <= 9)
-            {
-                ++i;
-            }
-            return i;
-        }
-        i += 8;
-    }
-    while (i < avail && data[i] >= '0' && data[i] <= '9')
-    {
-        ++i;
-    }
-    return i;
-}
-
 /// whether [first, last) contains a digit other than '0'; a plain loop, as
 /// GCC calls std::any_of out of line even for the usual empty range
 JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE bool has_nonzero_digit(const char* first, const char* last) noexcept

include/nlohmann/detail/input/string_scan.hpp

@@ -520,10 +520,7 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE inline std::size_t string_bulk_run_from(const unsigned
 }
 #endif
 
-// string_bulk_run() for the lexer. The run must be the longest one: the lexer
+// string_bulk_run() for the lexer. With NEON, only the first four words are
-// would only lose speed with a shorter run, but contiguous_parser rejects a
-// string whose run ends at a byte other than a quote or a backslash, so a
-// shorter run would reject valid input there. With NEON, only the first four words are
 // checked inline (most keys and short values end there), and longer runs and
 // non-ASCII text continue out of line. The lexer's scan function runs once per
 // token, and the vector code inlined into it needs more registers, which every

include/nlohmann/json.hpp

@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp> // IWYU pragma: export
 #include <nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp>
-#include <nlohmann/detail/input/contiguous_parser.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp>
@@ -3110,15 +3109,6 @@ public:
                                  const bool ignore_trailing_commas)
     {
         basic_json result;
-        // JSON in one block of memory, with the default options, is read by
-        // the faster contiguous_parser; on an error, the library parser reads
-        // it again to report it (see contiguous_parser)
-        using contiguous = std::integral_constant<bool, detail::can_parse_contiguous<basic_json, typename std::decay<InputAdapterType>::type>::value>;
-        if (cb == nullptr && !ignore_comments && !ignore_trailing_commas
-                && detail::parse_contiguous(adapter, result, allow_exceptions, contiguous {}))
-        {
-            return result;
-        }
         parser(std::forward<InputAdapterType>(adapter), std::move(cb), allow_exceptions, ignore_comments, ignore_trailing_commas).parse(true, result);
         return result;
     }
@@ -3129,17 +3119,8 @@ public:
                             const bool ignore_comments,
                             const bool ignore_trailing_commas)
     {
-        // JSON in one block of memory is checked by the faster
-        // contiguous_parser (see parse_impl())
-        using adapter_t = typename std::decay<InputAdapterType>::type;
-        bool accepted = false;
-        if (!ignore_comments && !ignore_trailing_commas
-                && detail::accept_contiguous<basic_json>(adapter, accepted, std::integral_constant<bool, detail::can_parse_contiguous<basic_json, adapter_t>::value> {}))
-        {
-            return accepted;
-        }
         // the parser and lexer that discard the values of tokens (see lexer)
-        return ::nlohmann::detail::parser<basic_json, adapter_t, true>(std::forward<InputAdapterType>(adapter),
+        return ::nlohmann::detail::parser<basic_json, typename std::decay<InputAdapterType>::type, true>(std::forward<InputAdapterType>(adapter),
                 nullptr, false, ignore_comments, ignore_trailing_commas).accept(true);
     }
 
@@ -3154,14 +3135,6 @@ public:
     {
         if (format == input_format_t::json)
         {
-            // JSON in one block of memory is read by the faster
-            // contiguous_parser, with the default options (see parse_impl())
-            bool result = false;
-            if (strict && !ignore_comments && !ignore_trailing_commas
-                    && detail::sax_parse_contiguous<basic_json>(ia, sax, result, std::integral_constant<bool, detail::can_parse_contiguous<basic_json, InputAdapterType>::value> {}))
-            {
-                return result;
-            }
             return parser(std::move(ia), nullptr, true, ignore_comments, ignore_trailing_commas).sax_parse(sax, strict);
         }
         return detail::binary_reader<basic_json, InputAdapterType, SAX>(std::move(ia), format).sax_parse(sax, strict, tag_handler);

tests/src/unit-contiguous_parser.cpp

@@ -1,564 +0,0 @@
-//     __ _____ _____ _____
-//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
-// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
-// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
-//
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-// parse() and accept() read text in one block of memory with
-// detail::contiguous_parser, and everything else (here: std::list iterators)
-// with the lexer's byte path. These tests check that the two agree on every
-// input: the same value, with the same number types and float bits, or the
-// same exception with the same message.
-
-#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
-
-#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
-using nlohmann::json;
-using nlohmann::ordered_json;
-
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <list>
-#include <map>
-#include <random>
-#include <string>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace
-{
-
-/// the value with its number types and float bits; below 100 levels, the
-/// library's dump() (whose recursion is bounded) describes the rest
-template<typename Json>
-std::string describe_value(const Json& j, int depth = 0)
-{
-    std::string out;
-    if (depth >= 100)
-    {
-        out = j.dump();
-        return out;
-    }
-    switch (j.type())
-    {
-        case Json::value_t::number_float:
-        {
-            const double d = j.template get<double>();
-            std::uint64_t bits = 0;
-            std::memcpy(&bits, &d, sizeof(bits));
-            out += "f" + std::to_string(bits);
-            break;
-        }
-        case Json::value_t::number_integer:
-            out += "i" + j.dump();
-            break;
-        case Json::value_t::number_unsigned:
-            out += "u" + j.dump();
-            break;
-        case Json::value_t::array:
-            out += "[";
-            for (const auto& e : j)
-            {
-                out += describe_value(e, depth + 1) + ",";
-            }
-            out += "]";
-            break;
-        case Json::value_t::object:
-            out += "{";
-            for (auto it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it)
-            {
-                out += Json(it.key()).dump() + ":" + describe_value(it.value(), depth + 1) + ",";
-            }
-            out += "}";
-            break;
-        case Json::value_t::null:
-        case Json::value_t::boolean:
-        case Json::value_t::string:
-        case Json::value_t::binary:
-        case Json::value_t::discarded:
-        default:
-            out += j.dump();
-            break;
-    }
-    return out;
-}
-
-#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
-template<typename Json, typename Parse>
-std::string outcome(Parse parse)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        return describe_value(parse());
-    }
-    catch (const typename Json::exception& e)
-    {
-        return std::string("exception: ") + e.what();
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-/// every SAX event with its values, the text of float tokens, and the parse
-/// error with its position, token and message; returns false after
-/// @a stop_after events (to stop the parse)
-class event_log : public nlohmann::json_sax<json>
-{
-  public:
-    explicit event_log(std::size_t stop_after_ = static_cast<std::size_t>(-1), bool continue_after_error_ = false)
-        : stop_after(stop_after_), continue_after_error(continue_after_error_)
-    {}
-
-    bool null() override
-    {
-        return add("null");
-    }
-    bool boolean(bool val) override
-    {
-        return add(val ? "true" : "false");
-    }
-    bool number_integer(number_integer_t val) override
-    {
-        return add("i" + std::to_string(val));
-    }
-    bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t val) override
-    {
-        return add("u" + std::to_string(val));
-    }
-    bool number_float(number_float_t val, const string_t& s) override
-    {
-        std::uint64_t bits = 0;
-        std::memcpy(&bits, &val, sizeof(bits));
-        return add("f" + std::to_string(bits) + " " + s);
-    }
-    bool string(string_t& val) override
-    {
-        return add("s" + val);
-    }
-    bool binary(binary_t& /*val*/) override
-    {
-        return add("binary");
-    }
-    bool start_object(std::size_t elements) override
-    {
-        return add("{" + std::to_string(elements));
-    }
-    bool key(string_t& val) override
-    {
-        return add("k" + val);
-    }
-    bool end_object() override
-    {
-        return add("}");
-    }
-    bool start_array(std::size_t elements) override
-    {
-        return add("[" + std::to_string(elements));
-    }
-    bool end_array() override
-    {
-        return add("]");
-    }
-    bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const nlohmann::detail::exception& ex) override
-    {
-        events.push_back("error " + std::to_string(position) + " " + last_token + " " + ex.what());
-        return continue_after_error;
-    }
-
-    const std::vector<std::string>& log() const noexcept
-    {
-        return events;
-    }
-
-  private:
-    bool add(const std::string& event)
-    {
-        events.push_back(event);
-        return events.size() != stop_after;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::string> events {}; // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
-    std::size_t stop_after;
-    bool continue_after_error;
-};
-
-/// sax_parse() of the contiguous path against the byte path, also with a
-/// handler that stops the parse
-void check_same_events(const std::string& text, const std::list<char>& bytes)
-{
-    for (const std::size_t stop_after :
-            {
-                static_cast<std::size_t>(-1), std::size_t{1}, std::size_t{3}
-            })
-    {
-        CAPTURE(stop_after)
-        event_log contiguous(stop_after);
-        event_log byte_path(stop_after);
-        const bool r1 = json::sax_parse(text, &contiguous);
-        const bool r2 = json::sax_parse(bytes.begin(), bytes.end(), &byte_path);
-        CHECK(r1 == r2);
-        CHECK(contiguous.log() == byte_path.log());
-    }
-    // a handler that asks to go on after an error (the library parser then
-    // reports what follows, e.g., the missing end of the input)
-    event_log contiguous(static_cast<std::size_t>(-1), true);
-    event_log byte_path(static_cast<std::size_t>(-1), true);
-    const bool r1 = json::sax_parse(text, &contiguous);
-    const bool r2 = json::sax_parse(bytes.begin(), bytes.end(), &byte_path);
-    CHECK(r1 == r2);
-    CHECK(contiguous.log() == byte_path.log());
-}
-
-/// the contiguous path (a std::string) against the byte path (std::list iterators)
-template<typename Json>
-void check_same(const std::string& text)
-{
-    CAPTURE(text)
-    const std::list<char> bytes(text.begin(), text.end());
-
-#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
-    // with exceptions: the value, or the same exception for both
-    const std::string contiguous = outcome<Json>([&]
-    {
-        return Json::parse(text);
-    });
-    const std::string byte_path = outcome<Json>([&]
-    {
-        return Json::parse(bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
-    });
-    CHECK(contiguous == byte_path);
-#endif
-
-    // without exceptions: the value, or discarded for both
-    const Json c = Json::parse(text, nullptr, false);
-    const Json b = Json::parse(bytes.begin(), bytes.end(), nullptr, false);
-    CHECK(c.is_discarded() == b.is_discarded());
-
-    CHECK(Json::accept(text) == Json::accept(bytes.begin(), bytes.end()));
-    if (std::is_same<Json, json>::value)
-    {
-        check_same_events(text, bytes);
-    }
-    // a pointer range without a terminating NUL
-    std::vector<char> exact(text.begin(), text.end());
-    if (!exact.empty())
-    {
-        CHECK(Json::accept(exact.data(), exact.data() + exact.size()) == Json::accept(bytes.begin(), bytes.end()));
-    }
-}
-
-void check_both(const std::string& text)
-{
-    check_same<json>(text);
-    check_same<ordered_json>(text);
-}
-
-/// a random JSON text, mostly valid, with the corner cases of the parser
-class generator
-{
-  public:
-    explicit generator(std::uint32_t seed) : rng(seed) {}
-
-    std::string document(int depth)
-    {
-        std::string out;
-        value(out, depth);
-        return out;
-    }
-
-  private:
-    std::uint32_t pick(std::uint32_t n)
-    {
-        return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(rng() % n);
-    }
-
-    void whitespace(std::string& out)
-    {
-        static const char* const choices[] = {"", "", "", " ", "\n", "\n        ", "\t", "\r\n  ", "\n                  ", "  "}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
-        out += choices[pick(10)];
-    }
-
-    void number(std::string& out)
-    {
-        static const char* const choices[] = // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
-        {
-            "0", "-0", "1", "-1", "42", "123456789012345678", "-123456789012345678", "1234567890123456789",
-            "-1234567890123456789", "9223372036854775807", "-9223372036854775808", "-9223372036854775809",
-            "18446744073709551615", "18446744073709551616", "123456789012345678901234567890", "0.0", "-0.0",
-            "1.5", "-65.613616999999977", "1e10", "1E+10", "1e-10", "2.2250738585072014e-308", "4.9e-324",
-            "1e-400", "1.7976931348623157e308", "1e308", "1e309", "-1e309", "123.456e-789", "0.1e1",
-            "12345678901234567890.5", "1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125",
-            "9007199254740993", "0.30000000000000004", "1e22", "1e23", "100000000000000000000000",
-            "00", "01", "-", "1.", ".5", "1e", "1e+", "--1", "+1", "1.5e3.2", "0x10", "1_000"
-        };
-        out += choices[pick(sizeof(choices) / sizeof(choices[0]))];
-    }
-
-    void string(std::string& out)
-    {
-        static const char* const pieces[] = // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
-        {
-            "a", "key", "a longer piece of plain ASCII text for the vector paths", "\\n", "\\t", "\\\"",
-            "\\\\", "\\/", "\\b", "\\f", "\\r", "\\u0000", "\\u00e4", "\\u20AC", "\\uD83D\\uDE00",
-            "\\uD83D", "\\uDE00", "\\uD83Dx", "\\u12", "\\x", "\xC3\xA4", "\xE2\x82\xAC", "\xF0\x9F\x98\x80",
-            "\xC0\xAF", "\xED\xA0\x80", "\xF4\x90\x80\x80", "\x80", "\xFF", "\x01", "\x1F", "\x7F", "\t"
-        };
-        out += '"';
-        const auto n = pick(6);
-        for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-        {
-            // mostly well-formed pieces
-            out += pieces[pick(5) == 0 ? pick(sizeof(pieces) / sizeof(pieces[0])) : pick(20)];
-        }
-        out += '"';
-    }
-
-    void value(std::string& out, int depth)
-    {
-        const auto kind = depth > 0 ? pick(9) : 3 + pick(6);
-        switch (kind)
-        {
-            case 0:
-            case 1:
-            {
-                out += '[';
-                whitespace(out);
-                const auto n = pick(6);
-                for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-                {
-                    if (i != 0)
-                    {
-                        out += ',';
-                        whitespace(out);
-                    }
-                    value(out, depth - 1);
-                    whitespace(out);
-                }
-                out += ']';
-                break;
-            }
-            case 2:
-            {
-                out += '{';
-                whitespace(out);
-                const auto n = pick(6);
-                for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-                {
-                    if (i != 0)
-                    {
-                        out += ',';
-                        whitespace(out);
-                    }
-                    // a few duplicate keys
-                    if (pick(4) == 0)
-                    {
-                        out += "\"dup\"";
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        string(out);
-                    }
-                    whitespace(out);
-                    out += pick(2) == 0 ? ":" : ": ";
-                    whitespace(out);
-                    value(out, depth - 1);
-                    whitespace(out);
-                }
-                out += '}';
-                break;
-            }
-            case 3:
-            case 4:
-                number(out);
-                break;
-            case 5:
-            case 6:
-                string(out);
-                break;
-            case 7:
-                out += pick(2) == 0 ? "true" : "false";
-                break;
-            default:
-                out += "null";
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::mt19937 rng;
-};
-
-} // namespace
-
-TEST_CASE("contiguous parser")
-{
-    SECTION("fixed inputs")
-    {
-        const char* const inputs[] = // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
-        {
-            "", " ", "\n", "null", "true", "false", "nul", "tru", "fals", "nullx", "[]", "{}", "[", "{", "]", "}",
-            "[1,]", "[,1]", R"({"a":1,})", R"({"a" 1})", R"({"a":})", "{1:2}", "[1 2]", R"("")", R"("abc)", R"("\")",
-            "\xEF\xBB\xBF[1]", "\xEF\xBB[1]", "\xEF[1]", "\xEF\xBB\xBF", " [1] ", "[1]x", "[1] [2]", "1 2",
-            R"({"a":1,"a":2})", R"({"b":1,"a":2,"b":3})", R"(["\u0000"])", "[1e400]", "[-1e400]",
-            R"({"a": [1, 2, {"b": null}], "c": "d"})", "[true,false,null]", "[[[[[]]]]]",
-        };
-        for (const char* input : inputs)
-        {
-            check_both(input);
-        }
-
-        // NUL bytes: by default the end of the input (between values), else an error
-        check_both(std::string("[1]\0garbage", 11));
-        check_both(std::string("[1,\0]", 5));
-        check_both(std::string("\"a\0b\"", 5));
-        check_both(std::string("\0", 1));
-        check_both(std::string("1\0", 2));
-    }
-
-    SECTION("deep nesting")
-    {
-        // across the 64-level words of the nesting stack
-        const std::vector<std::size_t> depths = {63, 64, 65, 127, 128, 129, 200, 1000, 10000};
-        for (const std::size_t depth : depths)
-        {
-            check_both(std::string(depth, '[') + std::string(depth, ']'));
-            std::string objects;
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
-            {
-                objects += (i % 2 == 0) ? "{\"k\":" : "[";
-            }
-            objects += "1";
-            for (std::size_t i = depth; i-- > 0;)
-            {
-                objects += (i % 2 == 0) ? "}" : "]";
-            }
-            check_both(objects);
-            // unbalanced
-            check_both(std::string(depth, '[') + std::string(depth - 1, ']'));
-            check_both(std::string(depth, '[') + std::string(depth + 1, ']'));
-        }
-        // a value after a container that closes a 64-level word
-        std::string mixed = std::string(64, '[') + "1" + std::string(63, ']') + ",{\"a\":2}]";
-        check_both(mixed);
-        mixed = "{\"x\":" + std::string(64, '[') + std::string(64, ']') + ",\"y\":[1]}";
-        check_both(mixed);
-    }
-
-    SECTION("generated documents and their mutations")
-    {
-        generator gen(20261105u);
-        std::mt19937 rng(42u); // NOLINT(cert-msc32-c,cert-msc51-cpp,bugprone-random-generator-seed): reproducible
-        const char alphabet[] = "{}[]:,\"\\ \t\n\r0123456789-+.eEtrufalsn/u\x80\xbf\xc3\xe2\xed\xf0\xff"; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
-        for (int round = 0; round < 1500; ++round)
-        {
-            const std::string text = gen.document(1 + (round % 5));
-            check_both(text);
-            // every truncation of short documents, and a few mutations
-            if (text.size() < 60)
-            {
-                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < text.size(); ++n)
-                {
-                    check_same<json>(text.substr(0, n));
-                }
-            }
-            for (int m = 0; m < 3 && !text.empty(); ++m)
-            {
-                std::string mutated = text;
-                const std::size_t pos = rng() % mutated.size();
-                switch (rng() % 3)
-                {
-                    case 0:
-                        mutated[pos] = alphabet[rng() % (sizeof(alphabet) - 1)];
-                        break;
-                    case 1:
-                        mutated.insert(pos, 1, alphabet[rng() % (sizeof(alphabet) - 1)]);
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        mutated.erase(pos, 1);
-                        break;
-                }
-                check_same<json>(mutated);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("narrow number types")
-    {
-        // integers that do not fit become floats, floats are converted to float
-        using narrow_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int32_t, std::uint32_t, float>;
-        const std::vector<std::string> inputs =
-        {
-            "[2147483647, 2147483648, -2147483648, -2147483649, 4294967295, 4294967296, 18446744073709551615]",
-            "[1.5, 3.4028234663852886e38, 3.4028235677973366e38, 1e39, -1e39, 1e-46, 0.1, 16777217]",
-            "[-0, 0.0, 123456789012345678901234567890, -9223372036854775809]", "1e39", "4294967296", "-2147483649"
-        };
-        for (const auto& input : inputs)
-        {
-            check_same<narrow_json>(input);
-        }
-        generator gen(17u);
-        for (int round = 0; round < 200; ++round)
-        {
-            check_same<narrow_json>(gen.document(1 + (round % 4)));
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("number corner cases at the end of the input")
-    {
-        // the number ends at the end of the block (no closing bracket after it)
-        for (const char* number :
-                {"0", "-0", "1", "12345678", "123456789", "1234567890123456789", "18446744073709551616",
-                 "1.5", "1e5", "1e", "1.", "-", "1.5e-3", "123456789012345678901234567890e-10"
-                })
-        {
-            check_both(number);
-            check_both(std::string("[") + number + "]");
-            check_both(std::string("{\"n\":") + number + "}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("accept() of floats near the largest value")
-    {
-        // accept() skips digits without their value and computes it only for
-        // a float whose exponent may reach the largest value
-        for (const char* number :
-                {"17976931348623158e292", "17976931348623159e292", "1797693134862315.8e293", "1797693134862315.9e293",
-                 "0.17976931348623158e309", "0.17976931348623159e309", "-17976931348623159e292", "9999999999999999999e289"
-                })
-        {
-            check_both(number);
-            check_both(std::string("[") + number + "]");
-        }
-        CHECK(json::accept("17976931348623158e292"));
-        CHECK_FALSE(json::accept("17976931348623159e292"));
-        CHECK(json::accept("[1797693134862315.8e293]"));
-        CHECK_FALSE(json::accept("[1797693134862315.9e293]"));
-        CHECK(json::accept("0.17976931348623158e309"));
-        CHECK_FALSE(json::accept("0.17976931348623159e309"));
-        CHECK_FALSE(json::accept("-17976931348623159e292"));
-
-        using narrow_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int32_t, std::uint32_t, float>;
-        check_same<narrow_json>("34028235e31");
-        check_same<narrow_json>("34028236e31");
-        CHECK(narrow_json::accept("34028235e31"));
-        CHECK_FALSE(narrow_json::accept("34028236e31"));
-    }
-
-    SECTION("callbacks, comments and trailing commas take the library parser")
-    {
-        // (the results are those of the options; the contiguous parser does not support them)
-        CHECK(json::parse("[1,]", nullptr, true, false, true) == json({1}));
-        CHECK(json::parse("[1/*c*/]", nullptr, true, true) == json({1}));
-        CHECK(json::accept("[1,]", false, true));
-        CHECK(json::accept("// c\n[1]", true));
-        int calls = 0;
-        const json j = json::parse("[1,2]", [&calls](int /*depth*/, json::parse_event_t /*event*/, json& /*parsed*/)
-        {
-            ++calls;
-            return true;
-        });
-        CHECK(j == json({1, 2}));
-        CHECK(calls == 4);
-    }
-}