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json/features/parsing/large_and_partial_input/index.html
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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=description content="JSON for Modern C++ is a header-only C++11 library that makes JSON a first-class data type."><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/features/parsing/large_and_partial_input/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_lines/ rel=prev><link href=../parse_exceptions/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Large, Streamed, and Partial Input - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/brand.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/fig-sax.css><link rel=stylesheet 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<span class=md-ellipsis> v3.7.1 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v3.7.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v3.7.0 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v3.6.1/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v3.6.1 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v3.6.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v3.6.0 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v3.5.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v3.5.0 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v3.4.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v3.4.0 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v3.3.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v3.3.0 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v3.2.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v3.2.0 </span> </a> </li> <li 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class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.10 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.9/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.9 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.7/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.7 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.6/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.6 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.5/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.5 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.4/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.4 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.3/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.3 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.2/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.2 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.1/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.1 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v2.0.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v2.0.0 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v1.1.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v1.1.0 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/releases/v1.0.0/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> v1.0.0 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/design_goals/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Design goals </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/architecture/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Architecture </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/customers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Customers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/sponsors/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sponsors </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../home/debugging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2 checked> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Features </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2 id=__nav_2_label tabindex> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Features </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../arbitrary_types/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Arbitrary Type Conversions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../type_recipes/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Recipes for Common Types </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_4> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../binary_formats/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Formats </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_4 id=__nav_2_4_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Binary Formats </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../binary_formats/bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BJData </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../binary_formats/bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BON8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../binary_formats/bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BSON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../binary_formats/cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CBOR </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../binary_formats/messagepack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> MessagePack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../binary_formats/ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> UBJSON </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../binary_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../comments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Comments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../conversions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Converting values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../creating_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Creating JSON values </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_9> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../element_access/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Element Access </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_9 id=__nav_2_9_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_9_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_9> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Element Access </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../element_access/unchecked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Unchecked access: operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../element_access/checked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Checked access: at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../element_access/default_value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Access with default value: value </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../iterators/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Iterators </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Merge Patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../json_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Patch and Diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../modifying_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modifying values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../modules/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modules </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nlohmann Namespace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../no_exceptions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Working Without Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../object_order/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Object Order </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../performance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Performance </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_20 checked> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_20 id=__nav_2_20_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_20_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_20> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Parsing </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_lines/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Lines </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> Large, Streamed, and Partial Input </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Large, Streamed, and Partial Input </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#several-values-in-one-stream class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Several values in one stream </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#input-arriving-in-chunks class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Input arriving in chunks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#input-too-large-for-memory class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Input too large for memory </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Input too large for memory"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#handle-and-discard-elements-with-a-callback class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Handle and discard elements with a callback </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#extract-a-few-values-and-stop-with-sax class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Extract a few values and stop with SAX </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#read-parts-of-a-large-document-with-a-view class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Read parts of a large document with a view </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#see-also class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> See also </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../parse_exceptions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing and Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../parser_callbacks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parser Callbacks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../sax_interface/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> SAX Interface </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../untrusted_input/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing Untrusted Input </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../assertions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Runtime Assertions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Serialization </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../enum_conversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Specializing enum conversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../macros/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Supported Macros </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../trailing_commas/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Trailing Commas </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_26> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../types/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Types </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_26 id=__nav_2_26_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_26_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_26> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Types </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../types/number_handling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Number Handling </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../types/template_parameters/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Template Parameter Requirements </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../json_view/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Zero-copy JSON views </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../integration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Integration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../integration/migration_guide/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Migration Guide </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../integration/cmake/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CMake </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../integration/package_managers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Package Managers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../integration/pkg-config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pkg-config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../integration/compile_times/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Compile times </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> API Documentation </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> API Documentation </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> basic_json </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_1 id=__nav_4_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> basic_json </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/~basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Destructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/accept/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> accept </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/array_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/as_base_class/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> as_base_class </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/at/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> begin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/binary_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/bjdata_version_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> bjdata_version_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/boolean_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/cbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbor_tag_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/cend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/clear/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/contains/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> contains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/count/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> count </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/crbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/crend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/default_object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> default_object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/diff/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/emplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/emplace_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/end/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/end_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/erase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> erase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/error_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> error_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/find/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> find </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/flatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> flatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/format_as/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> format_as </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/from_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/from_bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bon8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/from_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/from_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/from_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/from_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/get/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/get_allocator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_allocator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/get_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/get_ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/get_ref/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ref </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/get_to/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_to </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/std_formatter/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::formatter&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/std_hash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::hash&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/input_format_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> input_format_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/insert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> insert </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/invalid_iterator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> invalid_iterator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_discarded/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_discarded </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_number/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_primitive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_primitive </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/is_structured/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_structured </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/items/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> items </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/json_base_class_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_base_class_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/json_serializer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_serializer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/max_size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> max_size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/meta/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> meta </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/merge_diff/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> merge_diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> merge_patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/number_float_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/number_integer_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/object_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_ValueType/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator ValueType </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator value_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator%2B%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator+= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_lt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator< </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_gt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_le/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_ge/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/operator_spaceship/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<=> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/out_of_range/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> out_of_range </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/other_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> other_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/parse_event_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_event_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/parser_callback_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parser_callback_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/patch_inplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch_inplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/rbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/rend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/sax_parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sax_parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/start_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> swap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/std_swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::swap&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/to_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/to_bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bon8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/to_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/to_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/to_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/to_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/type_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/type_name/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_name </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/unflatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> unflatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/update/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> update </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json/with_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> with_t </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> basic_json_document </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_2 id=__nav_4_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> basic_json_document </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/basic_json_document/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/accept/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> accept </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/erase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> erase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/insert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> insert </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/is_discarded/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_discarded </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/load/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> load </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/memory_usage/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> memory_usage </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/node_count/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> node_count </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/owns_source/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> owns_source </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/parse_copy/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_copy </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/read/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> read </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/root/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> root </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/save/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> save </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/set/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> set </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/shrink_to_fit/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> shrink_to_fit </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_document/source/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> source </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> basic_json_view </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_3 id=__nav_4_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> basic_json_view </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/basic_json_view/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/at/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> begin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/cbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/cend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/contains/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> contains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/count/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> count </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/end/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/find/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> find </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/get/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/get_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/get_to/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_to </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_discarded/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_discarded </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_number/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_primitive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_primitive </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/is_structured/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_structured </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/items/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> items </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/materialize/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> materialize </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/number_format/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_format </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/number_token/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_token </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/operator_ltlt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<< </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/operator%5B%5D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/source_offset/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> source_offset </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/type_name/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_name </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_4> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> byte_container_with_subtype </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_4 id=__nav_4_4_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> byte_container_with_subtype </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/byte_container_with_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/clear_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/has_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> has_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/set_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> set_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> subtype </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/adl_serializer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> adl_serializer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_5 id=__nav_4_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> adl_serializer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/adl_serializer/from_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/adl_serializer/to_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_json </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/is_json_view/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_json_view </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_document/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_document </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_editable_document/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_editable_document </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_editable_view/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_editable_view </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_11> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_pointer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_11 id=__nav_4_11_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_11_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_11> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_pointer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/operator_string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/operator_spaceship/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<=> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/operator_slash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/ </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/operator_slasheq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/parent_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parent_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/pop_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/pop_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/push_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_pointer/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_12> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_sax </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_12 id=__nav_4_12_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_12_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_12> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_sax </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/end_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/end_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/key/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> key </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/start_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/start_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_sax/string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/json_view/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_view </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/operator_ltlt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<<(basic_json), operator<<(json_pointer) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/operator_gtgt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>>(basic_json) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/operator_literal_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/operator_literal_json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/ordered_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/ordered_json_document/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json_document </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/ordered_json_editable_document/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json_editable_document </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/ordered_json_editable_view/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json_editable_view </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/ordered_json_view/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json_view </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/ordered_map/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_map </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/view_mode/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> view_mode </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_25> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../api/macros/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> macros </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_25 id=__nav_4_25_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_25_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_25> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> macros </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_assert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_ASSERT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_throw_user/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_CATCH_USER, JSON_THROW_USER, JSON_TRY_USER </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_delete_deprecated_functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DELETE_DEPRECATED_FUNCTIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_disable_enum_serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 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JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_use_objects_for_enum_keyed_maps/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_OBJECTS_FOR_ENUM_KEYED_MAPS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/json_use_simdutf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_SIMDUTF </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_derived_type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_version_major/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../../community/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Community </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_5 id=__nav_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span 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href=../../../community/security_policy/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Security Policy </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../../community/assurance_case/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Assurance case </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#several-values-in-one-stream class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Several values in one stream </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#input-arriving-in-chunks class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Input arriving in chunks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#input-too-large-for-memory class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Input too large for memory </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Input too large for memory"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#handle-and-discard-elements-with-a-callback class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Handle and discard elements with a callback </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#extract-a-few-values-and-stop-with-sax class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Extract a few values and stop with SAX </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#read-parts-of-a-large-document-with-a-view class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Read parts of a large document with a view </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#see-also class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> See also </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/edit/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/large_and_partial_input.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon" rel="edit"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/raw/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/large_and_partial_input.md" title="View source of this page" class="md-content__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.2 8.2 0 0 1-1.23-2"/></svg> </a> <h1 id=large-streamed-and-partial-input>Large, Streamed, and Partial Input<a class=headerlink href=#large-streamed-and-partial-input title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1> <p><a href=../../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> reads exactly one complete <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value and builds it in memory. It cannot be paused and resumed, and it does not hand back a half-parsed value when the input ends early. This page shows what to do when the input does not fit that model: it arrives in pieces, it contains several values, or it is too large to hold as a <code>json</code> value.</p> <pre class=mermaid><code>flowchart TD
A["my input is..."] --&gt; B{"several JSON values in one stream?"}
B --&gt;|"yes"| C["read them one at a time"]
A --&gt; D{"arriving in chunks (socket, pipe)?"}
D --&gt;|"yes"| E["frame the messages, or buffer until complete"]
A --&gt; F{"too large to keep in memory?"}
F --&gt;|"yes"| G["discard parts with a callback, or use SAX"]
A --&gt; H{"only a small part is needed?"}
H --&gt;|"yes"| I["stop early with SAX, or read through a view"]</code></pre> <p class=nj-caption>Questions about the input and the approach this page describes for each; an input can match more than one question.</p> <h2 id=several-values-in-one-stream>Several values in one stream<a class=headerlink href=#several-values-in-one-stream title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>For newline-delimited input, read line by line and parse each line, as described in <a href=../json_lines/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Lines</a>. For values that are simply concatenated, <a href=../../../api/operator_gtgt/ ><code>operator&gt;&gt;</code></a> reads one value and leaves the stream positioned after it. Check for the end of the stream before each read, because a read at the end throws:</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: read concatenated values</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;sstream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istringstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=sa>R</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=dl>(</span><span class=s>{"a":1} [2,3] 4 "s"</span><span class=dl>)</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// check for the end of the stream before each read, because a read at the end throws</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>while</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ws</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&amp;&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>peek</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>!=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>char_traits</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>char</span><span class=o>&gt;::</span><span class=n>eof</span><span class=p>())</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>{"a":1}
[2,3]
4
"s"
</code></pre></div> </details> <p>The same works for binary formats. <a href=../../../api/basic_json/from_cbor/ ><code>from_cbor</code></a> and its relatives accept <code class=highlight><span class=n>strict</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>false</span></code> to stop after the first value and leave the rest of the stream untouched; <code>tellg()</code> then reports how many bytes the value took:</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: read one <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> value and find out how many bytes it used</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;sstream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// a CBOR value followed by other data</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>uint8_t</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>cbor</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>to_cbor</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>});</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>data</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>cbor</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>begin</span><span class=p>(),</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>cbor</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>end</span><span class=p>());</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>data</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"TRAILING"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istringstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>data</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>from_cbor</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>false</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// strict = false: stop after the first value</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"value: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"bytes used: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>tellg</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>rest</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>input</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>rest</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"remaining input: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>rest</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>value: [1,2,3]
bytes used: 4
remaining input: TRAILING
</code></pre></div> </details> <h2 id=input-arriving-in-chunks>Input arriving in chunks<a class=headerlink href=#input-arriving-in-chunks title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>A socket, pipe, or <abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> body hands over data in pieces of arbitrary size, and a piece can end in the middle of a number, a string, or an object. The parser does not keep state between calls, so there are two ways to deal with this.</p> <p><strong>Frame the messages.</strong> The most robust approach is a protocol that says where a value ends: one value per line (<a href=../json_lines/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Lines</a>), a length prefix, or a delimiter. Collect the bytes of one message and parse them when the frame is complete. Prefer this whenever you control the protocol.</p> <p><strong>Buffer until the value is complete.</strong> If the data has no framing, append every chunk to a buffer and try to parse it. A parse error at the very end of the buffer means that the input ended prematurely, while an error anywhere else is a real syntax error. The member <code>byte</code> of the <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionparse_error101><code>parse_error</code></a> exception is one past the buffer size in the first case:</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: buffer chunks until the value is complete</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>buffer</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=c1>// call for every chunk; returns true and sets `value` once the buffer holds one complete JSON value</span>
<span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>chunk</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>buffer</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>chunk</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>buffer</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>buffer</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>clear</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse_error</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=kt>byte</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>buffer</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>size</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>+</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>false</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// the input ends prematurely: wait for more data</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>throw</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// a real syntax error</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>chunks</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"{</span><span class=se>\"</span><span class=s>na"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"me</span><span class=se>\"</span><span class=s>: </span><span class=se>\"</span><span class=s>Ma"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"ry</span><span class=se>\"</span><span class=s>, </span><span class=se>\"</span><span class=s>l"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"ist</span><span class=se>\"</span><span class=s>: [1, 2"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>", 3]}"</span><span class=p>};</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>for</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>chunk</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>chunks</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"chunk "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>chunk</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>" -&gt; "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>chunk</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>?</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"complete"</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"incomplete"</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// a syntax error in the middle is not mistaken for missing data</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>push</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"[1, ]"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse_error</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>chunk {"na -&gt; incomplete
chunk me": "Ma -&gt; incomplete
chunk ry", "l -&gt; incomplete
chunk ist": [1, 2 -&gt; incomplete
chunk , 3]} -&gt; complete
{"list":[1,2,3],"name":"Mary"}
[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 5: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal
</code></pre></div> </details> <p>The example feeds a document in five chunks. The first four are reported as incomplete, and a syntax error is reported as such, not as missing data.</p> <p>The chunks of the example, and the bytes each attempt parses again:</p> <div class=nj-fig-wrap> <p><svg class="nj-fig nj-fig--sax-buf" viewbox="0 0 700 442" role=img aria-labelledby="fig-sax-buf-title fig-sax-buf-desc" xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <title id=fig-sax-buf-title>Buffering chunks until the value is complete: five chunks of {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Mary&quot;, &quot;list&quot;: [1, 2, 3]} appended to a buffer.</title> <desc id=fig-sax-buf-desc>After chunks 1 to 4 the buffer has 4, 12, 19, and 30 bytes, and parsing it fails at byte 5, 13, 20, and 31: one past the end, so the input is incomplete and the program waits for more. After chunk 5 the buffer of 35 bytes parses as one complete value. For the input [1, ] of 5 bytes the error is at byte 5, before the end, so it is a real syntax error. Every attempt parses the buffer from byte 1, so 4 + 12 + 19 + 30 + 35 = 100 bytes are parsed for a 35-byte value, and the work grows quadratically.</desc> <text class=fg-h x=16 y=24>chunk</text> <text class=fg-h x=96 y=24>buffer, parsed from byte 1 each time</text> <text class=fg-h x=420 y=24>result</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=67>chunk 1</text> <rect class=nj-sax-new x=96 y=50 width=36.6 height=24 rx=4 /> <text class=nj-sax-buf x=96 y=67 xml:space=preserve>{&quot;na</text> <path class="nj-sax-caret nj-sax-s-wait" d="M133.8 76 l-5 8 h10 z"/> <text class="nj-sax-status nj-sax-s-wait" x=420 y=61>error at byte 5 = size + 1</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=420 y=77>incomplete: wait for more</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=117>chunk 2</text> <rect class=nj-sax-old x=93 y=100 width=36.6 height=24 rx=4 /> <rect class=nj-sax-new x=129.6 y=100 width=70.2 height=24 rx=4 /> <text class=nj-sax-buf x=96 y=117 xml:space=preserve>{&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Ma</text> <path class="nj-sax-caret nj-sax-s-wait" d="M201 126 l-5 8 h10 z"/> <text class="nj-sax-status nj-sax-s-wait" x=420 y=111>error at byte 13 = size + 1</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=420 y=127>incomplete: wait for more</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=167>chunk 3</text> <rect class=nj-sax-old x=93 y=150 width=103.8 height=24 rx=4 /> <rect class=nj-sax-new x=196.8 y=150 width=61.8 height=24 rx=4 /> <text class=nj-sax-buf x=96 y=167 xml:space=preserve>{&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Mary&quot;, &quot;l</text> <path class="nj-sax-caret nj-sax-s-wait" d="M259.8 176 l-5 8 h10 z"/> <text class="nj-sax-status nj-sax-s-wait" x=420 y=161>error at byte 20 = size + 1</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=420 y=177>incomplete: wait for more</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=217>chunk 4</text> <rect class=nj-sax-old x=93 y=200 width=162.6 height=24 rx=4 /> <rect class=nj-sax-new x=255.6 y=200 width=95.4 height=24 rx=4 /> <text class=nj-sax-buf x=96 y=217 xml:space=preserve>{&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Mary&quot;, &quot;list&quot;: [1, 2</text> <path class="nj-sax-caret nj-sax-s-wait" d="M352.2 226 l-5 8 h10 z"/> <text class="nj-sax-status nj-sax-s-wait" x=420 y=211>error at byte 31 = size + 1</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=420 y=227>incomplete: wait for more</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=267>chunk 5</text> <rect class=nj-sax-old x=93 y=250 width=255 height=24 rx=4 /> <rect class=nj-sax-new x=348 y=250 width=45 height=24 rx=4 /> <text class=nj-sax-buf x=96 y=267 xml:space=preserve>{&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Mary&quot;, &quot;list&quot;: [1, 2, 3]}</text> <text class="nj-sax-status nj-sax-s-ok" x=420 y=261>parsed, size 35</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=420 y=277>complete: one value</text> <path class=nj-sax-sep d="M16 290 H684"/> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=325>other input</text> <rect class=nj-sax-new x=96 y=308 width=45 height=24 rx=4 /> <text class=nj-sax-buf x=96 y=325 xml:space=preserve>[1, ]</text> <path class="nj-sax-caret nj-sax-s-err" d="M133.8 334 l-5 8 h10 z"/> <text class="nj-sax-status nj-sax-s-err" x=420 y=319>error at byte 5, size 5</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=420 y=335>before the end: a real error</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=366>Bytes parsed: 4 + 12 + 19 + 30 + 35 = 100 for a value of 35 bytes.</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=386>Every attempt starts again at byte 1, so the total work grows</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=16 y=406>quadratically with the size of the value.</text> </svg></p> </div> <p class=nj-caption>Each row is one parse attempt on the growing buffer: an error at the byte after the end of the buffer means the value is incomplete, an error before the end is a real syntax error. The last line adds up the bytes parsed over all attempts.</p> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Limits of buffering</p> <ul> <li>The buffer must contain exactly one value. Data that belongs to the next value is a syntax error. Use framing if values follow each other without a separator.</li> <li>A number at the end of the buffer is a complete value, even if more digits are still to come (<code>12</code> may be the start of <code>123</code>). Buffering cannot detect this; use framing for top-level numbers.</li> <li>Every attempt parses the buffer from the beginning, so the total work grows quadratically with the size of the value. Limit the size of the buffer for input you do not trust (see <a href=../untrusted_input/ >untrusted input</a>).</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id=input-too-large-for-memory>Input too large for memory<a class=headerlink href=#input-too-large-for-memory title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The input does not have to become one huge <code>json</code> value. The two tools below process it piece by piece.</p> <p>How the memory use develops while a large array of records is parsed (illustrative, not a measurement):</p> <div class=nj-fig-wrap> <p><svg class="nj-fig nj-fig--sax-mem" viewbox="0 0 660 312" role=img aria-labelledby="fig-sax-mem-title fig-sax-mem-desc" xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <title id=fig-sax-mem-title>Illustrative memory use over time while a large array of records is parsed, not a measurement.</title> <desc id=fig-sax-mem-desc>Four curves. D&#8203;OM, parse(): rises steadily until the whole tree is in memory. json_document: starts at about the size of the text, which it keeps, and grows a little while its index is built. Parser callback that discards every record: stays flat at the size of one record. S&#8203;AX: stays flat and lowest, because no value is built and only what the handler keeps is in memory.</desc> <path class=nj-sax-axis d="M56 36 V272 H448"/> <text class=fg-h x=16 y=24>memory</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=56 y=294>time: records parsed</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--r nj-sax-illus" x=648 y=24>illustrative, not a measurement</text> <path class="nj-sax-curve nj-sax-c-dom" d="M56 268 L440 52"/> <path class="nj-sax-curve nj-sax-c-doc" d="M56 168 L440 146"/> <path class="nj-sax-curve nj-sax-c-cb" d="M56 250 L88 238 L88 250 L120 238 L120 250 L152 238 L152 250 L184 238 L184 250 L216 238 L216 250 L248 238 L248 250 L280 238 L280 250 L312 238 L312 250 L344 238 L344 250 L376 238 L376 250 L408 238 L408 250 L440 238 L440 250"/> <path class="nj-sax-curve nj-sax-c-sax" d="M56 264 H440"/> <text class="nj-sax-lab nj-sax-c-dom" x=456 y=48>D&#8203;OM: parse()</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=456 y=65>the whole tree</text> <text class="nj-sax-lab nj-sax-c-doc" x=456 y=142>json_document</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=456 y=159>the text plus its index</text> <text class="nj-sax-lab nj-sax-c-cb" x=456 y=227>callback, discard</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=456 y=244>one record at a time</text> <text class="nj-sax-lab nj-sax-c-sax" x=456 y=269>S&#8203;AX</text> <text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x=456 y=286>only what the handler keeps</text> </svg></p> </div> <p class=nj-caption>Memory use over the number of records parsed: <code>parse()</code> keeps the whole tree, <code>json_document</code> the text plus its index, a discarding callback one record at a time, and <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> only what the handler keeps.</p> <h3 id=handle-and-discard-elements-with-a-callback>Handle and discard elements with a callback<a class=headerlink href=#handle-and-discard-elements-with-a-callback title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <a href=../parser_callbacks/ >parser callback</a> is called for every finished value. If it returns <code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code>, the value is discarded and its memory is released at once. For a file that consists of one huge array (or one huge object) of records, handle each record at depth 1 and discard it:</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: handle and discard each record of a large array</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;sstream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>handle</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>record</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"handling "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>record</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istringstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>file</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=sa>R</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=dl>(</span><span class=s>[{"id": 1}, {"id": 2}, {"id": 3}]</span><span class=dl>)</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>result</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>file</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[](</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>depth</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse_event_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>event</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>record</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>depth</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&amp;&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>event</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse_event_t</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>object_end</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>handle</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>record</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>false</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// discard the record</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>});</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"result: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>result</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>handling {"id":1}
handling {"id":2}
handling {"id":3}
result: []
</code></pre></div> </details> <p>Only one record is in memory at any time. The same recipe, with more detail, is in the <a href=../parser_callbacks/#recipe-streaming-a-large-homogeneous-array>parser callbacks</a> page. To skip entire members you do not need, discard them when their key is read; see the <a href=../parser_callbacks/ >example</a> for <code>parse_event_t::key</code>.</p> <h3 id=extract-a-few-values-and-stop-with-sax>Extract a few values and stop with <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr><a class=headerlink href=#extract-a-few-values-and-stop-with-sax title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>With the <a href=../sax_interface/ ><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface</a>, no value is built at all, and <strong>returning <code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code> from any handler function stops the parser</strong>. <a href=../../../api/basic_json/sax_parse/ ><code>sax_parse</code></a> then returns <code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code>, and the rest of the input is not read. The example finds the first <code>id</code> in a document without parsing the remainder:</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: stop parsing as soon as a value is found</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=k>struct</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>find_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json_sax</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>&gt;</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>next_is_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>false</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>number_unsigned_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>key</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>name</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>next_is_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>name</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>==</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"id"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>number_unsigned</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>number_unsigned_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>if</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>next_is_id</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>false</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// found: stop parsing</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>null</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>boolean</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*val*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>number_integer</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>number_integer_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*val*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>number_float</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>number_float_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*val*/</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*s*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>string</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*val*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>binary</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>binary_t</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*val*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>start_object</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>size_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*elements*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>end_object</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>start_array</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>size_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*elements*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>end_array</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>parse_error</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>size_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*position*/</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*last_token*/</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>exception</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/*ex*/</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>override</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>false</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>};</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>find_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>handler</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>bool</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>completed</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>sax_parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=sa>R</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=dl>(</span><span class=s>{"x": [1, 2, 3], "id": 42, "rest": [4, 5, 6]}</span><span class=dl>)</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=n>handler</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>boolalpha</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"parse completed: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>completed</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"id: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>handler</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>parse completed: false
id: 42
</code></pre></div> </details> <p>Note that <code>sax_parse</code> returns <code class=highlight><span class=nb>false</span></code> both when a handler stopped the parse and when the input is invalid, so record the reason in the handler (here: <code>id</code>) if you need to tell the two apart.</p> <h3 id=read-parts-of-a-large-document-with-a-view>Read parts of a large document with a view<a class=headerlink href=#read-parts-of-a-large-document-with-a-view title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>If the whole text is available and you only need to read some of it, a <a href=../../json_view/ ><code>json_document</code></a> from <code>&lt;nlohmann/json_view.hpp&gt;</code> (added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>) avoids the <code>basic_json</code> tree altogether: it keeps the text, builds a flat index of the values, and gives read-only <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/ >views</a> of the parts you look at. Only what you <a href=../../../api/basic_json_view/materialize/ ><code>materialize()</code></a> becomes a <code>basic_json</code> value. See <a href=../../json_view/ >Zero-copy <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> views</a> for details and for the lifetime rules.</p> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../ >Parsing</a> - overview of the parsing functions</li> <li><a href=../json_lines/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Lines</a> - newline-delimited <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></li> <li><a href=../parser_callbacks/ >Parser callbacks</a> - discard values while parsing</li> <li><a href=../sax_interface/ ><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface</a> - event-based parsing</li> <li><a href=../../json_view/ >Zero-copy <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> views</a> - read parts of a large document without building a tree</li> <li><a href=../untrusted_input/ >Untrusted input</a> - limits for input you do not control</li> <li><a href=../../../api/operator_gtgt/ ><code>operator&gt;&gt;</code></a> - deserialize from stream</li> <li><a href=../../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> - deserialize from a compatible input</li> <li><a href=../../../api/basic_json/sax_parse/ ><code>sax_parse</code></a> - generate <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events</li> <li><a href=../../../api/macros/json_precise_stream_position/ ><code>JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION</code></a> - leave the stream positioned right after a parsed number</li> <li><a href=../../../api/macros/json_disable_stream_bulk_scan/ ><code>JSON_DISABLE_STREAM_BULK_SCAN</code></a> - read a <code>std::istream</code> one character at a time</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 27, 2026 06:41:42 UTC">October 27, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=../json_lines/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: JSON Lines"> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <span class=md-footer__direction> Previous </span> <div class=md-ellipsis> JSON Lines </div> </div> </a> <a href=../parse_exceptions/ class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: Parsing and Exceptions"> <div class=md-footer__title> <span class=md-footer__direction> Next </span> <div class=md-ellipsis> Parsing and Exceptions </div> </div> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11z"/></svg> </div> </a> </nav> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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