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mongoose/tutorials/rp/pico-rm2/wifi.c
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// Copyright (c) 2026 Cesanta Software Limited
// All rights reserved
#include "hardware/pio.h"
#include "mongoose.h"
#define WIFI_SSID "YOUR_WIFI_NETWORK_NAME" // SET THIS!
#define WIFI_PASS "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD" // SET THIS!
#define SPIPIO pio0
#define SPISM 0
#define DATAPIN 2
#define CLKPIN 3
#define CSPIN 1
#define PWRPIN 0
#define piospi_wrap_target 0
#define piospi_wrap 6
#define piospi_pio_version 0
#define piospi_offset_rx_ 7u
static const uint16_t piospi_program_instructions[] = {
// .wrap_target
0x80a0, // 0: pull block side 0
0xa027, // 1: mov x, osr side 0
0x6068, // 2: out null, 8 side 0
0x6001, // 3: out pins, 1 side 0
0x1043, // 4: jmp x--, 3 side 1
0xe000, // 5: set pins, 0 side 0
0xc020, // 6: irq wait 0 side 0
// .wrap
0xe080, // 7: set pindirs, 0 side 0
0x6020, // 8: out x, 32 side 0
0x4001, // 9: in pins, 1 side 0
0x1049, // 10: jmp x--, 9 side 1
0xe000, // 11: set pins, 0 side 0
0xe081, // 12: set pindirs, 1 side 0
0xc020, // 13: irq wait 0 side 0
0x0000, // 14: jmp 0 side 0
};
static const struct pio_program piospi_program = {
.instructions = piospi_program_instructions,
.length = 15,
.origin = -1,
.pio_version = 0,
#if PICO_PIO_VERSION > 0
.used_gpio_ranges = 0x0
#endif
};
static pio_sm_config piospi_program_get_default_config(uint offset) {
pio_sm_config c = pio_get_default_sm_config();
sm_config_set_wrap(&c, offset + piospi_wrap_target, offset + piospi_wrap);
sm_config_set_sideset(&c, 1, false, false);
return c;
}
static pio_sm_config piospi_init(PIO pio, uint sm, uint addr, uint data,
uint clk) {
pio_gpio_init(pio, data);
pio_gpio_init(pio, clk);
pio_sm_set_pins_with_mask(pio, sm, 0, (1 << data) | (1 << clk));
pio_sm_config c = piospi_program_get_default_config(addr);
sm_config_set_out_pins(&c, data, 1);
sm_config_set_in_pins(&c, data);
sm_config_set_set_pins(&c, data, 1);
sm_config_set_sideset_pins(&c, clk);
pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(pio, sm, data, 1, true);
pio_sm_set_consecutive_pindirs(pio, sm, clk, 1, true);
pio_sm_set_pindirs_with_mask(pio, sm, (1 << data) | (1 << clk),
(1 << data) | (1 << clk));
sm_config_set_in_shift(&c, false, true, 8); // push bytes, MSB first, auto
#if PICO_RP2040
sm_config_set_clkdiv(&c, 18); // Run at 133/1 = <50MHz (2x data rate)
#else
sm_config_set_clkdiv(&c, 20); // Run at 150/1 = <50MHz (2x data rate)
#endif
return c;
}
static void piospi_tx(PIO pio, uint sm, pio_sm_config *c, uint addr,
uint data) {
sm_config_set_fifo_join(c, PIO_FIFO_JOIN_TX);
sm_config_set_out_shift(c, false, true, 8); // pull bytes, MSB first, auto
pio_sm_init(pio, sm, addr, c);
}
static void piospi_rx(PIO pio, uint sm, pio_sm_config *c, uint addr,
uint data) {
sm_config_set_fifo_join(c, PIO_FIFO_JOIN_NONE);
sm_config_set_out_shift(c, false, true, 32); // pull words, MSB first, auto
pio_sm_init(pio, sm, addr + piospi_offset_rx_, c);
}
static void piospi_done(PIO pio, uint sm) {
while (!pio_interrupt_get(pio, 0));
pio_sm_set_enabled(pio, sm, false);
pio_interrupt_clear(pio, 0);
}
static pio_sm_config s_piospi_sm_config;
static uint s_piospi_sm_addr;
void piospi_write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
size_t initial_len = len;
piospi_tx(SPIPIO, SPISM, &s_piospi_sm_config, s_piospi_sm_addr, DATAPIN);
__compiler_memory_barrier();
pio_sm_put(SPIPIO, SPISM, (len * 8) - 1); // bits to transmit
pio_sm_set_enabled(SPIPIO, SPISM, true);
while (len--) pio_sm_put_blocking(SPIPIO, SPISM, (*data++) << 24);
piospi_done(SPIPIO, SPISM);
}
// Read data block from SPI interface
void piospi_read(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
piospi_rx(SPIPIO, SPISM, &s_piospi_sm_config, s_piospi_sm_addr, DATAPIN);
__compiler_memory_barrier();
pio_sm_put(SPIPIO, SPISM, (len * 8) - 1); // bits to receive
pio_sm_set_enabled(SPIPIO, SPISM, true);
while (len--) *data++ = pio_sm_get_blocking(SPIPIO, SPISM);
piospi_done(SPIPIO, SPISM);
}
void hwspecific_spi_init(void) {
gpio_init(PWRPIN);
gpio_set_dir(PWRPIN, GPIO_OUT);
gpio_put(PWRPIN, 0);
gpio_init(CSPIN);
gpio_set_dir(CSPIN, GPIO_OUT);
gpio_put(CSPIN, 0);
// init SPI pins so they are idle and stable during power up
gpio_init(DATAPIN);
gpio_set_dir(DATAPIN, GPIO_OUT);
gpio_put(DATAPIN, 0);
gpio_init(CLKPIN);
gpio_set_dir(CLKPIN, GPIO_OUT);
gpio_put(CLKPIN, 0);
mg_delayms(100);
gpio_put(CSPIN, 1);
gpio_put(PWRPIN, 1);
s_piospi_sm_addr = pio_add_program(SPIPIO, &piospi_program);
s_piospi_sm_config =
piospi_init(SPIPIO, SPISM, s_piospi_sm_addr, DATAPIN, CLKPIN);
mg_delayms(50);
}
void hwspecific_spi_begin(void *arg) {
gpio_put(CSPIN, 0);
(void) arg;
}
// either write or read, not both
void hwspecific_spi_txn(void *arg, uint8_t *txdata, uint8_t *rxdata,
size_t len) {
if (txdata != NULL) piospi_write(txdata, len);
if (rxdata != NULL) piospi_read(rxdata, len);
(void) arg;
}
void hwspecific_spi_end(void *arg) {
gpio_put(CSPIN, 1);
(void) arg;
}
static const struct mg_tcpip_spi spi = {NULL, hwspecific_spi_begin,
hwspecific_spi_end, hwspecific_spi_txn};
#ifndef CYW43_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE
#define CYW43_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE
#endif
#include "pico-sdk/lib/cyw43-driver/firmware/w43439A0_7_95_49_00_combined.h"
#include "pico-sdk/lib/cyw43-driver/firmware/wifi_nvram_43439.h"
static const struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_firmware fw = {
(const uint8_t *) w43439A0_7_95_49_00_combined,
(size_t) CYW43_WIFI_FW_LEN,
(const uint8_t *) wifi_nvram_4343,
(size_t) sizeof(wifi_nvram_4343),
(const uint8_t *) (w43439A0_7_95_49_00_combined +
sizeof(w43439A0_7_95_49_00_combined) - CYW43_CLM_LEN),
(size_t) CYW43_CLM_LEN};
// mif user states
enum { AP, SCANNING, STOPPING_AP, CONNECTING, READY };
static unsigned int state;
static void mif_fn(struct mg_tcpip_if *ifp, int ev, void *ev_data) {
// TODO(): should we include this inside ifp ? add an fn_data ?
if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_STATE_CHANGE) {
MG_INFO(("State change: %u", *(uint8_t *) ev_data));
}
switch (state) {
case AP: // we are in AP mode, wait for a user connection to trigger a scan
// or a connection to a network
if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_STATE_CHANGE &&
*(uint8_t *) ev_data == MG_TCPIP_STATE_READY) {
MG_INFO(("Access Point READY !"));
// simulate user request to scan for networks
bool res = mg_wifi_scan();
MG_INFO(("Starting scan: %s", res ? "OK" : "FAIL"));
if (res) state = SCANNING;
}
break;
case SCANNING:
if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_WIFI_SCAN_RESULT) {
struct mg_wifi_scan_bss_data *bss =
(struct mg_wifi_scan_bss_data *) ev_data;
MG_INFO(("BSS: %.*s (%u) (%M) %d dBm %u", bss->SSID.len, bss->SSID.buf,
bss->channel, mg_print_mac, bss->BSSID, (int) bss->RSSI,
bss->security));
} else if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_WIFI_SCAN_END) {
// struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_data *d = (struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_data
// *) ifp->driver_data;
MG_INFO(("Wi-Fi scan finished"));
// simulate user selection of a network (1/2: stop AP)
bool res = mg_wifi_ap_stop();
MG_INFO(("Manually stopping AP: %s", res ? "OK" : "FAIL"));
if (res) state = STOPPING_AP;
// else we have a hw/fw problem
}
break;
case STOPPING_AP:
if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_STATE_CHANGE &&
*(uint8_t *) ev_data == MG_TCPIP_STATE_DOWN) {
struct mg_wifi_data *wifi =
&((struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_data *) ifp->driver_data)->wifi;
wifi->apmode = false;
// simulate user selection of a network (2/2: actual connect)
bool res = mg_wifi_connect(wifi);
MG_INFO(("Manually connecting: %s", res ? "OK" : "FAIL"));
if (res) {
state = CONNECTING;
} // else manually start AP as below
}
break;
case CONNECTING:
if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_STATE_CHANGE &&
*(uint8_t *) ev_data == MG_TCPIP_STATE_READY) {
MG_INFO(("READY!"));
state = READY;
// simulate user code disconnection and go back to AP mode (1/2:
// disconnect)
bool res = mg_wifi_disconnect();
MG_INFO(("Manually disconnecting: %s", res ? "OK" : "FAIL"));
} else if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_WIFI_CONNECT_ERR) {
MG_ERROR(("Wi-Fi connect failed"));
// manually start AP as below
}
break;
case READY:
// go back to AP mode after a disconnection (simulation 2/2), you could
// retry
if (ev == MG_TCPIP_EV_STATE_CHANGE &&
*(uint8_t *) ev_data == MG_TCPIP_STATE_DOWN) {
struct mg_wifi_data *wifi =
&((struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_data *) ifp->driver_data)->wifi;
bool res = mg_wifi_ap_start(wifi);
MG_INFO(("Disconnected"));
MG_INFO(("Manually starting AP: %s", res ? "OK" : "FAIL"));
if (res) {
state = AP;
wifi->apmode = true;
}
}
break;
}
}
static struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_data d = {
{WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS, "mongoose", "mongoose", 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, true},
(struct mg_tcpip_spi *) &spi,
(struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_firmware *) &fw,
false,
};
void driver_init(struct mg_mgr *mgr) {
hwspecific_spi_init();
d.wifi.apip = MG_IPV4(192, 168, 169, 1),
d.wifi.apmask = MG_IPV4(255, 255, 255, 0),
state = d.wifi.apmode ? AP : CONNECTING;
// Initialise Mongoose network stack
// Either set use_dhcp or enter a static config.
// For static configuration, specify IP/mask/GW in network byte order
struct mg_tcpip_if mif = {
.ip = 0,
.driver = (struct mg_tcpip_driver *) &mg_tcpip_driver_cyw,
.driver_data = (struct mg_tcpip_driver_cyw_data *) &d,
.fn = mif_fn,
// .recv_queue.size = 8192
};
mg_tcpip_init(mgr, &mif);
}
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