Modify the inotify implementation so that inotify watches are

only created after dnsmasq has changed permissions and userid. This means that the permissions used when creating the watches are the same as used for accessing watched files, which makes more sense and avoids odd and confusing error conditions.
Fix crash with empty DHCP SNAME option.
2026-11-04 13:48:30 +00:00 · 2026-02-28 21:30:57 +00:00 · 2026-02-26 15:10:41 +00:00 · 2026-02-26 13:30:44 +00:00 · 2026-02-16 22:20:05 +00:00 · 2026-02-13 13:15:07 +00:00
73 changed files with 19744 additions and 9238 deletions
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 [submodule "debian"]
 	path = debian
 	url = git://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq-debian.git
+[submodule "submodules/dnsmasq-debian"]
+	path = submodules/dnsmasq-debian
+	url = https://thekelleys.org.uk/git/dnsmasq-debian
@@ -1,3 +1,119 @@
+version 2.93
+	Fix a corner-case in DNSSEC validation with wildcards. If we have
+	a wildcard record *.example.com and recieve a query for
+	a.example.com then that's OK, but we have to check that there isn't
+	an actual a.example.com record. The corner case is when we get a
+	query for *.example.com in that case the non-existence check
+	is not required, was being done. Thanks to Jan Breig for
+	spotting this.
+
+	Enable support for inotify on FreeBSD 15.0-RELEASE, which added
+	Linux-compatible inotify support.
+
+	Fix DNSSEC failure with spurious RRSIGs. The presence of wrong
+	RRSIG RRs in replies caused DNSSEC validation to fail even
+	when the RRs do not require validation because the zone is
+	unsigned. Note that, at the time of this commit, Google
+	DNS appears to have the same bug, so if you're using 8.8.8.8
+	or friends as upstream, resolving the broken zones
+	(eg rivcoed.org) will still fail. Thanks to Petr Menšík
+	for the bug report.
+
+	Fix DNSSEC fail with CNAME replies to DS queries. As CNAME reply
+	to a DNSSEC query was confusing the validation logic. It now
+	accepts a signed CNAME reply to a DS query as proof that no DS
+	exists at the domain. This fixes the DS/zone break detection logic.
+
+	Fix regression in 2.92 release which broke DHCPv6 when a DHCP
+	relay is in use. Many thanks to Jørgen Søvik for help
+	finding this bug.
+	
+	Modify the inotify implementation so that inotify watches are
+	only created after dnsmasq has changed permissions and userid.
+	This means that the permissions used when creating the watches
+	are the same as used for accessing watched files, which makes
+	more sense and avoids odd and confusing error conditions.
+
+	
+version 2.92
+        Redesign the interaction between DNSSEC validation and per-domain
+	servers, specified as --server=/<domain>/<ip-address>. This should
+	just work in all cases now. If the normal chain-of-trust exists into
+	the delegated domain then whether the domain is signed or not, DNSSEC
+	validation will function normally. In the case the delegated domain
+	is an "overlay" on top of the global DNS and no NS and/or DS records
+	exist connecting it to the global dns, then if the domain is
+	unsigned the situation will be handled by synthesising a
+	proof-of-non-existence-of-DS for the domain and queries will be
+	answered unvalidated; this action will be logged. A signed domain
+	without chain-of-trust can be validated if a suitable trust-anchor
+	is provided using --trust-anchor. This change should be backwards
+	compatible for all existing working configurations; it extends the
+	space of possible configurations which are functional.
+
+	Fix a couple of problems with DNSSEC validation and DNAME. One
+	could cause validation failure on correct domains, and the other
+	would fail to spot an invalid domain. Thanks to Graham Clinch
+	for spotting the problem.
+
+	Add --log-queries=auth option to only log replies from the auth DNS
+	facility.
+
+	Fix some edge-cases with domains and --address and --server. There
+	has been some regressions with this in previous releases. This change
+	fixes the priority order from lower to highest as:
+	--address with a IPv4 or IPv6 address (as long as the query matches the type)
+        --address with # for all-zeros, as long as the query is A or AAAA)
+        --address with no address, which returns NXDOMAIN or NOERROR for all types.
+        --server with address set to # to use the unqualified servers.
+        --server with matching domain.
+        --server without domain or from /etc/resolv.conf.
+
+	Fix problems with ipset or nftset and TCP DNS transport. Previously
+	this was racy, and insertion of addresses could fail on a busy server
+	when DNS-over-TCP transport was involved.
+
+	DNSSEC validation change for reverse lookups in RFC-1918 ranges and friends.
+    	The large public DNS services seem not to return proof-of-nonexistence
+	for DS records at the start of RFC-1918 in-addr.arpa domains and the their
+	IPv6 equivalents. 10.in-addr.arpa, 168.192.in-addr.arpa etc.
+	Since dnsmasq already has an option which instructs it not bother
+	upstream servers with pointless queries about these address ranges,
+	namely --bogus-priv, we extend that to enable behaviour which allows
+	dnsmasq to assume that insecure NXDOMAIN replies for these domains
+	are expected and to assume that the domains are legitimately unsigned.
+	This behaviour only matters when some address range is directed to
+	another upstream server using --rev-server. In that case it allows
+	replies from that server to pass DNSSEC validation. Without such a
+	server configured, queries are never sent upstream so they are never
+	validated and the new behaviour is moot.
+
+	Add support for leasequery to the dnsmasq DHCPv4 server.
+	This has to be specifically enabled with the --leasequery option.
+	Many thanks to JAXPORT, Jacksonville Port Authority for sponsoring
+	this enhancement to dnsmasq.
+
+	Fix failure to cache PTR RRs when a reply contains more than one answer.
+	Thanks to Dmitry for spotting this.
+
+	Add TFTP options windowsize (RFC 7440) and timeout (RFC 2349).
+	
+	Change the behaviour of the DHCPv6 server when a REBIND message
+	is received but no lease exists. Under these circumstances a new
+	lease is created _only_ when the --dhcp-authoritative option is
+	set. This matches the behavior of the DHCPv4 server.
+
+	Add --dhcp-split-relay option. This makes a DHCPv4 relay which
+	is functional when client and server networks aren't mutually
+	route-able.
+
+	Fix failure to add client MAC address to queries in TCP mode.
+	The options which cause	dnsmasq	to decorate a DNS query	with the MAC
+	address	on the originating client can fail when the query is sent
+	using TCP. Thanks to Bruno Ravara for spotting and
+	characterising this bug.
+
+	
 version 2.91
 	Fix spurious "resource limit exceeded messages". Thanks to 
 	Dominik Derigs for the bug report.
@@ -7,9 +123,9 @@ version 2.91
 	Literal address records are smaller and don't have
 	this field and don't need to be ordered on it.
 	To actually provoke this bug seems to need the same server-literal
-	to be repeated twice, eg --address=/a/1.1.1.1 --address-/a/1.1.1.1
+	to be repeated twice, e.g., --address=/a/1.1.1.1 --address-/a/1.1.1.1
 	which is clearly rare in the wild, but if it did exist it could
-	provoke a SIGSEV. Thanks to Daniel Rhea for fuzzing this one.
+	provoke a SIGSEGV. Thanks to Daniel Rhea for fuzzing this one.

 	Fix buffer overflow when configured lease-change script name
 	is too long.
@@ -17,7 +133,7 @@ version 2.91

 	Improve behaviour in the face of non-responsive upstream TCP DNS
 	servers. Without shorter timeouts, clients are blocked for too long
-	and fail wuth their own timeouts.
+	and fail with their own timeouts.

 	Set --fast-dns-retries by default when doing DNSSEC. A single
 	downstream query can trigger many upstream queries. On an
@@ -36,7 +152,7 @@ version 2.91
 	empty answer.

 	Fix handling of EDNS0 UDP packet sizes.
-	When talking upstream we always add a pseudoheader, and set the
+	When talking upstream we always add a pseudo header, and set the
        UDP packet size to --edns-packet-max. Answering queries from
 	downstream, we get the answer (either from upstream or local
 	data) If local data won't fit the advertised size (or 512 if
@@ -84,19 +200,48 @@ version 2.91

 	Handle DS queries to auth zones. When dnsmasq is configured to
 	act as an authoritative server and has an authoritative zone
-	configured, and recieves a query for that zone _as_forwarder_
+	configured, and receives a query for that zone _as_forwarder_
 	it answers the query directly rather than forwarding it. This
 	doesn't affect the answer, but it saves dnsmasq forwarding the
-	query to the recusor upstream, whch then bounces it back to dnsmasq
+	query to the recursor upstream, which then bounces it back to dnsmasq
 	in auth mode. The exception should be when the query is for the root
 	of zone, for a DS RR. The answer to that has to come from the parent,
-	via the recursor, and will typically be a proof-of-nonexistence
+	via the recursor, and will typically be a proof-of-non-existence
 	since dnsmasq doesn't support signed zones. This patch suppresses
 	local answers and forces forwarding to the upstream recursor for such
 	queries. It stops breakage when a DNSSEC validating client makes
 	queries to dnsmasq acting as forwarder for a zone for which it is
 	authoritative.

+	Implement "DNS-0x20 encoding", for extra protection against
+	reply-spoof attacks. Since DNS queries are case-insensitive,
+	it's possible to randomly flip the case of letters in a query
+	and still get the correct answer back.
+	This adds an extra dimension for a cache-poisoning attacker
+	to guess when sending replies in-the-blind since it's expected
+	that the legitimate answer will have the same  pattern of upper
+	and lower case as the query, so any replies which don't can be
+	ignored as malicious. The amount of extra entropy clearly depends
+	on the number of a-z and A-Z characters in the query, and this
+	implementation puts a hard limit of 32 bits to make resource
+	allocation easy. This about doubles entropy over the standard
+	random ID and random port combination. This technique can interact
+	badly with rare broken DNS servers which don't preserve the case
+	of the query in their reply. The first time a reply is returned
+	which matches the query in all respects except case, a warning
+	will be logged. In this release, 0x020-encoding is default-off
+	and must be explicitly enabled with --do-0x20-encoding. In future
+	releases it may default on. You can avoid a future release
+	changing the behaviour of an installation with --no-x20-encode.
+	
+	Fix a long-standing problem when two queries which are identical
+	in every respect _except_ case, get combined by dnsmasq. If
+	dnsmasq gets eg, two queries for example.com and Example.com
+	in quick succession it will get the answer for example.com from
+	upstream and send that answer to both requestors. This means that
+	the query for Example.com will get an answer for example.com, and
+	in the modern DNS, that answer may not be accepted.
+
 	
 version 2.90
 	Fix reversion in --rev-server introduced in 2.88 which
@@ -108,7 +253,7 @@ version 2.90
 	for a particular domain. Thanks to Daniel Danzberger for
 	spotting this bug.

-	Set the default maximum DNS UDP packet sice to 1232. This
+	Set the default maximum DNS UDP packet size to 1232. This
 	has been the recommended value since 2020 because it's the
 	largest value that avoid fragmentation, and fragmentation
 	is just not reliable on the modern internet, especially
@@ -116,14 +261,14 @@ version 2.90
 	--edns-packet-max for special circumstances.

 	Add --no-dhcpv4-interface and --no-dhcpv6-interface for
-	better control over which inetrfaces are providing DHCP service.
+	better control over which interfaces are providing DHCP service.

 	Fix issue with stale caching: After replying with stale data,
 	dnsmasq sends the query upstream to refresh the cache asynchronously
 	and sometimes sends the wrong packet: packet length can be wrong,
 	and if an EDE marking stale data is added to the answer that can
 	end up in the query also. This bug only seems to cause problems
-	when the usptream server is a DOH/DOT proxy. Thanks to Justin He
+	when the upstream server is a DOH/DOT proxy. Thanks to Justin He
 	for the bug report.

 	Add configurable caching for arbitrary RR-types.
@@ -161,7 +306,7 @@ version 2.90
 	Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE for finding this vulnerability.

 	CVE 2023-50387 and CVE 2023-50868 apply.
-	Note that the is a security vulnerablity only when DNSSEC validation
+	Note that this a security vulnerability only when DNSSEC validation
 	is enabled.
 	
 	Fix memory-leak when attempting to cache SRV records with zero TTL.
@@ -247,7 +392,7 @@ version 2.88
 	upstream servers from /etc/resolv.conf or other sources that
 	can change dnsmasq tries to avoid memory fragmentation by re-using
 	existing records that are being re-read unchanged. This involves
-	seaching all the server records for each new one installed.
+	searching all the server records for each new one installed.
 	During startup this search is pointless, and can cause long
 	start times with thousands of --server options because the work
 	needed is O(n^2). Handle this case more intelligently.
@@ -310,7 +455,7 @@ version 2.87

 	Enhance --domain to accept, for instance,
 	--domain=net2.thekelleys.org.uk,eth2 so that hosts get a domain
-	which relects the interface they are attached to in a way which
+	which reflects the interface they are attached to in a way which
 	doesn't require hard-coding addresses. Thanks to Sten Spans for
 	the idea.

@@ -684,22 +829,22 @@ version 2.80
        but those which used the default of no checking will need to be
        altered to explicitly select no checking. The new default is
        because switching off checking for unsigned replies is
-	inherently dangerous. Not only does it open the possiblity of forged
+	inherently dangerous. Not only does it open the possibility of forged
        replies, but it allows everything to appear to be working even
        when the upstream namesevers do not support DNSSEC, and in this
-        case no DNSSEC validation at all is occuring.
+        case no DNSSEC validation at all is occurring.

        Fix DHCP broken-ness when --no-ping AND --dhcp-sequential-ip
 	are set. Thanks to Daniel Miess for help with this.

-	Add a facilty to store DNS packets sent/recieved in a
+	Add a facility to store DNS packets sent/received in a
 	pcap-format file for later debugging. The file location
 	is given by the --dumpfile option, and a bitmap controlling
 	which packets should be dumped is given by the --dumpmask
 	option.

 	Handle the case of both standard and constructed dhcp-ranges on the
-	same interface better. We don't now contruct a dhcp-range if there's
+	same interface better. We don't now construct a dhcp-range if there's
 	already one specified. This allows the specified interface to
 	have different parameters and avoids advertising the same
 	prefix twice. Thanks to Luis Marsano for spotting this case.
@@ -1169,7 +1314,7 @@ version 2.73

 	Use inotify for checking on updates to /etc/resolv.conf and
 	friends under Linux. This fixes race conditions when the files are 
-	updated rapidly and saves CPU by noy polling. To build
+	updated rapidly and saves CPU by not polling. To build
 	a binary that runs on old Linux kernels without inotify,
 	use make COPTS=-DNO_INOTIFY

@@ -1509,7 +1654,7 @@ version 2.68
 	are dynamic and works much better than the previous
 	work-around which exempted constructed DHCP ranges from the
 	IP address filtering. As a consequence, that work-around
-	is removed. Under certain circumstances, this change wil
+	is removed. Under certain circumstances, this change will
 	break existing configuration: if you're relying on the
 	constructed-range exception, you need to change --auth-zone
 	to specify the same interface as is used to construct your
@@ -1966,7 +2111,7 @@ version 2.61

 	Set the environment variable DNSMASQ_LOG_DHCP when running
 	the script id --log-dhcp is in effect, so that script can
-	taylor their logging verbosity. Suggestion from Malte
+	tailor their logging verbosity. Suggestion from Malte
 	Forkel.

 	Arrange that addresses specified with --listen-address
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+# dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley
 #
 #  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 #  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -0,0 +1,695 @@
+/* leasequery is Copyright (c) 2025 Simon Kelley
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 dated June, 1991, or
+   (at your option) version 3 dated 29 June, 2007.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+/* Author's email: simon@thekelleys.org.uk */
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/capability.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+typedef unsigned char u8;
+typedef unsigned short u16;
+typedef unsigned int u32;
+typedef unsigned long long u64;
+
+#define INADDRSZ        4
+#define ADDRSTRLEN      46
+
+#define option_len(opt) ((int)(((unsigned char *)(opt))[1]))
+#define option_ptr(opt, i) ((void *)&(((unsigned char *)(opt))[2u+(unsigned int)(i)]))
+
+#define DHCP_CHADDR_MAX  16
+#define DHCP_SERVER_PORT 67
+#define DHCP_CLIENT_PORT 68
+#define BOOTREQUEST      1
+#define BOOTREPLY        2
+
+#define DHCP_COOKIE              0x63825363
+
+#define DHCPLEASEQUERY          10
+#define DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED     11
+#define DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN        12
+#define DHCPLEASEACTIVE         13
+
+#define OPTION_END               255
+#define OPTION_ROUTER            3
+#define OPTION_VENDOR_CLASS_OPT  43
+#define OPTION_LEASE_TIME        51
+#define OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE      53
+#define OPTION_SERVER_IDENTIFIER 54
+#define OPTION_REQUESTED_OPTIONS 55
+#define OPTION_VENDOR_ID         60
+#define OPTION_CLIENT_ID         61
+
+/* flags in top of length field for DHCP-option tables */
+#define OT_ADDR_LIST    0x8000
+#define OT_RFC1035_NAME 0x4000
+#define OT_INTERNAL     0x2000
+#define OT_NAME         0x1000
+#define OT_CSTRING      0x0800
+#define OT_DEC          0x0400 
+#define OT_TIME         0x0200
+
+#define GETSHORT(s, cp) do { \
+	unsigned char *t_cp = (unsigned char *)(cp); \
+	(s) = ((u16)t_cp[0] << 8) \
+	    | ((u16)t_cp[1]) \
+	    ; \
+	(cp) += 2; \
+  } while(0)
+
+#define GETLONG(l, cp) do { \
+	unsigned char *t_cp = (unsigned char *)(cp); \
+	(l) = ((u32)t_cp[0] << 24) \
+	    | ((u32)t_cp[1] << 16) \
+	    | ((u32)t_cp[2] << 8) \
+	    | ((u32)t_cp[3]) \
+	    ; \
+	(cp) += 4; \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define PUTSHORT(s, cp) do { \
+	u16 t_s = (u16)(s); \
+	unsigned char *t_cp = (unsigned char *)(cp); \
+	*t_cp++ = t_s >> 8; \
+	*t_cp   = t_s; \
+	(cp) += 2; \
+  } while(0)
+
+#define PUTLONG(l, cp) do { \
+	u32 t_l = (u32)(l); \
+	unsigned char *t_cp = (unsigned char *)(cp); \
+	*t_cp++ = t_l >> 24; \
+	*t_cp++ = t_l >> 16; \
+	*t_cp++ = t_l >> 8; \
+	*t_cp   = t_l; \
+	(cp) += 4; \
+  } while (0)
+
+union all_addr {
+  struct in_addr addr4;
+  struct in6_addr addr6;
+};
+  
+struct dhcp_packet_with_opts{
+  struct dhcp_packet {
+    unsigned char op, htype, hlen, hops;
+    unsigned int xid;
+    unsigned short secs, flags;
+    struct in_addr ciaddr, yiaddr, siaddr, giaddr;
+    unsigned char chaddr[DHCP_CHADDR_MAX], sname[64], file[128];
+  } header;
+  unsigned char options[312];
+};
+
+static const struct opttab_t {
+  char *name;
+  u16 val, size;
+} opttab[] = {
+  { "netmask", 1, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "time-offset", 2, 4 },
+  { "router", 3, OT_ADDR_LIST  },
+  { "dns-server", 6, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "log-server", 7, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "lpr-server", 9, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "hostname", 12, OT_INTERNAL | OT_NAME },
+  { "boot-file-size", 13, 2 | OT_DEC },
+  { "domain-name", 15, OT_NAME },
+  { "swap-server", 16, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "root-path", 17, OT_NAME },
+  { "extension-path", 18, OT_NAME },
+  { "ip-forward-enable", 19, 1 },
+  { "non-local-source-routing", 20, 1 },
+  { "policy-filter", 21, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "max-datagram-reassembly", 22, 2 | OT_DEC },
+  { "default-ttl", 23, 1 | OT_DEC },
+  { "mtu", 26, 2 | OT_DEC },
+  { "all-subnets-local", 27, 1 },
+  { "broadcast", 28, OT_INTERNAL | OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "router-discovery", 31, 1 },
+  { "router-solicitation", 32, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "static-route", 33, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "trailer-encapsulation", 34, 1 },
+  { "arp-timeout", 35, 4 | OT_DEC },
+  { "ethernet-encap", 36, 1 },
+  { "tcp-ttl", 37, 1 },
+  { "tcp-keepalive", 38, 4 | OT_DEC },
+  { "nis-domain", 40, OT_NAME },
+  { "nis-server", 41, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "ntp-server", 42, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "vendor-encap", 43, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "netbios-ns", 44, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "netbios-dd", 45, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "netbios-nodetype", 46, 1 },
+  { "netbios-scope", 47, 0 },
+  { "x-windows-fs", 48, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "x-windows-dm", 49, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "requested-address", 50, OT_INTERNAL | OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "lease-time", 51, OT_INTERNAL | OT_TIME },
+  { "option-overload", 52, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "message-type", 53, OT_INTERNAL | OT_DEC },
+  { "server-identifier", 54, OT_INTERNAL | OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "parameter-request", 55, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "message", 56, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "max-message-size", 57, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "T1", 58, OT_TIME},
+  { "T2", 59, OT_TIME},
+  { "vendor-class", 60, OT_NAME },
+  { "client-id", 61, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "nis+-domain", 64, OT_NAME },
+  { "nis+-server", 65, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "tftp-server", 66, OT_NAME },
+  { "bootfile-name", 67, OT_NAME },
+  { "mobile-ip-home", 68, OT_ADDR_LIST }, 
+  { "smtp-server", 69, OT_ADDR_LIST }, 
+  { "pop3-server", 70, OT_ADDR_LIST }, 
+  { "nntp-server", 71, OT_ADDR_LIST }, 
+  { "irc-server", 74, OT_ADDR_LIST }, 
+  { "user-class", 77, 0 },
+  { "rapid-commit", 80, 0 },
+  { "FQDN", 81, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "agent-info", 82, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "last-transaction", 91, 4 | OT_TIME },
+  { "associated-ip", 92, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "client-arch", 93, 2 | OT_DEC },
+  { "client-interface-id", 94, 0 },
+  { "client-machine-id", 97, 0 },
+  { "posix-timezone", 100, OT_NAME }, /* RFC 4833, Sec. 2 */
+  { "tzdb-timezone", 101, OT_NAME }, /* RFC 4833, Sec. 2 */
+  { "ipv6-only", 108, 4 | OT_DEC },  /* RFC 8925 */ 
+  { "subnet-select", 118, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "domain-search", 119, OT_RFC1035_NAME },
+  { "sip-server", 120, 0 },
+  { "classless-static-route", 121, 0 },
+  { "vendor-id-encap", 125, 0 },
+  { "tftp-server-address", 150, OT_ADDR_LIST },
+  { "server-ip-address", 255, OT_ADDR_LIST }, /* special, internal only, sets siaddr */
+  { NULL, 0, 0 }
+};
+
+static void prettyprint_time(char *buf, unsigned int t);
+static char *print_mac(char *buff, unsigned char *mac, int len);
+
+int lookup_dhcp_opt(char *name)
+{
+  const struct opttab_t *t = opttab;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; t[i].name; i++)
+    if (strcasecmp(t[i].name, name) == 0)
+      return t[i].val;
+  
+  return -1;
+}
+
+char *option_string(unsigned int opt, unsigned char *val, int opt_len, char *buf, int buf_len)
+{
+  int o, i, j, nodecode = 0;
+  const struct opttab_t *ot = opttab;
+  char addrbuff[ADDRSTRLEN];
+  
+  for (o = 0; ot[o].name; o++)
+    if (ot[o].val == opt)
+      {
+	if (buf)
+	  {
+	    memset(buf, 0, buf_len);
+	    
+	    if (ot[o].size & OT_ADDR_LIST) 
+	      {
+		union all_addr addr;
+		int addr_len = INADDRSZ;
+
+		for (buf[0]= 0, i = 0; i <= opt_len - addr_len; i += addr_len) 
+		  {
+		    if (i != 0)
+		      strncat(buf, ", ", buf_len - strlen(buf));
+		    /* align */
+		    memcpy(&addr, &val[i], addr_len); 
+		    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &val[i], addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+		    strncat(buf, addrbuff, buf_len - strlen(buf));
+		  }
+	      }
+	    else if (ot[o].size & OT_NAME)
+		for (i = 0, j = 0; i < opt_len && j < buf_len ; i++)
+		  {
+		    char c = val[i];
+		    if (isprint((unsigned char)c))
+		      buf[j++] = c;
+		  }
+	    else if ((ot[o].size & (OT_DEC | OT_TIME)) && opt_len != 0)
+	      {
+		unsigned int dec = 0;
+		
+		for (i = 0; i < opt_len; i++)
+		  dec = (dec << 8) | val[i]; 
+
+		if (ot[o].size & OT_TIME)
+		  prettyprint_time(buf, dec);
+		else
+		  sprintf(buf, "%u", dec);
+	      }
+	    else
+	      nodecode = 1;
+	  }
+	break;
+      }
+
+  if (opt_len != 0 && buf && (!ot[o].name || nodecode))
+    {
+      int trunc  = 0;
+      if (opt_len > 14)
+	{
+	  trunc = 1;
+	  opt_len = 14;
+	}
+      print_mac(buf, val, opt_len);
+      if (trunc)
+	strncat(buf, "...", buf_len - strlen(buf));
+    
+
+    }
+
+  return ot[o].name ? ot[o].name : "";
+
+}
+
+static void prettyprint_time(char *buf, unsigned int t)
+{
+  if (t == 0xffffffff)
+    sprintf(buf, "infinite");
+  else
+    {
+      unsigned int x, p = 0;
+       if ((x = t/86400))
+	p += sprintf(&buf[p], "%ud", x);
+       if ((x = (t/3600)%24))
+	p += sprintf(&buf[p], "%uh", x);
+      if ((x = (t/60)%60))
+	p += sprintf(&buf[p], "%um", x);
+      if ((x = t%60))
+	sprintf(&buf[p], "%us", x);
+    }
+}
+
+static char *print_mac(char *buff, unsigned char *mac, int len)
+{
+  char *p = buff;
+  int i;
+   
+  if (len == 0)
+    sprintf(p, "<null>");
+  else
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+      p += sprintf(p, "%.2x%s", mac[i], (i == len - 1) ? "" : ":");
+  
+  return buff;
+}
+
+static unsigned char *dhcp_skip_opts(struct dhcp_packet_with_opts *pktp)
+{
+  unsigned char *start = (unsigned char *)(((unsigned int *)&pktp->options[0]) + 1);
+  while (*start != 0)
+    start += start[1] + 2;
+  return start;
+}
+
+static unsigned char *dhcp_find_opt(struct dhcp_packet_with_opts *pktp, int optno)
+{
+  unsigned char *start = (unsigned char *)(((unsigned int *)&pktp->options[0]) + 1);
+  while (*start != OPTION_END)
+    {
+      if (*start == optno)
+	return start;
+      start += start[1] + 2;
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static void option_put(struct dhcp_packet_with_opts *pktp, int opt, int len, unsigned int val)
+{
+  int i;
+  unsigned char *p = dhcp_skip_opts(pktp);
+  
+  if (p) 
+    {
+      *p++ = opt;
+      *p++ = len;
+      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+      *(p++) = val >> (8 * (len - (i + 1)));
+    }
+}
+
+static void option_put_string(struct dhcp_packet_with_opts *pktp, int opt, 
+			      const char *string, int null_term)
+{
+  unsigned char *p;
+  size_t len = strlen(string);
+
+  if (null_term && len != 255)
+    len++;
+
+  if ((p = dhcp_skip_opts(pktp)))
+    {
+      *p++ = opt;
+      *p++ = len;
+      memcpy(p, string, len);
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* in may equal out, when maxlen may be -1 (No max len). 
+   Return -1 for extraneous no-hex chars found. */
+int parse_hex(char *in, unsigned char *out, int maxlen, 
+	      unsigned int *wildcard_mask, int *mac_type)
+{
+  int done = 0, mask = 0, i = 0;
+  char *r;
+    
+  if (mac_type)
+    *mac_type = 0;
+  
+  while (!done && (maxlen == -1 || i < maxlen))
+    {
+      for (r = in; *r != 0 && *r != ':' && *r != '-' && *r != ' '; r++)
+	if (*r != '*' && !isxdigit((unsigned char)*r))
+	  return -1;
+      
+      if (*r == 0)
+	done = 1;
+      
+      if (r != in )
+	{
+	  if (*r == '-' && i == 0 && mac_type)
+	   {
+	      *r = 0;
+	      *mac_type = strtol(in, NULL, 16);
+	      mac_type = NULL;
+	   }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      *r = 0;
+	      if (strcmp(in, "*") == 0)
+		{
+		  mask = (mask << 1) | 1;
+		  i++;
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  int j, bytes = (1 + (r - in))/2;
+		  for (j = 0; j < bytes; j++)
+		    { 
+		      char sav;
+		      if (j < bytes - 1)
+			{
+			  sav = in[(j+1)*2];
+			  in[(j+1)*2] = 0;
+			}
+		      /* checks above allow mix of hexdigit and *, which
+			 is illegal. */
+		      if (strchr(&in[j*2], '*'))
+			return -1;
+		      out[i] = strtol(&in[j*2], NULL, 16);
+		      mask = mask << 1;
+		      if (++i == maxlen)
+			break; 
+		      if (j < bytes - 1)
+			in[(j+1)*2] = sav;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+      in = r+1;
+    }
+  
+  if (wildcard_mask)
+    *wildcard_mask = mask;
+
+  return i;
+}
+
+static char *split_chr(char *s, char c)
+{
+  char *comma, *p;
+
+  if (!s || !(comma = strchr(s, c)))
+    return NULL;
+  
+  p = comma;
+  *comma = ' ';
+  
+  for (; *comma == ' '; comma++);
+  
+  for (; (p >= s) && *p == ' '; p--)
+    *p = 0;
+  
+  return comma;
+}
+
+static char *split(char *s)
+{
+  return split_chr(s, ',');
+}
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  int fd;
+  struct ifreq ifr;
+  struct in_addr iface_addr, server_addr, lease_addr;
+  struct dhcp_packet_with_opts pkt;
+  struct sockaddr_in saddr;
+  unsigned char *p;
+  ssize_t sz;
+  unsigned char mac[DHCP_CHADDR_MAX], clid[256], req_options[256];
+  char buff[500];
+  int clid_len = 0, mac_len = 0, mac_type = 0, opts_len = 0;
+  unsigned short port = DHCP_SERVER_PORT;
+  unsigned int xid;
+  struct timeval tv;
+  
+  gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+  srand(tv.tv_usec);
+  xid = rand();
+  server_addr.s_addr = lease_addr.s_addr = iface_addr.s_addr = 0;
+  
+  if ((fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1)
+    {
+      perror("leasequery: cannot create socket");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  
+  while (1)
+    {
+      int option = getopt(argc, argv, "i:s:l:m:c:p:r:");
+
+      if (option == -1)
+	break;
+      
+      switch (option) 
+	{
+	default:
+	  fprintf(stderr,
+		  "-p <port>             port on DHCP server.\n"
+		  "-i <interface>        exit interface to DHCP server.\n"
+		  "-s <inet-addr>        DHCP server address.\n"
+		  "-l <inet-addr>        Query lease by IP address.\n"
+		  "-m <MAC-addr>         Query lease by MAC address.\n"
+		  "-c <hex>              Query lease by client-id.\n"
+		  "-r <name>|<int>[,...] List of options to return.\n");
+	  exit(1);
+		  		  
+	case 'p':
+	  port = atoi(optarg);
+	  break;
+	  
+	case 'i':
+	  strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, optarg, IF_NAMESIZE);
+	   ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET;
+	   if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1)
+	    {
+	      perror("leasequery: cannot get interface address");
+	      exit(1);
+	    }
+
+	  iface_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) &ifr.ifr_addr)->sin_addr;
+	  break;
+
+	case 's':
+	  if (inet_pton(AF_INET, optarg, &server_addr) <= 0)
+	    {
+	      fprintf(stderr, "leasequery: bad server address\n");
+	      exit(1);
+	    }
+	  break;
+
+	case 'l':
+	  if (inet_pton(AF_INET, optarg, &lease_addr) <= 0)
+	    {
+	      fprintf(stderr, "leasequery: bad lease address\n");
+	      exit(1);
+	    }
+	  break;
+
+	case 'm':
+	  mac_type = 1; /* default ethernet */
+	  mac_len = parse_hex(optarg, mac, DHCP_CHADDR_MAX, NULL, &mac_type);
+	  if (!mac_type)
+	    mac_type  = 1; /* default ethernet */
+	  break;
+
+	case 'c':
+	  clid_len = parse_hex(optarg, clid, 256, NULL, NULL);
+	  break;
+
+	case 'r':
+	  {
+	    char *comma;
+	    int opt;
+	    
+	    while (optarg)
+	      {
+		comma = split(optarg);
+		
+		if ((opt = lookup_dhcp_opt(optarg)) != -1 || (opt = atoi(optarg)) != 0) 
+		  req_options[opts_len++] = opt;
+		
+		optarg = comma;
+	      }
+	    
+	    break;
+	  }
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (!server_addr.s_addr)
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "leasequery: no server address\n");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    
+  memset(&pkt, 0, sizeof pkt);
+  pkt.header.op = BOOTREQUEST;
+  pkt.header.xid = xid;
+  pkt.header.ciaddr = lease_addr;
+  pkt.header.hlen = mac_len;
+  pkt.header.htype = mac_type;
+  memcpy(pkt.header.chaddr, mac, mac_len);
+  *((unsigned int *)&pkt.options[0]) = htonl(DHCP_COOKIE);
+
+  /* Dnsmasq extension. */
+  pkt.header.giaddr.s_addr = iface_addr.s_addr ? iface_addr.s_addr : INADDR_BROADCAST;
+    
+  option_put(&pkt, OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE, 1, DHCPLEASEQUERY);
+  
+  if (clid_len != 0)
+    {
+      p = dhcp_skip_opts(&pkt);
+      *p++ = OPTION_CLIENT_ID;
+      *p++ = clid_len;
+      memcpy(p, clid, clid_len);
+    }
+  
+  if (opts_len != 0)
+    {
+      p = dhcp_skip_opts(&pkt); 
+      *p++ = OPTION_REQUESTED_OPTIONS;
+      *p++ = opts_len;
+      memcpy(p, req_options, opts_len);
+    }
+  
+  if (iface_addr.s_addr)
+    {
+      saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+      saddr.sin_port = htons(port);
+      saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = iface_addr.s_addr;
+      
+      if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)))
+	{
+	  perror("leasequery: cannot bind DHCP server socket");
+	  exit(1);
+	}
+    }
+	  
+  saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  saddr.sin_port = htons(port);
+  saddr.sin_addr = server_addr;
+
+  while((sz = sendto(fd, &pkt, dhcp_skip_opts(&pkt) - ((unsigned char *)&pkt), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr))) == -1 &&
+	errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (sz == -1)
+    {
+      perror("leasequery: sendto()");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  
+  sz = recv(fd, &pkt, sizeof(pkt), 0);
+
+  if (sz == -1)
+    {
+      perror("leasequery: recv()");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  
+  if (sz >= sizeof(pkt.header) &&
+      pkt.header.op == BOOTREPLY &&
+      (p = dhcp_find_opt(&pkt, OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE)) &&
+      pkt.header.xid == xid)
+    {
+      if (p[2] == DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED)
+	printf("UNASSIGNED\n");
+      else if (p[2] == DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN)
+	printf("UNKNOWN\n");
+      else if (p[2] == DHCPLEASEACTIVE)
+	{
+	  print_mac(buff, pkt.header.chaddr, pkt.header.hlen);
+	  printf("ACTIVE %s %s\n", inet_ntoa(pkt.header.ciaddr), buff);
+      
+	  p = (unsigned char *)(((unsigned int *)&pkt.options[0]) + 1);
+	  
+	  while (*p != OPTION_END)
+	    {
+	      if (*p != OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE)
+		{
+		  char *optname = option_string(p[0], option_ptr(p, 0), option_len(p), buff, 500);
+		  
+		  printf("size:%3d option:%3d %s  %s\n", option_len(p), p[0], optname, buff);
+		}
+	      p += p[1] + 2;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+submodules/dnsmasq-debian/debian
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@

 # Replies which are not DNSSEC signed may be legitimate, because the domain
 # is unsigned, or may be forgeries. Setting this option tells dnsmasq to
-# check that an unsigned reply is OK, by finding a secure proof that a DS 
-# record somewhere between the root and the domain does not exist. 
+# check that an unsigned reply is OK, by finding a secure proof that a DS
+# record somewhere between the root and the domain does not exist.
 # The cost of setting this is that even queries in unsigned domains will need
 # one or more extra DNS queries to verify.
 #dnssec-check-unsigned
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@
 #dhcp-range=1234::2, 1234::500, 64, 12h

 # Do Router Advertisements, BUT NOT DHCP for this subnet.
-#dhcp-range=1234::, ra-only 
+#dhcp-range=1234::, ra-only

 # Do Router Advertisements, BUT NOT DHCP for this subnet, also try and
-# add names to the DNS for the IPv6 address of SLAAC-configured dual-stack 
-# hosts. Use the DHCPv4 lease to derive the name, network segment and 
+# add names to the DNS for the IPv6 address of SLAAC-configured dual-stack
+# hosts. Use the DHCPv4 lease to derive the name, network segment and
 # MAC address and assume that the host will also have an
 # IPv6 address calculated using the SLAAC algorithm.
 #dhcp-range=1234::, ra-names
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@
 #dhcp-range=1234::, ra-stateless, ra-names

 # Do router advertisements for all subnets where we're doing DHCPv6
-# Unless overridden by ra-stateless, ra-names, et al, the router 
+# Unless overridden by ra-stateless, ra-names, et al, the router
 # advertisements will have the M and O bits set, so that the clients
-# get addresses and configuration from DHCPv6, and the A bit reset, so the 
+# get addresses and configuration from DHCPv6, and the A bit reset, so the
 # clients don't use SLAAC addresses.
 #enable-ra

@@ -295,11 +295,11 @@
 # any machine with Ethernet address starting 11:22:33:
 #dhcp-host=11:22:33:*:*:*,set:red

-# Give a fixed IPv6 address and name to client with 
+# Give a fixed IPv6 address and name to client with
 # DUID 00:01:00:01:16:d2:83:fc:92:d4:19:e2:d8:b2
 # Note the MAC addresses CANNOT be used to identify DHCPv6 clients.
 # Note also that the [] around the IPv6 address are obligatory.
-#dhcp-host=id:00:01:00:01:16:d2:83:fc:92:d4:19:e2:d8:b2, fred, [1234::5] 
+#dhcp-host=id:00:01:00:01:16:d2:83:fc:92:d4:19:e2:d8:b2, fred, [1234::5]

 # Ignore any clients which are not specified in dhcp-host lines
 # or /etc/ethers. Equivalent to ISC "deny unknown-clients".
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
 # Send DHCPv6 option. Note [] around IPv6 addresses.
 #dhcp-option=option6:dns-server,[1234::77],[1234::88]

-# Send DHCPv6 option for namservers as the machine running 
+# Send DHCPv6 option for namservers as the machine running
 # dnsmasq and another.
 #dhcp-option=option6:dns-server,[::],[1234::88]

@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
 # Set the DHCP server to enable DHCPv4 Rapid Commit Option per RFC 4039.
 # In this mode it will respond to a DHCPDISCOVER message including a Rapid Commit
 # option with a DHCPACK including a Rapid Commit option and fully committed address
-# and configuration information. This must only be enabled if either the server is 
+# and configuration information. This must only be enabled if either the server is
 # the only server for the subnet, or multiple servers are present and they each
 # commit a binding for all clients.
 #dhcp-rapid-commit
@@ -95,7 +95,5 @@ a contribution towards my expenses, please use the donation button below.
 <input type="image" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/GB/i/btn/btn_donateCC_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" alt="PayPal – The safer, easier way to pay online.">
 <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_GB/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1">
 </form>
-
-
 </BODY>
-
+</HTML>
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.TH DNSMASQ 8 2021-08-16
+.TH DNSMASQ 8 2025-02-05
 .SH NAME
 dnsmasq \- A lightweight DHCP and caching DNS server.
 .SH SYNOPSIS
@@ -134,7 +134,10 @@ only, to stop dnsmasq daemonising in production, use
 Log the results of DNS queries handled by dnsmasq. Enable a full cache dump on receipt of SIGUSR1. If the argument "extra" is supplied, ie
 .B --log-queries=extra
 then the log has extra information at the start of each line.
-This consists of a serial number which ties together the log lines associated with an individual query, and the IP address of the requestor. If the argument "proto" is supplied, this shows everything that "extra" does and also the network protocol used to communicate the queries.
+This consists of a serial number which ties together the log lines associated with an individual query, and the IP address of the requestor. If the argument "proto" is supplied, this shows everything that "extra" does and also the network protocol used to communicate the queries. Logging of only queries to the authoritative server can be configured with
+.B --log-queries=auth
+and logging only failed replies (Error, NXDOMAIN or NODATA) can be configured with
+.B --log-queries=only_failed
 .TP
 .B \-8, --log-facility=<facility>
 Set the facility to which dnsmasq will send syslog entries, this
@@ -345,6 +348,10 @@ Bogus private reverse lookups. All reverse lookups for private IP ranges (ie 192
 which are not found in /etc/hosts or the DHCP leases file are answered
 with "no such domain" rather than being forwarded upstream. The 
 set of prefixes affected is the list given in RFC6303, for IPv4 and IPv6.
+Enabling this also subtly alters DNSSEC validation for reverse lookups in the
+private ranges such that a non-secure DS record is accepted as proof that
+the range is not signed. This works around behaviour by the public DNS services
+which seem not to return validated proof-of-non-existence for DS records in these domains.
 .TP
 .B \-V, --alias=[<old-ip>]|[<start-ip>-<end-ip>],<new-ip>[,<mask>]
 Modify IPv4 addresses returned from upstream nameservers; old-ip is
@@ -498,10 +505,7 @@ xxx.internal.thekelleys.org.uk at 192.168.1.1 then giving  the flag
 .B --server=/internal.thekelleys.org.uk/192.168.1.1
 will send all queries for
 internal machines to that nameserver, everything else will go to the
-servers in /etc/resolv.conf. DNSSEC validation is turned off for such
-private nameservers, UNLESS a
-.B --trust-anchor
-is specified for the domain in question. An empty domain specification,
+servers in /etc/resolv.conf. An empty domain specification,
 .B // 
 has the special meaning of "unqualified names only" ie names without any
 dots in them. A non-standard port may be specified as 
@@ -671,7 +675,7 @@ machine on which dnsmasq is running) for each
 local machine. Local machines are those in /etc/hosts or with DHCP
 leases.
 .TP
-.B \-W, --srv-host=<_service>.<_prot>.[<domain>],[<target>[,<port>[,<priority>[,<weight>]]]]
+.B \-W, --srv-host=<_service>.<_prot>[.<domain>],[<target>[,<port>[,<priority>[,<weight>]]]]
 Return a SRV DNS record. See RFC2782 for details. If not supplied, the
 domain defaults to that given by
 .B --domain.
@@ -852,6 +856,18 @@ name on successive queries, for load-balancing. This turns off that
 behaviour, so that the records are always returned in the order
 that they are received from upstream.
 .TP
+.B --do-0x20-encode, --no-0x20-encode
+Dnsmasq can scramble the case of letters in DNS queries it sends upstream as a security feature.
+This technique can interact badly with rare broken DNS servers which don't preserve the case
+of the query in their reply. The first time a reply is returned
+which matches the query in all respects except case, a warning
+will be logged. If this coincides with DNS not functioning, it
+is necessary to disable the feature. As at version 2.91, 0x20 encoding
+is disabled by default, and must be enabled with --do-0x20-encode. The default
+may change in the future, so to be sure of its status after an upgrade, set --do-0x20-encode
+or --no-0x20-encode in your config. --no-0x20-encode overrides --do-x20-encode or a future default
+0x20-encode enable.
+.TP
 .B --use-stale-cache[=<max TTL excess in s>]
 When set, if a DNS name exists in the cache, but its time-to-live has expired, dnsmasq will return the data anyway. (It attempts to refresh the
 data with an upstream query after returning the stale data.) This can improve speed and reliability. It comes at the expense
@@ -864,7 +880,7 @@ Set the maximum number of concurrent DNS queries. The default value is
 150, which should be fine for most setups. The only known situation
 where this needs to be increased is when using web-server log file
 resolvers, which can generate large numbers of concurrent queries. This
-parameter actually controls the number of concurrent queries per server group, where a server group is the set of server(s) associated with a single domain. So if a domain has it's own server via --server=/example.com/1.2.3.4 and 1.2.3.4 is not responding, but queries for *.example.com cannot go elsewhere, then other queries will not be affected. On configurations with many such server groups and tight resources, this value may need to be reduced.
+parameter actually controls the number of concurrent queries per server group, where a server group is the set of server(s) associated with a single domain. So if a domain has its own server via --server=/example.com/1.2.3.4 and 1.2.3.4 is not responding, but queries for *.example.com cannot go elsewhere, then other queries will not be affected. On configurations with many such server groups and tight resources, this value may need to be reduced.
 .TP
 .B --dnssec
 Validate DNS replies and cache DNSSEC data. When forwarding DNS queries, dnsmasq requests the 
@@ -882,12 +898,15 @@ ie capable of returning DNSSEC records with data. If they are not,
 then dnsmasq will not be able to determine the trusted status of
 answers and this means that DNS service will be entirely broken.
 .TP
-.B --trust-anchor=[<class>],<domain>,<key-tag>,<algorithm>,<digest-type>,<digest>
+.B --trust-anchor=<domain>,[<class>,][<key-tag>,<algorithm>,<digest-type>,<digest>]
 Provide DS records to act a trust anchors for DNSSEC
-validation. Typically these will be the DS record(s) for Key Signing
+validation. The class defaults to IN. Typically these will be the DS record(s) for Key Signing
 key(s) (KSK) of the root zone,
-but trust anchors for limited domains are also possible. The current
-root-zone trust anchors may be downloaded from https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml 
+but trust anchors for limited domains are also possible.
+A negative trust anchor (ie. proof that a DS record doesn't exist) may be configured be specifying
+only the name or only the name and class. This can be useful for forcing dnsmasq to treat zones delegated
+using \fB--server=/<domain>/<ip-address>\fP as unsigned. The current
+root-zone trust anchors may be downloaded from https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml
 .TP
 .B --dnssec-check-unsigned[=no]
 As a default, dnsmasq checks that unsigned DNS replies are
@@ -901,7 +920,7 @@ fast.

 Versions of dnsmasq prior to 2.80 defaulted to not checking unsigned replies, and used 
 .B --dnssec-check-unsigned
-to switch this on. Such configurations will continue to work as before, but those which used the default of no checking will need to be altered to explicitly select no checking. The new default is because switching off checking for unsigned replies is inherently dangerous. Not only does it open the possiblity of forged replies, but it allows everything to appear to be working even when the upstream namesevers do not support DNSSEC, and in this case no DNSSEC validation at all is occurring.
+to switch this on. Such configurations will continue to work as before, but those which used the default of no checking will need to be altered to explicitly select no checking. The new default is because switching off checking for unsigned replies is inherently dangerous. Not only does it open the possibility of forged replies, but it allows everything to appear to be working even when the upstream namesevers do not support DNSSEC, and in this case no DNSSEC validation at all is occurring.
 .TP
 .B --dnssec-no-timecheck
 DNSSEC signatures are only valid for specified time windows, and should be rejected outside those windows. This generates an
@@ -1180,7 +1199,7 @@ the appropriate network part inserted. For IPv6, an address may include a prefix
 which (in this case) specifies four addresses, 1234::50 to 1234::53. This (an the ability
 to specify multiple addresses) is useful
 when a host presents either a consistent name or hardware-ID, but varying DUIDs, since it allows
-dnsmasq to honour the static address allocation but assign a different adddress for each DUID. This
+dnsmasq to honour the static address allocation but assign a different address for each DUID. This
 typically occurs when chain netbooting, as each stage of the chain gets in turn allocates an address.

 Note that in IPv6 DHCP, the hardware address may not be
@@ -1188,7 +1207,7 @@ available, though it normally is for direct-connected clients, or
 clients using DHCP relays which support RFC 6939.


-For DHCPv4, the  special option id:* means "ignore any client-id 
+For DHCPv4, the special option \fBid:*\fP means "ignore any client-id 
 and use MAC addresses only." This is useful when a client presents a client-id sometimes 
 but not others.

@@ -1216,36 +1235,34 @@ the result is undefined. A corollary to this is that the name associated with a
 does not appear in the DNS until the host obtains a DHCP lease.


-The special keyword "ignore"
-tells dnsmasq to never offer a DHCP lease to a machine. The machine
-can be specified by hardware address, client ID or hostname, for
-instance
-.B --dhcp-host=00:20:e0:3b:13:af,ignore
-This is
-useful when there is another DHCP server on the network which should
+The special keyword \fBignore\fP tells dnsmasq never to offer a DHCP lease
+to a machine. The machine
+can be specified by hardware address, client ID or hostname. For
+example: \fB--dhcp-host=00:20:e0:3b:13:af,ignore\fP. 
+This can be useful when there is another DHCP server on the network which should
 be used by some machines.

-The set:<tag> construct sets the tag
+The \fBset:<tag>\fP construct sets the tag
 whenever this \fB--dhcp-host\fP directive is in use. This can be used to
 selectively send DHCP options just for this host. More than one tag
 can be set in a \fB--dhcp-host\fP directive (but not in other places where
-"set:<tag>" is allowed). When a host matches any
+\fBset:<tag>\fP is allowed). When a host matches any
 \fB--dhcp-host\fP directive (or one implied by /etc/ethers) then the special
-tag "known" is set. This allows dnsmasq to be configured to
+tag \fBknown\fP is set. This allows dnsmasq to be configured to
 ignore requests from unknown machines using
-.B --dhcp-ignore=tag:!known
+\fB--dhcp-ignore=tag:!known\fP.
 If the host matches only a \fB--dhcp-host\fP directive which cannot
-be used because it specifies an address on different subnet, the tag "known-othernet" is set.
+be used because it specifies an address on a different subnet, the tag \fBknown-othernet\fP is set.

-The tag:<tag> construct filters which dhcp-host directives are used; more than
-one can be provided, in this case the request must match all of them. Tagged
+The \fBtag:<tag>\fP construct filters which dhcp-host directives are used. More than
+one tag can be provided. In this case, the request must match all tags. Tagged
 directives are used in preference to untagged ones. Note that one of <hwaddr>,
-<client_id> or <hostname> still needs to be specified (can be a wildcard).
+<client_id> or <hostname> still must be specified (can be a wildcard).

 Ethernet addresses (but not client-ids) may have
 wildcard bytes, so for example 
 .B --dhcp-host=00:20:e0:3b:13:*,ignore 
-will cause dnsmasq to ignore a range of hardware addresses. Note that
+will cause dnsmasq to ignore the given range of hardware addresses. Note that
 the "*" will need to be escaped or quoted on a command line, but not
 in the configuration file.

@@ -1259,11 +1276,11 @@ is 6.

 As a special case, in DHCPv4, it is possible to include more than one
 hardware address. eg:
-.B --dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,12:34:56:78:90:12,192.168.0.2
+\fB--dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,12:34:56:78:90:12,192.168.0.2\fP.
 This allows an IP address to be associated with
 multiple hardware addresses, and gives dnsmasq permission to abandon a
 DHCP lease to one of the hardware addresses when another one asks for
-a lease. Beware that this is a dangerous thing to do, it will only
+a lease. Beware that this is a dangerous thing to do: it will only
 work reliably if only one of the hardware addresses is active at any
 time and there is no way for dnsmasq to enforce this. It is, for instance,
 useful to allocate a stable IP address to a laptop which
@@ -1310,31 +1327,29 @@ options containing the same information. /etc/ethers is re-read when
 dnsmasq receives SIGHUP. IPv6 addresses are NOT read from /etc/ethers.
 .TP
 .B \-O, --dhcp-option=[tag:<tag>,[tag:<tag>,]][encap:<opt>,][vi-encap:<enterprise>,][vendor:[<vendor-class>],][<opt>|option:<opt-name>|option6:<opt>|option6:<opt-name>],[<value>[,<value>]]
-Specify different or extra options to DHCP clients. By default,
+Send various extra options to DHCP clients. By default,
 dnsmasq sends some standard options to DHCP clients, the netmask and
 broadcast address are set to the same as the host running dnsmasq, and
 the DNS server and default route are set to the address of the machine
 running dnsmasq. (Equivalent rules apply for IPv6.) If the domain name option has been set, that is sent.
 This configuration allows these defaults to be overridden,
-or other options specified. The option, to be sent may be given as a
-decimal number or as "option:<option-name>" The option numbers are
+or other options specified. The option to be sent may be given as a
+decimal number or as \fBoption:<option-name>\fP. 
+
+Option numbers are
 specified in RFC2132 and subsequent RFCs. The set of option-names
-known by dnsmasq can be discovered by running "dnsmasq --help dhcp".
-For example, to set the default route option to 
-192.168.4.4, do 
-.B --dhcp-option=3,192.168.4.4 
-or
-.B --dhcp-option = option:router, 192.168.4.4
-and to set the time-server address to 192.168.0.4, do
-.B --dhcp-option = 42,192.168.0.4 
-or 
-.B --dhcp-option = option:ntp-server, 192.168.0.4
-The special address 0.0.0.0 is taken to mean "the address of the
-machine running dnsmasq".
+known by dnsmasq can be discovered by running \fBdnsmasq --help dhcp\fP.
+For example, to set the default route option to 192.168.4.4, use 
+\fB--dhcp-option=3,192.168.4.4\fP or 
+\fB--dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.4.4\fP 
+and to set the time-server address to 192.168.0.4, use
+\fB--dhcp-option=42,192.168.0.4\fP or
+\fB--dhcp-option=option:ntp-server,192.168.0.4\fP.
+The special address 0.0.0.0 means "the address of the system running dnsmasq".

 An option without data is valid, and includes just the option without data.
 (There is only one option with a zero length data field currently defined for DHCPv4, 80:rapid commit, so this feature is not very useful in practice). Options for which dnsmasq normally
-provides default values can be ommitted by defining the option with no data. These are
+provides default values can be omitted by defining the option with no data. These are
 netmask, broadcast, router, DNS server, domainname and hostname. Thus, for DHCPv4
 .B --dhcp-option = option:router
 will result in no router option being sent, rather than the default of the host on which dnsmasq is running. For DHCPv6, the same is true of the options DNS server and refresh time.
@@ -1351,30 +1366,29 @@ to option 120 are handled as per RFC 3361. Dotted-quad IP addresses
 which are followed by a slash and then a netmask size are encoded as
 described in RFC 3442.

-IPv6 options are specified using the 
-.B option6:
+IPv6 options are specified using the \fBoption6:\fP
 keyword, followed by the option number or option name. The IPv6 option
 name space is disjoint from the IPv4 option name space. IPv6 addresses
 in options must be bracketed with square brackets, eg. 
-.B --dhcp-option=option6:ntp-server,[1234::56]
+\fB --dhcp-option=option6:ntp-server,[1234::56]\fP. 
 For IPv6, [::] means "the global address of
 the machine running dnsmasq", whilst [fd00::] is replaced with the
 ULA, if it exists, and [fe80::] with the link-local address.

-Be careful: no checking is done that the correct type of data for the
-option number is sent, it is quite possible to
-persuade dnsmasq to generate illegal DHCP packets with injudicious use
-of this flag. When the value is a decimal number, dnsmasq must determine how 
+Be careful: data-type suitability for the option number sent is not checked.
+It is quite possible to persuade dnsmasq to generate illegal DHCP packets with
+injudicious use of this flag. 
+When the value is a decimal number, dnsmasq must determine how 
 large the data item is. It does this by examining the option number and/or the
 value, but can be overridden by appending a single letter flag as follows:
 b = one byte, s = two bytes, i = four bytes. This is mainly useful with 
 encapsulated vendor class options (see below) where dnsmasq cannot
-determine data size from the  option number. Option data which
+determine data size from the option number. Option data which
 consists solely of periods and digits will be interpreted by dnsmasq
 as an IP address, and inserted into an option as such. To force a
 literal string, use quotes. For instance when using option 66 to send
-a literal IP address as TFTP server name, it is necessary to do
-.B --dhcp-option=66,"1.2.3.4"
+a literal IP address as TFTP server name, it is necessary to do 
+\fB--dhcp-option=66,"1.2.3.4"\fP.

 Encapsulated Vendor-class options may also be specified (IPv4 only) using
 \fB--dhcp-option\fP: for instance
@@ -1403,7 +1417,7 @@ Vendor Options" as specified by RFC3925. These are denoted like this:
 The number in the vi-encap: section is the IANA enterprise number
 used to identify this option. This form of encapsulation is supported
 in IPv6.
- 
+
 The address 0.0.0.0 is not treated specially in
 encapsulated options.
 .TP
@@ -1426,6 +1440,18 @@ DHCP options. This make extra space available in the DHCP packet for
 options but can, rarely, confuse old or broken clients. This flag
 forces "simple and safe" behaviour to avoid problems in such a case.
 .TP
+.B --leasequery[=<addr>[/<prefix>]]
+Enable RFC 4388 leasequery. The dnsmasq DHCP server will answer LEASEQUERY messages from DHCP relays
+when this option is given. If an address or subnet is given, only queries from a relay at that source are allowed. Repeat
+the --leasequery option to specify multiple allowed sources.
+To correctly answer lease queries it is necessary to store extra data in
+the lease database, and this is also enabled by the \fB--leasequery\fP option. The extra fields
+(agent-info and vendorclass) are stored in the leases file in a somewhat backwards compatible manner.
+Enabling and then disabling leasequery will not cause problems; the extra information will be aged
+out of the database. However, enabling leasequery in release 2.92 or later, storing leases
+which come via DHCP relays which add option-82 agent-info data, and then moving back to a pre-2.92 dnsmasq
+binary may cause problems reading the leases file. As of release 2.92, leasequery is only supported for DHCPv4.
+.TP
 .B --dhcp-relay=<local address>[,<server address>[#<server port>]][,<interface]
 Configure dnsmasq to do DHCP relay. The local address is an address
 allocated to an interface on the host running dnsmasq. All DHCP
@@ -1463,7 +1489,31 @@ DHCPv4 to a DHCPv6 server or vice-versa.
 The DHCP relay function for IPv6 includes the ability to snoop
 prefix-delegation from relayed DHCP transactions. See
 .B --dhcp-script
-for details. 
+for details.
+.TP
+.B --dhcp-split-relay=<local address>,[<server address>[#<server port>]],<server-facing-interface>|<server-facing-address>
+A usefully enhanced version of DHCPv4 relay. IPv4 DHCP normally uses a single address
+for two functions; it is used by the DHCP server to determine which network to allocate
+an address on, and it is used as the address of the relay to which the server sends packets.
+
+This version of DHCP relay splits these functions. It uses the address of the server-facing relay
+interface or a directly-specified address as the address that the server talks to. The address of the client-facing interface
+(the first item in the config) is used as to determine the client's subnet. The
+local address is also used as server-ID override so that the client always sends requests
+via the relay. The effect of this is that server doesn't require
+a route to the client network and the clients don't require a route to the server.
+
+The third parameter is mandatory. If it is an interface name it cannot be a wildcard and the same filtering as described in
+--dhcp-relay applies; answers from the server must arrve via the specified interface. If the third parameter
+is an IP address it must be an address of a local interface which is routable from the server; In this case no filtering
+is done, the reply packets can arrive via any route.
+
+If setting up a network where the client networks have limited routing, be careful
+about configuring the DHCP server. Dnsmasq, as DHCP server, will set the default route to the
+client-facing relay interface unless explicitly configured: that is a sensible default.
+The normal default DNS server (the same address as the DHCP server)
+will not be appropriate when there is no route bewteen the
+two, so this will have to be explicitly configured. 
 .TP
 .B \-U, --dhcp-vendorclass=set:<tag>,[enterprise:<IANA-enterprise number>,]<vendor-class>
 Map from a vendor-class string to a tag. Most DHCP clients provide a 
@@ -1529,45 +1579,47 @@ via relays. If a list of IP addresses is given, only interactions via
 relays at those addresses are affected.
 .TP
 .B --dhcp-match=set:<tag>,<option number>|option:<option name>|vi-encap:<enterprise>[,<value>]
-Without a value, set the tag if the client sends a DHCP
-option of the given number or name. When a value is given, set the tag only if
-the option is sent and matches the value. The value may be of the form
+Without \fB<value>\fP, set \fB<tag>\fP if the client sends a DHCP
+\fBoption\fP of the given number or name. With \fB<value>\fP, set \fB<tag>\fP only if
+the client sends the \fBoption\fP matching or containing \fB<value>\fP. 
+
+The value may be of the form
 "01:ff:*:02" in which case the value must match (apart from wildcards)
 but the option sent may have unmatched data past the end of the
 value. The value may also be of the same form as in 
 .B --dhcp-option
 in which case the option sent is treated as an array, and one element
-must match, so
+must match.
 .B --dhcp-match=set:efi-ia32,option:client-arch,6
-will set the tag "efi-ia32" if the the number 6 appears in the list of
+sets the tag \fBefi-ia32\fP if the number \fB6\fP appears in the list of
 architectures sent by the client in option 93. (See RFC 4578 for
-details.)  If the value is a string, substring matching is used.
+details.) If the value is a string, substring matching is used.

 The special form with vi-encap:<enterprise number> matches against
 vendor-identifying vendor classes for the specified enterprise. Please
 see RFC 3925 for more details of these rare and interesting beasts.
 .TP
 .B --dhcp-name-match=set:<tag>,<name>[*]
-Set the tag if the given name is supplied by a DHCP client. There may be a single trailing wildcard *, which has the usual meaning. Combined with dhcp-ignore or dhcp-ignore-names this gives the ability to ignore certain clients by name, or disallow certain hostnames from being claimed by a client.
+Set a \fB<tag>\fP if the given \fB<name>\fP is supplied by a DHCP client. There may be a single trailing wildcard *, with a glob meaning. Combined with \fBdhcp-ignore\fP or \fBdhcp-ignore-names\fP this gives the ability to ignore certain clients by name, or disallow certain hostnames from being claimed by a client.
 .TP
 .B --tag-if=set:<tag>[,set:<tag>[,tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>]]]
-Perform boolean operations on tags. Any tag appearing as set:<tag> is set if
-all the tags which appear as tag:<tag> are set, (or unset when tag:!<tag> is used)
-If no tag:<tag> appears set:<tag> tags are set unconditionally.
-Any number of set: and tag: forms may appear, in any order. 
-\fB--tag-if\fP lines are executed in order, so if the tag in tag:<tag> is a
+Perform boolean operations on tags. All \fBset:<tag>\fP tags are set if
+all \fBtag:<tag>\fP are already set, (or unset when \fBtag:!<tag>\fP is used).
+If no \fBtag:<tag>\fP appears, \fBset:<tag>\fP tags are set unconditionally.
+Any number of \fBset:\fP and \fBtag:\fP forms may appear, in any order. 
+\fB--tag-if\fP lines are executed in order, so if the tag in \fBtag:<tag>\fP is a
 tag set by another
 .B --tag-if,
-the line which sets the tag must precede the one which tests it.
+the line which sets the tag must precede the line which tests it.

-As an extension, the tag:<tag> clauses support limited wildcard matching,
-similar to the matching in the \fB--interface\fP directive.  This allows, for
-example, using \fB--tag-if=set:ppp,tag:ppp*\fP to set the tag 'ppp' for all requests
-received on any matching interface (ppp0, ppp1, etc).  This can be used in conjunction
-with the tag:!<tag> format meaning that no tag matching the wildcard may be set.
+As an extension, the \fBtag:<tag>\fP clauses support limited wildcard matching,
+similar to the matching in the \fB--interface\fP directive. This allows the
+example \fB--tag-if=set:ppp,tag:ppp*\fP to set the tag 'ppp' for all requests
+received on any matching interface (ppp0, ppp1, etc). This can be used in conjunction
+with the \fBtag:!<tag>\fP format meaning that no tag matching the wildcard may be set.
 .TP
 .B \-J, --dhcp-ignore=tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>]
-When all the given tags appear in the tag set ignore the host and do
+When all the given tags appear in the tag set, ignore the host and do
 not allocate it a DHCP lease.
 .TP
 .B --dhcp-ignore-names[=tag:<tag>[,tag:<tag>]]
@@ -1622,7 +1674,7 @@ likely to move IP address; for this reason it should not be generally used.
 .TP
 .B --dhcp-ignore-clid
 Dnsmasq is reading 'client identifier' (RFC 2131) option sent by clients
-(if available) to identify clients. This allow to serve same IP address
+(if available) to identify clients. This allow one to serve same IP address
 for a host using several interfaces. Use this option to disable 'client identifier'
 reading, i.e. to always identify a host using the MAC address.
 .TP
@@ -1713,7 +1765,9 @@ For DHCPv4, it changes the behaviour from strict RFC compliance so that DHCP req
 unknown leases from unknown hosts are not ignored. This allows new hosts
 to get a lease without a tedious timeout under all circumstances. It also 
 allows dnsmasq to rebuild its lease database without each client needing to 
-reacquire a lease, if the database is lost. For DHCPv6 it sets the
+reacquire a lease, if the database is lost. For DHCPv6 it controls the same
+behaviour as DHCPv4 with missing leases (except for the RFC uncompliance - the
+DHCPv6 RFCs allow this behaviour if configured). It also sets the
 priority in replies to 255 (the maximum) instead of 0 (the minimum).
 .TP
 .B --dhcp-rapid-commit
@@ -1901,7 +1955,7 @@ was sent, and the complete pathname of the file.

 The "relay-snoop" action is invoked when dnsmasq is configured as a DHCP
 relay for DHCPv6 and it relays a prefx delegation to a client. The arguments
-are the name of the interface where the client is conected, its (link-local)
+are the name of the interface where the client is connected, its (link-local)
 address on that interface and the delegated prefix. This information is
 sufficient to install routes to the delegated prefix of a router. See
 .B --dhcp-relay
@@ -2252,7 +2306,7 @@ therein is updated when dnsmasq receives SIGHUP.
 .B \--conf-script=<file>[ <arg]
 Execute <file>, and treat what it emits to stdout as the contents of a configuration file.
 If the script exits with a non-zero exit code, dnsmasq treats this as a fatal error.
-The script can be passed arguments, space seperated from the filename and each other so, for instance
+The script can be passed arguments, space separated from the filename and each other so, for instance
 .B --conf-dir="/etc/dnsmasq-uncompress-ads /share/ads-domains.gz"

 with /etc/dnsmasq-uncompress-ads containing 
@@ -2416,48 +2470,67 @@ the CNAME. To work around this, add the CNAME to /etc/hosts so that
 the CNAME is shadowed too.

 .PP
-The tag system works as follows: For each DHCP request, dnsmasq
-collects a set of valid tags from active configuration lines which
-include set:<tag>, including one from the 
-.B --dhcp-range
-used to allocate the address, one from any matching 
-.B --dhcp-host
-(and "known" or "known-othernet" if a \fB--dhcp-host\fP matches)
-The tag "bootp" is set for BOOTP requests, and a tag whose name is the 
-name of the interface on which the request arrived is also set.
+The tag system works as follows: dnsmasq tags each DHCP request
+with tags from applicable configuration lines containing \fBset:<tag>\fP i.e. 

-Any configuration lines which include one or more tag:<tag> constructs
-will only be valid if all that tags are matched in the set derived
-above. Typically this is \fB--dhcp-option\fP.
-.B --dhcp-option
-which has tags will be used in preference  to an untagged 
-.B --dhcp-option,
-provided that _all_ the tags match somewhere in the
-set collected as described above. The prefix '!' on a tag means 'not'
-so \fB--dhcp-option=tag:!purple,3,1.2.3.4\fP sends the option when the
-tag purple is not in the set of valid tags. (If using this in a
-command line rather than a configuration file, be sure to escape !,
-which is a shell metacharacter)
+\fBset:<tag>\fP from the \fB--dhcp-range\fP used to allocate the address;
+
+\fBset:<tag>\fP from any matching \fB--dhcp-host\fP (plus the tag \fBknown\fP or 
+\fBknown-othernet\fP).
+
+BOOTP requests are tagged \fBbootp\fP. Each request is also tagged with the name of  
+the interface on which the request arrived.
+
+Each configuration line containing one or more \fBtag:<tag>\fP constructs
+applies when all its tags exist on the request. That is:
+
+Configuration tag:A applies to a request set:tagged A.
+
+Configuration tag:B applies to a request set:tagged B.
+
+Configuration tag:A+B doesn't apply to a request set:tagged A.
+
+Configuration tag:A+B doesn't apply to a request set:tagged B.
+
+Configurations tag:A+B, tag:A, tag:B apply to a request set:tagged A+B.
+
+\fBset:<tag>\fP constructs in \fB--dhcp-range\fP and \fB--dhcp-host\fP tag requests.
+
+Use \fBtag:<tag>\fPs in \fB--dhcp-option\fPs to match \fBset:<tag>\fP and apply configurations.
+
+A \fB--dhcp-option\fP with \fBtag:<tag>\fP is preferred over an untagged 
+\fB--dhcp-option\fP, provided that \fBall\fP its tags match somewhere in the
+set gathered above. 
+
+The tag prefix '!' means 'not'.
+\fB--dhcp-option=tag:!purple,3,1.2.3.4\fP sends the option when the request 
+is not tagged with purple. (The shell metacharacter '!' must be escaped on the
+command line but not in a configuration file).
+
+When selecting \fB--dhcp-option\fPs, a \fB--dhcp-range\fP tag is second class 
+to other tags, to make it easy to override options for
+individual hosts, so:

-When selecting \fB--dhcp-options\fP, a tag from \fB--dhcp-range\fP is second class
-relative to other tags, to make it easy to override options for
-individual hosts, so 
 .B --dhcp-range=set:interface1,......
+
 .B --dhcp-host=set:myhost,.....
+
 .B --dhcp-option=tag:interface1,option:nis-domain,"domain1"
+
 .B --dhcp-option=tag:myhost,option:nis-domain,"domain2"
-will set the NIS-domain to domain1 for hosts in the range, but
-override that to domain2 for a particular host.
+
+sets the NIS-domain to domain1 for hosts in the range, but
+to domain2 for a particular host that may or may not fall in the range.

 .PP
-Note that for 
-.B --dhcp-range
-both tag:<tag> and set:<tag> are allowed, to both select the range in
+Note that for \fB--dhcp-range\fP both 
+\fBtag:<tag>\fP and 
+\fBset:<tag>\fP are possible, in order to both select the range in
 use based on (eg) \fB--dhcp-host\fP, and to affect the options sent, based on
 the range selected.

-This system evolved from an earlier, more limited one and for backward
-compatibility "net:" may be used instead of "tag:" and "set:" may be
+The tag system evolved from an earlier, more limited system. For backward
+compatibility, "net:" may be used instead of "tag:" and "set:" may be
 omitted. (Except in 
 .B --dhcp-host,
 where "net:" may be used instead of "set:".) For the same reason, '#'
@@ -2475,7 +2548,7 @@ configuration option is present to activate the DHCP server
 on a particular network. (Setting \fB--bootp-dynamic\fP removes the need for
 static address mappings.) The filename
 parameter in a BOOTP request is used as a tag,
-as is the tag "bootp", allowing some control over the options returned to
+as is the tag \fBbootp\fP, allowing some control over the options returned to
 different classes of hosts.

 .SH AUTHORITATIVE CONFIGURATION
@@ -229,3 +229,5 @@ contents of the cache to the syslog.

 <P>For a complete listing of options please take a look at the manpage
 dnsmasq(8).
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -111,22 +111,26 @@ int find_mac(union mysockaddr *addr, unsigned char *mac, int lazy, time_t now)

 again:
  
-  /* If the database is less then INTERVAL old, look in there */
-  if (difftime(now, last) < INTERVAL)
+  /* If the database is less then INTERVAL old, look in there.
+     
+     If we're a child process, we always rely on the existing cache we
+     inherited from the parent, since we don't have a netlink socket.
+  */
+  if (difftime(now, last) < INTERVAL || daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
    {
      /* addr == NULL -> just make cache up-to-date */
      if (!addr)
 	return 0;
-
+	
      for (arp = arps; arp; arp = arp->next)
 	{
 	  if (addr->sa.sa_family != arp->family)
 	    continue;
-	    
+	  
 	  if (arp->family == AF_INET &&
 	      arp->addr.addr4.s_addr != addr->in.sin_addr.s_addr)
 	    continue;
-	    
+	  
 	  if (arp->family == AF_INET6 && 
 	      !IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&arp->addr.addr6, &addr->in6.sin6_addr))
 	    continue;
@@ -141,6 +145,10 @@ int find_mac(union mysockaddr *addr, unsigned char *mac, int lazy, time_t now)
 	}
    }

+  /* Not in cache in child, no go. */
+  if (daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
+    return 0;
+  
  /* Not found, try the kernel */
  if (!updated)
     {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
  unsigned char *p, *ansp;
  int qtype, qclass, rc;
  int nameoffset, axfroffset = 0;
-  int q, anscount = 0, authcount = 0;
+  int anscount = 0, authcount = 0;
  struct crec *crecp;
-  int  auth = !local_query, trunc = 0, nxdomain = 1, soa = 0, ns = 0, axfr = 0, out_of_zone = 0;
+  int  auth = !local_query, trunc = 0, nxdomain = 1, soa = 0, ns = 0, axfr = 0, out_of_zone = 0, notimp = 0;
  struct auth_zone *zone = NULL;
  struct addrlist *subnet = NULL;
  char *cut;
@@ -116,18 +116,20 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
  union all_addr addr;
  struct cname *a, *candidate;
  unsigned int wclen;
+  unsigned int log_flags = local_query ? 0 : F_NOERR;
  
-  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) == 0 || OPCODE(header) != QUERY )
+  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1)
    return 0;

  /* determine end of question section (we put answers there) */
  if (!(ansp = skip_questions(header, qlen)))
    return 0; /* bad packet */
  
-  /* now process each question, answers go in RRs after the question */
  p = (unsigned char *)(header+1);

-  for (q = ntohs(header->qdcount); q != 0; q--)
+  if (OPCODE(header) != QUERY)
+    notimp = 1;
+  else
    {
      unsigned int flag = 0;
      int found = 0;
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
      nameoffset = p - (unsigned char *)header;

      /* now extract name as .-concatenated string into name */
-      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, 1, 4))
+      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 4))
 	return 0; /* bad packet */
 
      GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	{
 	  auth = 0;
 	  out_of_zone = 1;
-	  continue;
+	  goto done;
 	}

      if ((qtype == T_PTR || qtype == T_SOA || qtype == T_NS) &&
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	    {
 	      out_of_zone = 1;
 	      auth = 0;
-	      continue;
+	      goto done;
 	    }
 	  else if (qtype == T_SOA)
 	    soa = 1, found = 1;
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	      if (local_query || in_zone(zone, intr->name, NULL))
 		{	
 		  found = 1;
-		  log_query(flag | F_REVERSE | F_CONFIG, intr->name, &addr, NULL, 0);
+		  log_query(log_flags | flag | F_REVERSE | F_CONFIG, intr->name, &addr, NULL, 0);
 		  if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
 					  daemon->auth_ttl, NULL,
 					  T_PTR, C_IN, "d", intr->name))
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 		      strcat(name, ".");
 		      strcat(name, zone->domain);
 		    }
-		  log_query(flag | F_DHCP | F_REVERSE, name, &addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
+		  log_query(log_flags | flag | F_DHCP | F_REVERSE, name, &addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
 		  found = 1;
 		  if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
 					  daemon->auth_ttl, NULL,
@@ -243,7 +245,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 		}
 	      else if (crecp->flags & (F_DHCP | F_HOSTS) && (local_query || in_zone(zone, name, NULL)))
 		{
-		  log_query(crecp->flags & ~F_FORWARD, name, &addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
+		  log_query(log_flags | (crecp->flags & ~F_FORWARD), name, &addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
 		  found = 1;
 		  if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
 					  daemon->auth_ttl, NULL,
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n

 	  if (!found && is_rev_synth(flag, &addr, name) && (local_query || in_zone(zone, name, NULL)))
 	    {
-	      log_query(F_CONFIG | F_REVERSE | flag, name, &addr, NULL, 0);
+	      log_query(log_flags | F_CONFIG | F_REVERSE | flag, name, &addr, NULL, 0);
 	      found = 1;
 	      
 	      if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
@@ -269,9 +271,9 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	  if (found)
 	    nxdomain = 0;
 	  else
-	    log_query(flag | F_NEG | F_NXDOMAIN | F_REVERSE | (auth ? F_AUTH : 0), NULL, &addr, NULL, 0);
+	    log_query(log_flags | flag | F_NEG | F_NXDOMAIN | F_REVERSE | (auth ? F_AUTH : 0), NULL, &addr, NULL, 0);

-	  continue;
+	  goto done;
 	}
      
    cname_restart:
@@ -288,7 +290,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	    {
 	      out_of_zone = 1;
 	      auth = 0;
-	      continue;
+	      goto done;
 	    }
 	}

@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	    if (rc == 2 && qtype == T_MX)
 	      {
 		found = 1;
-		log_query(F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<MX>", 0);
+		log_query(log_flags | F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<MX>", 0);
 		if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, daemon->auth_ttl,
 					NULL, T_MX, C_IN, "sd", rec->weight, rec->target))
 		  anscount++;
@@ -315,7 +317,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	    if (rc == 2 && qtype == T_SRV)
 	      {
 		found = 1;
-		log_query(F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<SRV>", 0);
+		log_query(log_flags | F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<SRV>", 0);
 		if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, daemon->auth_ttl,
 					NULL, T_SRV, C_IN, "sssd", 
 					rec->priority, rec->weight, rec->srvport, rec->target))
@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	    if (rc == 2 && txt->class == qtype)
 	      {
 		found = 1;
-		log_query(F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, NULL, txt->class);
+		log_query(log_flags | F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, NULL, txt->class);
 		if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, daemon->auth_ttl,
 					NULL, txt->class, C_IN, "t", txt->len, txt->txt))
 		  anscount++;
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	    if (rc == 2 && qtype == T_TXT)
 	      {
 		found = 1;
-		log_query(F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<TXT>", 0);
+		log_query(log_flags | F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<TXT>", 0);
 		if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, daemon->auth_ttl,
 					NULL, T_TXT, C_IN, "t", txt->len, txt->txt))
 		  anscount++;
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	     if (rc == 2 && qtype == T_NAPTR)
 	       {
 		 found = 1;
-		 log_query(F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<NAPTR>", 0);
+		 log_query(log_flags | F_CONFIG | F_RRNAME, name, NULL, "<NAPTR>", 0);
 		 if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, daemon->auth_ttl, 
 					 NULL, T_NAPTR, C_IN, "sszzzd", 
 					 na->order, na->pref, na->flags, na->services, na->regexp, na->replace))
@@ -407,7 +409,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 		       continue;

 		     found = 1;
-		     log_query(F_FORWARD | F_CONFIG | flag, name, &addrlist->addr, NULL, 0);
+		     log_query(log_flags | F_FORWARD | F_CONFIG | flag, name, &addrlist->addr, NULL, 0);
 		     if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
 					     daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, qtype, C_IN, 
 					     qtype == T_A ? "4" : "6", &addrlist->addr))
@@ -419,7 +421,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	 {
 	   nxdomain = 0;
 	   
-	   log_query(F_FORWARD | F_CONFIG | flag, name, &addr, NULL, 0);
+	   log_query(log_flags | F_FORWARD | F_CONFIG | flag, name, &addr, NULL, 0);
 	   if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
 				   daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, qtype, C_IN, qtype == T_A ? "4" : "6", &addr))
 	     anscount++;
@@ -432,7 +434,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	  if (qtype == T_SOA)
 	    {
 	      auth = soa = 1; /* inhibits auth section */
-	      log_query(F_RRNAME | F_AUTH, zone->domain, NULL, "<SOA>", 0);
+	      log_query(log_flags | F_RRNAME | F_AUTH, zone->domain, NULL, "<SOA>", 0);
 	    }
      	  else if (qtype == T_AXFR)
 	    {
@@ -468,13 +470,13 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	      ns = 1; /* ensure we include NS records! */
 	      axfr = 1;
 	      axfroffset = nameoffset;
-	      log_query(F_RRNAME | F_AUTH, zone->domain, NULL, "<AXFR>", 0);
+	      log_query(log_flags | F_RRNAME | F_AUTH, zone->domain, NULL, "<AXFR>", 0);
 	    }
      	  else if (qtype == T_NS)
 	    {
 	      auth = 1;
 	      ns = 1; /* inhibits auth section */
-	      log_query(F_RRNAME | F_AUTH, zone->domain, NULL, "<NS>", 0);
+	      log_query(log_flags | F_RRNAME | F_AUTH, zone->domain, NULL, "<NS>", 0);
 	    }
 	}
      
@@ -492,7 +494,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 			(local_query || filter_zone(zone, flag, &(crecp->addr))))
 		      {
 			*cut = '.'; /* restore domain part */
-			log_query(crecp->flags, name, &crecp->addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
+			log_query(log_flags | crecp->flags, name, &crecp->addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
 			*cut  = 0; /* remove domain part */
 			if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
 						daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, qtype, C_IN, 
@@ -513,7 +515,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 		 nxdomain = 0;
 		 if ((crecp->flags & flag) && (local_query || filter_zone(zone, flag, &(crecp->addr))))
 		   {
-		     log_query(crecp->flags & ~F_REVERSE, name, &crecp->addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
+		     log_query(log_flags | (crecp->flags & ~F_REVERSE), name, &crecp->addr, record_source(crecp->uid), 0);
 		     if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, nameoffset, &ansp, 
 					     daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, qtype, C_IN, 
 					     qtype == T_A ? "4" : "6", &crecp->addr))
@@ -560,7 +562,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	  
 	  if (candidate)
 	    {
-	      log_query(F_CONFIG | F_CNAME, name, NULL, NULL, 0);
+	      log_query(log_flags | F_CONFIG | F_CNAME, name, NULL, NULL, 0);
 	      strcpy(name, candidate->target);
 	      if (!strchr(name, '.'))
 		{
@@ -578,16 +580,18 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	  else if (cache_find_non_terminal(name, now))
 	    nxdomain = 0;

-	  log_query(flag | F_NEG | (nxdomain ? F_NXDOMAIN : 0) | F_FORWARD | F_AUTH, name, NULL, NULL, 0);
+	  log_query(log_flags | flag | F_NEG | (nxdomain ? F_NXDOMAIN : 0) | F_FORWARD | F_AUTH, name, NULL, NULL, 0);
 	}
      
    }
+
+ done:
  
  /* Add auth section */
  if (auth && zone)
    {
      char *authname;
-      int newoffset, offset = 0;
+      int newoffset = ansp - (unsigned char *)header, offset = 0;

      if (!subnet)
 	authname = zone->domain;
@@ -627,8 +631,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
 	}
      
      /* handle NS and SOA in auth section or for explicit queries */
-       newoffset = ansp - (unsigned char *)header;
-       if (((anscount == 0 && !ns) || soa) &&
+      if (((anscount == 0 && !ns) || soa) &&
 	  add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, 0, &ansp, 
 			      daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, T_SOA, C_IN, "ddlllll",
 			      authname, daemon->authserver,  daemon->hostmaster,
@@ -646,11 +649,10 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
      if (anscount != 0 || ns)
 	{
 	  struct name_list *secondary;
-	  
+	 	  
 	  /* Only include the machine running dnsmasq if it's acting as an auth server */
 	  if (daemon->authinterface)
 	    {
-	      newoffset = ansp - (unsigned char *)header;
 	      if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, -offset, &ansp, 
 				      daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, T_NS, C_IN, "d", offset == 0 ? authname : NULL, daemon->authserver))
 		{
@@ -665,9 +667,11 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n

 	  if (!subnet)
 	    for (secondary = daemon->secondary_forward_server; secondary; secondary = secondary->next)
-	      if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, offset, &ansp, 
-				      daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, T_NS, C_IN, "d", secondary->name))
+	      if (add_resource_record(header, limit, &trunc, -offset, &ansp, 
+				      daemon->auth_ttl, NULL, T_NS, C_IN, "d", offset == 0 ? authname : NULL, secondary->name))
 		{
+		  if (offset == 0) 
+		    offset = newoffset;
 		  if (ns) 
 		    anscount++;
 		  else
@@ -873,7 +877,7 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
      if (!(ansp = skip_questions(header, qlen)))
 	return 0; /* bad packet */
      anscount = authcount = 0;
-      log_query(F_AUTH, "reply", NULL, "truncated", 0);
+      log_query(log_flags | F_AUTH, "reply", NULL, "truncated", 0);
    }
  
  if ((auth || local_query) && nxdomain)
@@ -885,14 +889,23 @@ size_t answer_auth(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen, time_t n
  header->nscount = htons(authcount);
  header->arcount = htons(0);

-  if (!local_query && out_of_zone)
+  if ((!local_query && out_of_zone) || notimp)
    {
-      SET_RCODE(header, REFUSED); 
+      if (out_of_zone)
+	{
+	  addr.log.rcode = REFUSED;
+	  addr.log.ede = EDE_NOT_AUTH;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  addr.log.rcode = NOTIMP;
+	  addr.log.ede = EDE_UNSET;
+	}
+
+      SET_RCODE(header, addr.log.rcode); 
      header->ancount = htons(0);
      header->nscount = htons(0);
-      addr.log.rcode = REFUSED;
-      addr.log.ede = EDE_NOT_AUTH;
-      log_query(F_UPSTREAM | F_RCODE, "error", &addr, NULL, 0);
+      log_query(log_flags | F_UPSTREAM | F_RCODE, "error", &addr, NULL, 0);
      return resize_packet(header,  ansp - (unsigned char *)header, NULL, 0);
    }
  
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -193,20 +193,22 @@ void *blockdata_retrieve(struct blockdata *block, size_t len, void *data)
 {
  size_t blen;
  struct  blockdata *b;
-  uint8_t *new, *d;
+  uint8_t *d;
  
-  static unsigned int buff_len = 0;
-  static unsigned char *buff = NULL;
-   
  if (!data)
    {
+      static unsigned int buff_len = 0;
+      static unsigned char *buff = NULL;
+      uint8_t *new;
+      
      if (len > buff_len)
 	{
-	  if (!(new = whine_malloc(len)))
+	  blen = len + 1024;
+	  if (!(new = whine_realloc(buff, blen)))
 	    return NULL;
-	  if (buff)
-	    free(buff);
+
 	  buff = new;
+	  buff_len = blen;
 	}
      data = buff;
    }
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -126,112 +126,110 @@ int iface_enumerate(int family, void *parm, callback_t callback)
  
  for (addrs = head; addrs; addrs = addrs->ifa_next)
    {
-      if (addrs->ifa_addr->sa_family == family)
+      int iface_index = if_nametoindex(addrs->ifa_name);
+      
+      if (iface_index == 0 || !addrs->ifa_addr || 
+	  addrs->ifa_addr->sa_family != family ||
+	  (!addrs->ifa_netmask && family != AF_LINK))
+	continue;
+      
+      if (family == AF_INET)
 	{
-	  int iface_index = if_nametoindex(addrs->ifa_name);
-
-	  if (iface_index == 0 || !addrs->ifa_addr || 
-	      (!addrs->ifa_netmask && family != AF_LINK))
+	  struct in_addr addr, netmask, broadcast;
+	  addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) addrs->ifa_addr)->sin_addr;
+#ifdef HAVE_BSD_NETWORK
+	  if (del_family == AF_INET && del_addr.addr4.s_addr == addr.s_addr)
 	    continue;
-
-	  if (family == AF_INET)
-	    {
-	      struct in_addr addr, netmask, broadcast;
-	      addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) addrs->ifa_addr)->sin_addr;
-#ifdef HAVE_BSD_NETWORK
-	      if (del_family == AF_INET && del_addr.addr4.s_addr == addr.s_addr)
-		continue;
 #endif
-	      netmask = ((struct sockaddr_in *) addrs->ifa_netmask)->sin_addr;
-	      if (addrs->ifa_broadaddr)
-		broadcast = ((struct sockaddr_in *) addrs->ifa_broadaddr)->sin_addr; 
-	      else 
-		broadcast.s_addr = 0;	      
-	      if (!callback.af_inet(addr, iface_index, NULL, netmask, broadcast, parm))
-		goto err;
-	    }
-	  else if (family == AF_INET6)
-	    {
-	      struct in6_addr *addr = &((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr)->sin6_addr;
-	      unsigned char *netmask = (unsigned char *) &((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_netmask)->sin6_addr;
-	      int scope_id = ((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr)->sin6_scope_id;
-	      int i, j, prefix = 0;
-	      u32 valid = 0xffffffff, preferred = 0xffffffff;
-	      int flags = 0;
+	  netmask = ((struct sockaddr_in *) addrs->ifa_netmask)->sin_addr;
+	  if (addrs->ifa_broadaddr)
+	    broadcast = ((struct sockaddr_in *) addrs->ifa_broadaddr)->sin_addr; 
+	  else 
+	    broadcast.s_addr = 0;	      
+	  if (!callback.af_inet(addr, iface_index, NULL, netmask, broadcast, parm))
+	    goto err;
+	}
+      else if (family == AF_INET6)
+	{
+	  struct in6_addr *addr = &((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr)->sin6_addr;
+	  unsigned char *netmask = (unsigned char *) &((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_netmask)->sin6_addr;
+	  int scope_id = ((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr)->sin6_scope_id;
+	  int i, j, prefix = 0;
+	  u32 valid = 0xffffffff, preferred = 0xffffffff;
+	  int flags = 0;
 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_NETWORK
-	      if (del_family == AF_INET6 && IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&del_addr.addr6, addr))
-		continue;
+	  if (del_family == AF_INET6 && IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&del_addr.addr6, addr))
+	    continue;
 #endif
 #if defined(HAVE_BSD_NETWORK) && !defined(__APPLE__)
-	      struct in6_ifreq ifr6;
-
-	      memset(&ifr6, 0, sizeof(ifr6));
-	      safe_strncpy(ifr6.ifr_name, addrs->ifa_name, sizeof(ifr6.ifr_name));
+	  struct in6_ifreq ifr6;
+	  
+	  memset(&ifr6, 0, sizeof(ifr6));
+	  safe_strncpy(ifr6.ifr_name, addrs->ifa_name, sizeof(ifr6.ifr_name));
+	  
+	  ifr6.ifr_addr = *((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr);
+	  if (fd != -1 && ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFAFLAG_IN6, &ifr6) != -1)
+	    {
+	      if (ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & IN6_IFF_TENTATIVE)
+		flags |= IFACE_TENTATIVE;
+	      
+	      if (ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & IN6_IFF_DEPRECATED)
+		flags |= IFACE_DEPRECATED;
 	      
-	      ifr6.ifr_addr = *((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr);
-	      if (fd != -1 && ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFAFLAG_IN6, &ifr6) != -1)
-		{
-		  if (ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & IN6_IFF_TENTATIVE)
-		    flags |= IFACE_TENTATIVE;
-		  
-		  if (ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & IN6_IFF_DEPRECATED)
-		    flags |= IFACE_DEPRECATED;
-
 #ifdef IN6_IFF_TEMPORARY
-		  if (!(ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & (IN6_IFF_AUTOCONF | IN6_IFF_TEMPORARY)))
-		    flags |= IFACE_PERMANENT;
+	      if (!(ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & (IN6_IFF_AUTOCONF | IN6_IFF_TEMPORARY)))
+		flags |= IFACE_PERMANENT;
 #endif
-
+	      
 #ifdef IN6_IFF_PRIVACY
-		  if (!(ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & (IN6_IFF_AUTOCONF | IN6_IFF_PRIVACY)))
-		    flags |= IFACE_PERMANENT;
+	      if (!(ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_flags6 & (IN6_IFF_AUTOCONF | IN6_IFF_PRIVACY)))
+		flags |= IFACE_PERMANENT;
 #endif
-		}
-	      
-	      ifr6.ifr_addr = *((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr);
-	      if (fd != -1 && ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFALIFETIME_IN6, &ifr6) != -1)
-		{
-		  valid = ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_lifetime.ia6t_vltime;
-		  preferred = ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_lifetime.ia6t_pltime;
-		}
+	    }
+	  
+	  ifr6.ifr_addr = *((struct sockaddr_in6 *) addrs->ifa_addr);
+	  if (fd != -1 && ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFALIFETIME_IN6, &ifr6) != -1)
+	    {
+	      valid = ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_lifetime.ia6t_vltime;
+	      preferred = ifr6.ifr_ifru.ifru_lifetime.ia6t_pltime;
+	    }
 #endif
-	      	      
-	      for (i = 0; i < IN6ADDRSZ; i++, prefix += 8) 
-                if (netmask[i] != 0xff)
-		  break;
-	      
-	      if (i != IN6ADDRSZ && netmask[i]) 
-                for (j = 7; j > 0; j--, prefix++) 
-		  if ((netmask[i] & (1 << j)) == 0)
-		    break;
-	      
-	      /* voodoo to clear interface field in address */
-	      if (!option_bool(OPT_NOWILD) && IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(addr))
-		{
-		  addr->s6_addr[2] = 0;
-		  addr->s6_addr[3] = 0;
-		} 
-	     
-	      if (!callback.af_inet6(addr, prefix, scope_id, iface_index, flags,
-				(unsigned int) preferred, (unsigned int)valid, parm))
-		goto err;	      
-	    }
-
-#ifdef HAVE_DHCP6      
-	  else if (family == AF_LINK)
-	    { 
-	      /* Assume ethernet again here */
-	      struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *) addrs->ifa_addr;
-	      if (sdl->sdl_alen != 0 && 
-		  !callback.af_local(iface_index, ARPHRD_ETHER, LLADDR(sdl), sdl->sdl_alen, parm))
-		goto err;
-	    }
-#endif 
+	  
+	  for (i = 0; i < IN6ADDRSZ; i++, prefix += 8) 
+	    if (netmask[i] != 0xff)
+	      break;
+	  
+	  if (i != IN6ADDRSZ && netmask[i]) 
+	    for (j = 7; j > 0; j--, prefix++) 
+	      if ((netmask[i] & (1 << j)) == 0)
+		break;
+	  
+	  /* voodoo to clear interface field in address */
+	  if (!option_bool(OPT_NOWILD) && IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(addr))
+	    {
+	      addr->s6_addr[2] = 0;
+	      addr->s6_addr[3] = 0;
+	    } 
+	  
+	  if (!callback.af_inet6(addr, prefix, scope_id, iface_index, flags,
+				 (unsigned int) preferred, (unsigned int)valid, parm))
+	    goto err;	      
 	}
+      
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP6      
+      else if (family == AF_LINK)
+	{ 
+	  /* Assume ethernet again here */
+	  struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *) addrs->ifa_addr;
+	  if (sdl->sdl_alen != 0 && 
+	      !callback.af_local(iface_index, ARPHRD_ETHER, LLADDR(sdl), sdl->sdl_alen, parm))
+	    goto err;
+	}
+#endif 
    }
  
  ret = 1;
-
+  
 err:
  errsave = errno;
  freeifaddrs(head); 
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -17,13 +17,16 @@
 #include "dnsmasq.h"

 static struct crec *cache_head = NULL, *cache_tail = NULL, **hash_table = NULL;
-#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
-static struct crec *dhcp_spare = NULL;
-#endif
+static struct crec *config_spare = NULL;
 static struct crec *new_chain = NULL;
 static int insert_error;
 static union bigname *big_free = NULL;
 static int bignames_left, hash_size;
+struct nameblock {
+  struct nameblock *next;
+  unsigned int last, index;
+  char data[NAMEBLOCK_CHARS];
+} *hostblocks = NULL;

 static void make_non_terminals(struct crec *source);
 static struct crec *really_insert(char *name, union all_addr *addr, unsigned short class,
@@ -102,6 +105,8 @@ static const struct {
  { 64,  "SVCB" }, /* Service Binding [draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-https-00] SVCB/svcb-completed-template 2020-06-30*/
  { 65,  "HTTPS" }, /* HTTPS Binding [draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-https-00] HTTPS/https-completed-template 2020-06-30*/
  { 66,  "DSYNC" }, /* Endpoint discovery for delegation synchronization [draft-ietf-dnsop-generalized-notify-03] DSYNC/dsync-completed-template 2024-12-10 */
+  { 67,  "HHIT" }, /* [draft-ietf-drip-registries-28] */
+  { 68,  "BRID" }, /* [draft-ietf-drip-registries-28] */
  { 99,  "SPF" }, /* [RFC7208] */
  { 100, "UINFO" }, /* [IANA-Reserved] */
  { 101, "UID" }, /* [IANA-Reserved] */
@@ -190,6 +195,61 @@ void cache_init(void)
  rehash(daemon->cachesize);
 }

+static struct crec *get_config_crec(void)
+{
+  struct crec *ret;
+  
+  if (config_spare)
+    {
+      ret = config_spare;
+      config_spare = config_spare->next;
+    }
+  else
+    ret = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_POINTER_CREC);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void free_config_crec(struct crec *p)
+{
+  p->next = config_spare;
+  config_spare  = p;
+}
+
+static char *store_name(unsigned int namelen, unsigned int index)
+{
+  struct nameblock *block;
+  char *ret = NULL;
+
+  for (block = hostblocks; block; block = block->next)
+    if (block->index == index && NAMEBLOCK_CHARS - block->last >= namelen)
+      break;
+
+  if (!block && ((block = whine_malloc(sizeof(struct nameblock)))))
+    {
+      block->next = hostblocks;
+      block->index = index;
+      hostblocks = block;
+    }
+  
+  if (block && NAMEBLOCK_CHARS - block->last >= namelen)
+    {
+      ret = &block->data[block->last];
+      block->last += namelen;
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void free_names(unsigned int index)
+{
+  struct nameblock *block;
+
+  for (block = hostblocks; block; block = block->next)
+    if (index == UID_NONE || block->index == index)
+      block->last = 0;
+}
+
 /* In most cases, we create the hash table once here by calling this with (hash_table == NULL)
   but if the hosts file(s) are big (some people have 50000 ad-block entries), the table
   will be much too small, so the hosts reading code calls rehash every 1000 addresses, to
@@ -439,12 +499,14 @@ unsigned int cache_remove_uid(const unsigned int uid)
 	if ((crecp->flags & (F_HOSTS | F_DHCP | F_CONFIG)) && crecp->uid == uid)
 	  {
 	    *up = tmp;
-	    free(crecp);
+	    free_config_crec(crecp);
 	    removed++;
 	  }
 	else
 	  up = &crecp->hash_next;
      }
+
+  free_names(uid);
  
  return removed;
 }
@@ -779,7 +841,14 @@ void cache_end_insert(void)
 {
  if (insert_error)
    return;
-  
+
+  /* signal start of cache insert transaction to master process */
+  if (daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
+    {
+      unsigned char op = PIPE_OP_INSERT;
+      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, &op, sizeof(op), RW_WRITE);
+    }
+
  while (new_chain)
    { 
      struct crec *tmp = new_chain->next;
@@ -806,7 +875,7 @@ void cache_end_insert(void)
 	      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_WRITE);
 	      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)name, m, RW_WRITE);
 	      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&new_chain->ttd, sizeof(new_chain->ttd), RW_WRITE);
-	      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned  char *)&flags, sizeof(flags), RW_WRITE);
+	      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&flags, sizeof(flags), RW_WRITE);
 	      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&new_chain->addr, sizeof(new_chain->addr), RW_WRITE);
 	      
 	      if (flags & F_RR)
@@ -816,7 +885,7 @@ void cache_end_insert(void)
 		    blockdata_write(new_chain->addr.rrblock.rrdata, new_chain->addr.rrblock.datalen, daemon->pipe_to_parent);
 		}
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-	      if (flags & F_DNSKEY)
+	      else if (flags & F_DNSKEY)
 		{
 		  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&class, sizeof(class), RW_WRITE);
 		  blockdata_write(new_chain->addr.key.keydata, new_chain->addr.key.keylen, daemon->pipe_to_parent);
@@ -839,166 +908,243 @@ void cache_end_insert(void)
  if (daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
    {
      ssize_t m = -1;
-
      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_WRITE);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-      /* Sneak out possibly updated crypto HWM values. */
-      m = daemon->metrics[METRIC_CRYPTO_HWM];
-      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_WRITE);
-      m = daemon->metrics[METRIC_SIG_FAIL_HWM];
-      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_WRITE);
-      m = daemon->metrics[METRIC_WORK_HWM];
-      read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_WRITE);
-#endif
    }
-      
-  new_chain = NULL;
 }

+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+void cache_update_hwm(void)
+{
+ /* Sneak out possibly updated crypto HWM values. */
+  unsigned char op = PIPE_OP_STATS;

-/* A marshalled cache entry arrives on fd, read, unmarshall and insert into cache of master process. */
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, &op, sizeof(op), RW_WRITE);
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent,
+	     (unsigned char *)&daemon->metrics[METRIC_CRYPTO_HWM],
+	     sizeof(daemon->metrics[METRIC_CRYPTO_HWM]), RW_WRITE);
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent,
+	     (unsigned char *)&daemon->metrics[METRIC_SIG_FAIL_HWM],
+	     sizeof(daemon->metrics[METRIC_SIG_FAIL_HWM]), RW_WRITE);
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent,
+	     (unsigned char *)&daemon->metrics[METRIC_WORK_HWM],
+	     sizeof(daemon->metrics[METRIC_WORK_HWM]), RW_WRITE);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_IPSET) || defined(HAVE_NFTSET)
+void cache_send_ipset(unsigned char op, struct ipsets *sets, int flags, union all_addr *addr)
+{
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, &op, sizeof(op), RW_WRITE);
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&sets, sizeof(sets), RW_WRITE);
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&flags, sizeof(flags), RW_WRITE);
+  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)addr, sizeof(*addr), RW_WRITE);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Retrieve and handle a result from child TCP-handler.
+   Return 0 when pipe is closed by far end. */
 int cache_recv_insert(time_t now, int fd)
 {
-  ssize_t m;
-  union all_addr addr;
-  unsigned long ttl;
-  time_t ttd;
-  unsigned int flags;
-  struct crec *crecp = NULL;
+  unsigned char op;
  
-  cache_start_insert();
+  if (!read_write(fd, &op, sizeof(op), RW_READ))
+    return 0;
  
-  while (1)
+  switch (op)
    {
- 
-      if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_READ))
-	return 0;
+    case PIPE_OP_INSERT:
+      {
+	/* A marshalled set if cache entries arrives on fd, read, unmarshall and insert into cache of master process. */
+	ssize_t m;
+	union all_addr addr;
+	unsigned long ttl;
+	time_t ttd;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct crec *crecp = NULL;
+
+	cache_start_insert();
+	
+	/* loop reading RRs, since we don't want to go back to the poll() loop
+	   and start processing other queries which might pollute the insertion
+	   chain. The child will never block between the first OP_RR and the
+	   minus-one length marking the end. */
+	while (1)
+	  {
+	    if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_READ))
+	      return 0;
+	    
+	    if (m == -1)
+	      {
+		cache_end_insert();
+		return 1;
+	      }
+	    
+	    if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)daemon->namebuff, m, RW_READ) ||
+		!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&ttd, sizeof(ttd), RW_READ) ||
+		!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&flags, sizeof(flags), RW_READ) ||
+		!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&addr, sizeof(addr), RW_READ))
+	      return 0;
+	    
+	    daemon->namebuff[m] = 0;
+	    
+	    ttl = difftime(ttd, now);
+	    
+	    if (flags & F_CNAME)
+	      {
+		struct crec *newc = really_insert(daemon->namebuff, NULL, C_IN, now, ttl, flags);
+		/* This relies on the fact that the target of a CNAME immediately precedes
+		   it because of the order of extraction in extract_addresses, and
+		   the order reversal on the new_chain. */
+		if (newc)
+		  {
+		    newc->addr.cname.is_name_ptr = 0;
+		    newc->addr.cname.target.cache = crecp;
+		    
+		    if (crecp)
+		      {
+			next_uid(crecp);
+			newc->addr.cname.uid = crecp->uid;
+		      }
+		    crecp = newc;
+		  }
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		unsigned short class = C_IN;
+		struct blockdata *block = NULL;
+
+		if ((flags & F_RR) && !(flags & F_NEG) && (flags & F_KEYTAG)
+		    && !(block = addr.rrblock.rrdata = blockdata_read(fd, addr.rrblock.datalen)))
+		  continue;
+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+		else if (flags & F_DNSKEY)
+		  {
+		    if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&class, sizeof(class), RW_READ))
+		      return 0;
+		    if (!(block = addr.key.keydata = blockdata_read(fd, addr.key.keylen)))
+		      continue;
+		  }
+		else  if (flags & F_DS)
+		  {
+		    if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&class, sizeof(class), RW_READ))
+		      return 0;
+		    if (!(flags & F_NEG) && !(block = addr.ds.keydata = blockdata_read(fd, addr.ds.keylen)))
+		      continue;
+		  }
+#endif
+		if (!(crecp = really_insert(daemon->namebuff, &addr, class, now, ttl, flags)))
+		  blockdata_free(block);
+	      }
+	  }
+      }
      
-      if (m == -1)
-	{
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-	  /* Sneak in possibly updated crypto HWM. */
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (m > daemon->metrics[METRIC_CRYPTO_HWM])
-	    daemon->metrics[METRIC_CRYPTO_HWM] = m;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (m > daemon->metrics[METRIC_SIG_FAIL_HWM])
-	    daemon->metrics[METRIC_SIG_FAIL_HWM] = m;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (m > daemon->metrics[METRIC_WORK_HWM])
-	    daemon->metrics[METRIC_WORK_HWM] = m;
-#endif
-	  cache_end_insert();
-	  return 1;
-	}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-      /* UDP validation moved to TCP to avoid truncation. 
-	 Restart UDP validation process with the returned result. */
-      if (m == -2)
-	{
-	  int status, uid, keycount, validatecount;
-	  int *keycountp, *validatecountp;
-	  size_t ret_len;
-	  
-	  struct frec *forward;
-	  
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&status, sizeof(status), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&ret_len, sizeof(ret_len), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)daemon->packet, ret_len, RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&forward, sizeof(forward), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&uid, sizeof(uid), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&keycount, sizeof(keycount), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&keycountp, sizeof(keycountp), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&validatecount, sizeof(validatecount), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&validatecountp, sizeof(validatecountp), RW_READ))
-	    return 0;
-	  
-	  /* There's a tiny chance that the frec may have been freed 
-	     and reused before the TCP process returns. Detect that with
-	     the uid field which is unique modulo 2^32 for each use. */
-	  if (uid == forward->uid)
-	    {
-	      /* repatriate the work counters from the child process. */
-	      *keycountp = keycount;
-	      *validatecountp = validatecount;
-	      
-	      if (!forward->dependent)
-		return_reply(now, forward, (struct dns_header *)daemon->packet, ret_len, status);
-	      else
-		pop_and_retry_query(forward, status, now);
-	    }
-	  
-	  return 1;
-	}
-#endif
-       
-      if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)daemon->namebuff, m, RW_READ) ||
-	  !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&ttd, sizeof(ttd), RW_READ) ||
-	  !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&flags, sizeof(flags), RW_READ) ||
-	  !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&addr, sizeof(addr), RW_READ))
-	return 0;
-
-      daemon->namebuff[m] = 0;
-
-      ttl = difftime(ttd, now);
+    case PIPE_OP_STATS:
+      {
+	/* Sneak in possibly updated crypto HWM. */
+	unsigned int val;
+	
+	if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&val, sizeof(val), RW_READ))
+	  return 0;
+	if (val > daemon->metrics[METRIC_CRYPTO_HWM])
+	  daemon->metrics[METRIC_CRYPTO_HWM] = val;
+	if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&val, sizeof(val), RW_READ))
+	  return 0;
+	if (val > daemon->metrics[METRIC_SIG_FAIL_HWM])
+	  daemon->metrics[METRIC_SIG_FAIL_HWM] = val;
+	if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&val, sizeof(val), RW_READ))
+	  return 0;
+	if (val > daemon->metrics[METRIC_WORK_HWM])
+	  daemon->metrics[METRIC_WORK_HWM] = val;
+	return 1;
+      }
      
-      if (flags & F_CNAME)
-	{
-	  struct crec *newc = really_insert(daemon->namebuff, NULL, C_IN, now, ttl, flags);
-	  /* This relies on the fact that the target of a CNAME immediately precedes
-	     it because of the order of extraction in extract_addresses, and
-	     the order reversal on the new_chain. */
-	  if (newc)
-	    {
-	      newc->addr.cname.is_name_ptr = 0;
-	      
-	      if (!crecp)
-		newc->addr.cname.target.cache = NULL;
-	      else
-		{
-		  next_uid(crecp);
-		  newc->addr.cname.target.cache = crecp;
-		  newc->addr.cname.uid = crecp->uid;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-      else
-	{
-	  unsigned short class = C_IN;
+    case PIPE_OP_RESULT:
+    case PIPE_OP_KILLED:
+      {
+	/* UDP validation moved to TCP to avoid truncation. 
+	   Restart UDP validation process with the returned result. */
+	int status, uid, keycount, validatecount;
+	int *keycountp, *validatecountp;
+	size_t ret_len;
+	
+	struct frec *forward;
+	
+	if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&status, sizeof(status), RW_READ) ||
+	    !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&ret_len, sizeof(ret_len), RW_READ) ||
+	    !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)daemon->packet, ret_len, RW_READ) ||
+	    !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&forward, sizeof(forward), RW_READ) ||
+	    !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&uid, sizeof(uid), RW_READ))
+	  return 0;

-	  if ((flags & F_RR) && !(flags & F_NEG) && (flags & F_KEYTAG)
-	      && !(addr.rrblock.rrdata = blockdata_read(fd, addr.rrblock.datalen)))
-	    return 0;
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-	  if (flags & F_DNSKEY)
-	    {
-	      if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&class, sizeof(class), RW_READ) ||
-		  !(addr.key.keydata = blockdata_read(fd, addr.key.keylen)))
-		return 0;
-	    }
-	  else  if (flags & F_DS)
-	    {
-	      if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&class, sizeof(class), RW_READ) ||
-		  (!(flags & F_NEG) && !(addr.key.keydata = blockdata_read(fd, addr.key.keylen))))
-		return 0;
-	    }
+	if (op == PIPE_OP_RESULT && 
+	    (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&keycount, sizeof(keycount), RW_READ) ||
+	     !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&keycountp, sizeof(keycountp), RW_READ) ||
+	     !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&validatecount, sizeof(validatecount), RW_READ) ||
+	     !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&validatecountp, sizeof(validatecountp), RW_READ)))
+	  return 0;
+	
+	/* There's a tiny chance that the frec may have been freed 
+	   and reused before the TCP process returns. Detect that with
+	   the uid field which is unique modulo 2^32 for each use. */
+	if (uid == forward->uid)
+	  {
+	    if (op == PIPE_OP_RESULT)
+	      {
+		/* repatriate the work counters from the child process. */
+		*keycountp = keycount;
+		*validatecountp = validatecount;
+	      }
+	    
+	    if (!forward->dependent)
+	      return_reply(now, forward, (struct dns_header *)daemon->packet, ret_len, status);
+	    else
+	      pop_and_retry_query(forward, status, now);
+	  }
+	
+	return 1;
+      }
 #endif
-	  crecp = really_insert(daemon->namebuff, &addr, class, now, ttl, flags);
-	}
+      
+#if defined(HAVE_IPSET) || defined(HAVE_NFTSET)
+    case PIPE_OP_IPSET:
+    case PIPE_OP_NFTSET:
+      {
+	struct ipsets *sets;
+	char **sets_cur;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	union all_addr addr;
+	
+	if (!read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&sets, sizeof(sets), RW_READ) ||
+	    !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&flags, sizeof(flags), RW_READ) ||
+	    !read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)&addr, sizeof(addr), RW_READ))
+	  return 0;
+	
+	for (sets_cur = sets->sets; *sets_cur; sets_cur++)
+	  {
+	    int rc = -1;
+	    
+#ifdef HAVE_IPSET
+	    if (op == PIPE_OP_IPSET)
+	      rc = add_to_ipset(*sets_cur, &addr, flags, 0);
+#endif
+	    
+#ifdef HAVE_NFTSET		  
+	    if (op == PIPE_OP_NFTSET)
+	      rc = add_to_nftset(*sets_cur, &addr, flags, 0);
+#endif
+	    
+	    if (rc == 0)
+	      log_query((flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6)) | F_IPSET, sets->domain, &addr, *sets_cur, op == PIPE_OP_IPSET);
+	  }
+	
+	return 1;
+      }
+#endif
+      
    }
+
+  return 0;
 }
 	
 int cache_find_non_terminal(char *name, time_t now)
@@ -1175,7 +1321,7 @@ static void add_hosts_entry(struct crec *cache, union all_addr *addr, int addrle
  while ((lookup = cache_find_by_name(lookup, cache_get_name(cache), 0, cache->flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6))))
    if ((lookup->flags & F_HOSTS) && memcmp(&lookup->addr, addr, addrlen) == 0)
      {
-	free(cache);
+	free_config_crec(cache);
 	return;
      }
    
@@ -1298,13 +1444,13 @@ int read_hostsfile(char *filename, unsigned int index, int cache_size, struct cr
    {
      if (inet_pton(AF_INET, token, &addr) > 0)
 	{
-	  flags = F_HOSTS | F_IMMORTAL | F_FORWARD | F_REVERSE | F_IPV4;
+	  flags = F_NAMEP | F_HOSTS | F_IMMORTAL | F_FORWARD | F_REVERSE | F_IPV4;
 	  addrlen = INADDRSZ;
 	  domain_suffix = get_domain(addr.addr4);
 	}
      else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, token, &addr) > 0)
 	{
-	  flags = F_HOSTS | F_IMMORTAL | F_FORWARD | F_REVERSE | F_IPV6;
+	  flags = F_NAMEP | F_HOSTS | F_IMMORTAL | F_FORWARD | F_REVERSE | F_IPV6;
 	  addrlen = IN6ADDRSZ;
 	  domain_suffix = get_domain6(&addr.addr6);
 	}
@@ -1338,27 +1484,37 @@ int read_hostsfile(char *filename, unsigned int index, int cache_size, struct cr
 	  if ((canon = canonicalise(token, &nomem)))
 	    {
 	      /* If set, add a version of the name with a default domain appended */
-	      if (option_bool(OPT_EXPAND) && domain_suffix && !fqdn && 
-		  (cache = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_BARE_CREC + strlen(canon) + 2 + strlen(domain_suffix))))
+	      if (option_bool(OPT_EXPAND) && domain_suffix && !fqdn && (cache = get_config_crec()))
 		{
-		  strcpy(cache->name.sname, canon);
-		  strcat(cache->name.sname, ".");
-		  strcat(cache->name.sname, domain_suffix);
-		  cache->flags = flags;
-		  cache->ttd = daemon->local_ttl;
-		  add_hosts_entry(cache, &addr, addrlen, index, rhash, hashsz);
-		  name_count++;
-		  names_done++;
+		  if (!(cache->name.namep = store_name(strlen(canon) + 2 + strlen(domain_suffix), index)))
+		    free_config_crec(cache);
+		  else
+		    {
+		      strcpy(cache->name.namep, canon);
+		      strcat(cache->name.namep, ".");
+		      strcat(cache->name.namep, domain_suffix);
+		      cache->flags = flags;
+		      cache->ttd = daemon->local_ttl;
+		      add_hosts_entry(cache, &addr, addrlen, index, rhash, hashsz);
+		      name_count++;
+		      names_done++;
+		    }
 		}
-	      if ((cache = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_BARE_CREC + strlen(canon) + 1)))
+	      if ((cache = get_config_crec()))
 		{
-		  strcpy(cache->name.sname, canon);
-		  cache->flags = flags;
-		  cache->ttd = daemon->local_ttl;
-		  add_hosts_entry(cache, &addr, addrlen, index, rhash, hashsz);
-		  name_count++;
-		  names_done++;
+		  if (!(cache->name.namep = store_name(strlen(canon) + 1, index)))
+		    free_config_crec(cache);
+		  else
+		    {
+		      strcpy(cache->name.namep, canon);
+		      cache->flags = flags;
+		      cache->ttd = daemon->local_ttl;
+		      add_hosts_entry(cache, &addr, addrlen, index, rhash, hashsz);
+		      name_count++;
+		      names_done++;
+		    }
 		}
+	      
 	      free(canon);
 	      
 	    }
@@ -1409,7 +1565,7 @@ void cache_reload(void)
 	if (cache->flags & (F_HOSTS | F_CONFIG))
 	  {
 	    *up = cache->hash_next;
-	    free(cache);
+	    free_config_crec(cache);
 	  }
 	else if (!(cache->flags & F_DHCP))
 	  {
@@ -1424,11 +1580,13 @@ void cache_reload(void)
 	else
 	  up = &cache->hash_next;
      }
+
+  free_names(UID_NONE); /* free everything */
  
  /* Add locally-configured CNAMEs to the cache */
  for (a = daemon->cnames; a; a = a->next)
    if (a->alias[1] != '*' &&
-	((cache = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_POINTER_CREC))))
+	((cache = get_config_crec())))
      {
 	cache->flags = F_FORWARD | F_NAMEP | F_CNAME | F_IMMORTAL | F_CONFIG;
 	cache->ttd = a->ttl;
@@ -1442,19 +1600,30 @@ void cache_reload(void)
  
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
  for (ds = daemon->ds; ds; ds = ds->next)
-    if ((cache = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_POINTER_CREC)) &&
-	(cache->addr.ds.keydata = blockdata_alloc(ds->digest, ds->digestlen)))
+    if (ds->name && (cache = get_config_crec()))
      {
-	cache->flags = F_FORWARD | F_IMMORTAL | F_DS | F_CONFIG | F_NAMEP;
-	cache->ttd = daemon->local_ttl;
-	cache->name.namep = ds->name;
-	cache->addr.ds.keylen = ds->digestlen;
-	cache->addr.ds.algo = ds->algo;
-	cache->addr.ds.keytag = ds->keytag;
-	cache->addr.ds.digest = ds->digest_type;
-	cache->uid = ds->class;
-	cache_hash(cache);
-	make_non_terminals(cache);
+	
+	if (!(cache->addr.ds.keydata = blockdata_alloc(ds->digest, ds->digestlen)))
+	  free_config_crec(cache);
+	else
+	  {
+	    cache->flags = F_FORWARD | F_IMMORTAL | F_DS | F_CONFIG | F_NAMEP;
+	    cache->ttd = daemon->local_ttl;
+	    cache->name.namep = ds->name;
+	    cache->uid = ds->class;
+	    if (ds->digestlen != 0)
+	      {
+		cache->addr.ds.keylen = ds->digestlen;
+		cache->addr.ds.algo = ds->algo;
+		cache->addr.ds.keytag = ds->keytag;
+		cache->addr.ds.digest = ds->digest_type;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      cache->flags |= F_NEG | F_DNSSECOK | F_NO_RR;
+	    
+	    cache_hash(cache);
+	    make_non_terminals(cache);
+	  }
      }
 #endif
  
@@ -1469,7 +1638,7 @@ void cache_reload(void)
    for (nl = hr->names; nl; nl = nl->next)
      {
 	if ((hr->flags & HR_4) &&
-	    (cache = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_POINTER_CREC)))
+	    (cache = get_config_crec()))
 	  {
 	    cache->name.namep = nl->name;
 	    cache->ttd = hr->ttl;
@@ -1478,7 +1647,7 @@ void cache_reload(void)
 	  }

 	if ((hr->flags & HR_6) &&
-	    (cache = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_POINTER_CREC)))
+	    (cache = get_config_crec()))
 	  {
 	    cache->name.namep = nl->name;
 	    cache->ttd = hr->ttl;
@@ -1570,8 +1739,7 @@ void cache_unhash_dhcp(void)
      if (cache->flags & F_DHCP)
 	{
 	  *up = cache->hash_next;
-	  cache->next = dhcp_spare;
-	  dhcp_spare = cache;
+	  free_config_crec(cache);
 	}
      else
 	up = &cache->hash_next;
@@ -1642,12 +1810,7 @@ void cache_add_dhcp_entry(char *host_name, int prot,
  else
    flags |= F_REVERSE;
  
-  if ((crec = dhcp_spare))
-    dhcp_spare = dhcp_spare->next;
-  else /* need new one */
-    crec = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_POINTER_CREC);
-  
-  if (crec) /* malloc may fail */
+  if ((crec = get_config_crec()))
    {
      crec->flags = flags | F_NAMEP | F_DHCP | F_FORWARD;
      if (ttd == 0)
@@ -1694,15 +1857,7 @@ static void make_non_terminals(struct crec *source)
 	  hostname_isequal(name, cache_get_name(crecp)))
 	{
 	  *up = crecp->hash_next;
-#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
-	  if (type & F_DHCP)
-	    {
-	      crecp->next = dhcp_spare;
-	      dhcp_spare = crecp;
-	    }
-	  else
-#endif
-	    free(crecp);
+	  free_config_crec(crecp);
 	  break;
 	}
      else
@@ -1735,17 +1890,7 @@ static void make_non_terminals(struct crec *source)
 	  continue;
 	}
      
-#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
-      if ((source->flags & F_DHCP) && dhcp_spare)
-	{
-	  crecp = dhcp_spare;
-	  dhcp_spare = dhcp_spare->next;
-	}
-      else
-#endif
-	crecp = whine_malloc(SIZEOF_POINTER_CREC);
-
-      if (crecp)
+      if ((crecp = get_config_crec()))
 	{
 	  crecp->flags = (source->flags | F_NAMEP) & ~(F_IPV4 | F_IPV6 | F_CNAME | F_RR | F_DNSKEY | F_DS | F_REVERSE);
 	  if (!(crecp->flags & F_IMMORTAL))
@@ -1852,15 +1997,31 @@ int cache_make_stat(struct txt_record *t)
 #endif

 /* There can be names in the cache containing control chars, don't 
-   mess up logging or open security holes. */
+   mess up logging or open security holes. Also convert to all-LC
+   so that 0x20-encoding doesn't make logs look like ransom notes
+   made out of letters cut from a newspaper.
+   Overwrites daemon->workspacename */
 static char *sanitise(char *name)
 {
-  unsigned char *r;
+  unsigned char *r = (unsigned char *)name;
+  
  if (name)
-    for (r = (unsigned char *)name; *r; r++)
-      if (!isprint((int)*r))
-	return "<name unprintable>";
-
+    {
+      char *d = name = daemon->workspacename;
+      
+      for (; *r; r++, d++)
+	if (!isprint((int)*r))
+	  return "<name unprintable>";
+	else
+	  {
+	    unsigned char c = *r;
+	    
+	    *d = (char)((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? c + 'a' - 'A' : c);
+	  }
+      
+      *d = 0;
+    }
+  
  return name;
 }

@@ -2058,9 +2219,9 @@ static char *querystr(char *desc, unsigned short type)
  unsigned int i;
  int len = 10; /* strlen("type=xxxxx") */
  const char *types = NULL;
-  static char *buff = NULL;
-  static int bufflen = 0;
-
+  static struct iovec buff = { NULL, 0 };
+  char *buffp;
+  
  for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(typestr)/sizeof(typestr[0])); i++)
    if (typestr[i].type == type)
      {
@@ -2075,37 +2236,28 @@ static char *querystr(char *desc, unsigned short type)
       len += strlen(desc);
    }
  len++; /* terminator */
-  
-  if (!buff || bufflen < len)
-    {
-      if (buff)
-	free(buff);
-      else if (len < 20)
-	len = 20;
-      
-      buff = whine_malloc(len);
-      bufflen = len;
-    }

-  if (buff)
+  if (!expand_buf(&buff, len))
+    return "";
+
+  buffp = buff.iov_base;
+  
+  if (desc)
    {
-      if (desc)
-	{
-	  if (types)
-	    sprintf(buff, "%s[%s]", desc, types);
-	  else
-	    sprintf(buff, "%s[type=%d]", desc, type);
-	}
+      if (types)
+	sprintf(buffp, "%s[%s]", desc, types);
      else
-	{
-	  if (types)
-	    sprintf(buff, "<%s>", types);
-	  else
-	    sprintf(buff, "<type=%d>", type);
-	}
+	sprintf(buffp, "%s[type=%d]", desc, type);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (types)
+	sprintf(buffp, "<%s>", types);
+      else
+	sprintf(buffp, "<type=%d>", type);
    }
  
-  return buff ? buff : "";
+  return buffp;
 }

 static char *edestr(int ede)
@@ -2142,10 +2294,20 @@ static char *edestr(int ede)
    case EDE_UNS_NS3_ITER:                return "unsupported NSEC3 iterations value";
    case EDE_UNABLE_POLICY:               return "uanble to conform to policy";
    case EDE_SYNTHESIZED:                 return "synthesized";
+    case EDE_US_SERVFAIL:                 return "upstream returned SERVFAIL";
    default:                              return "unknown";
    }
 }

+static int error_occured(unsigned int flags) {
+  if (flags & F_RCODE)
+    return 1;
+  else if (flags & F_NEG)
+    return 1;
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
 void log_query(unsigned int flags, char *name, union all_addr *addr, char *arg, unsigned short type)
 {
  char *source, *dest;
@@ -2153,12 +2315,20 @@ void log_query(unsigned int flags, char *name, union all_addr *addr, char *arg,
  char *extra = "";
  char *gap = " ";
  char portstring[7]; /* space for #<portnum> */
-  
+  char opcodestring[3]; /* maximum is 15 */
+
  if (!option_bool(OPT_LOG))
    return;

+  if(option_bool(OPT_LOG_ONLY_FAILED) && !error_occured(flags))
+    return;
+
+  /* F_NOERR is reused here to indicate logs arrising from auth queries */ 
+  if (!(flags & F_NOERR) && option_bool(OPT_AUTH_LOG))
+    return;
+
  /* build query type string if requested */
-  if (!(flags & (F_SERVER | F_IPSET)) && type > 0)
+  if (!(flags & (F_SERVER | F_IPSET | F_QUERY)) && type > 0)
    arg = querystr(arg, type);

  dest = arg;
@@ -2191,6 +2361,8 @@ void log_query(unsigned int flags, char *name, union all_addr *addr, char *arg,
 	    dest = "SERVFAIL";
 	  else if (rcode == REFUSED)
 	    dest = "REFUSED";
+	  else if (rcode == FORMERR)
+	    dest = "FORMERR";
 	  else if (rcode == NOTIMP)
 	    dest = "not implemented";
 	  else
@@ -2249,6 +2421,10 @@ void log_query(unsigned int flags, char *name, union all_addr *addr, char *arg,
    source = arg;
  else if (flags & F_UPSTREAM)
    source = "reply";
+  else if (flags & F_AUTH)
+    source = "auth";
+  else if (flags & F_QUERY)
+    source = "query";
  else if (flags & F_SECSTAT)
    {
      if (addr && addr->log.ede != EDE_UNSET && option_bool(OPT_EXTRALOG))
@@ -2259,8 +2435,6 @@ void log_query(unsigned int flags, char *name, union all_addr *addr, char *arg,
      source = "validation";
      dest = arg;
    }
-  else if (flags & F_AUTH)
-    source = "auth";
  else if (flags & F_DNSSEC)
    {
      source = arg;
@@ -2271,11 +2445,6 @@ void log_query(unsigned int flags, char *name, union all_addr *addr, char *arg,
      source = "forwarded";
      verb = "to";
    }
-  else if (flags & F_QUERY)
-    {
-      source = arg;
-      verb = "from";
-    }
  else if (flags & F_IPSET)
    {
      source = type ? "ipset add" : "nftset add";
@@ -2287,7 +2456,21 @@ void log_query(unsigned int flags, char *name, union all_addr *addr, char *arg,
    source = "cached-stale";
  else
    source = "cached";
-  
+
+  if (flags & F_QUERY)
+    {
+      if (flags & F_CONFIG)
+	{
+	  sprintf(opcodestring, "%u", type & 0xf);
+	  source = "non-query opcode";
+	  name = opcodestring;
+	}
+      else if (type > 0)
+	source = querystr(source, type);
+      
+      verb = "from";
+    }
+
  if (!name)
    gap = name = "";
  else if (!name[0])
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 #define TCP_BACKLOG 32  /* kernel backlog limit for TCP connections */
 #define EDNS_PKTSZ 1232 /* default max EDNS.0 UDP packet from from  /dnsflagday.net/2020 */
 #define KEYBLOCK_LEN 40 /* choose to minimise fragmentation when storing DNSSEC keys */
+#define NAMEBLOCK_CHARS 1500 /* quantum of memory allocation for names from /etc/hosts */
 #define DNSSEC_LIMIT_WORK 40 /* Max number of queries to validate one question */
 #define DNSSEC_LIMIT_SIG_FAIL 20 /* Number of signature that can fail to validate in one answer */
 #define DNSSEC_LIMIT_CRYPTO 200 /* max no. of crypto operations to validate one query. */
 #define DNSSEC_LIMIT_NSEC3_ITERS 150 /* Max. number if iterations allowed in NSEC3 record. */
+#define DNSSEC_ASSUMED_DS_TTL 3600 /* TTL for negative DS records implied by server=/domain/ */
 #define TIMEOUT 10     /* drop UDP queries after TIMEOUT seconds */
 #define SMALL_PORT_RANGE 30 /* If DNS port range is smaller than this, use different allocation. */
 #define FORWARD_TEST 50 /* try all servers every 50 queries */
@@ -51,6 +53,8 @@
 #define CHUSER "nobody"
 #define CHGRP "dip"
 #define TFTP_MAX_CONNECTIONS 50 /* max simultaneous connections */
+#define TFTP_MAX_WINDOW 32 /* max window size to negotiate */
+#define TFTP_TRANSFER_TIME 120 /* Abandon TFTP transfers after this long. Two mins. */
 #define LOG_MAX 5 /* log-queue length */
 #define RANDFILE "/dev/urandom"
 #define DNSMASQ_SERVICE "uk.org.thekelleys.dnsmasq" /* Default - may be overridden by config */
@@ -139,7 +143,8 @@ HAVE_LOOP
   include functionality to probe for and remove DNS forwarding loops.

 HAVE_INOTIFY
-   use the Linux inotify facility to efficiently re-read configuration files.
+   use the Linux and FreeBSD >= 15 inotify facility
+   to efficiently re-read configuration files.

 NO_ID
   Don't report *.bind CHAOS info to clients, forward such requests upstream instead.
@@ -152,6 +157,7 @@ NO_AUTH
 NO_DUMPFILE
 NO_LOOP
 NO_INOTIFY
+NO_IPSET
   these are available to explicitly disable compile time options which would 
   otherwise be enabled automatically or which are enabled  by default 
   in the distributed source tree. Building dnsmasq
@@ -296,7 +302,6 @@ HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
 #ifndef SOL_TCP
 #  define SOL_TCP IPPROTO_TCP
 #endif
-#define NO_IPSET

 #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
 #define HAVE_BSD_NETWORK
@@ -346,10 +351,24 @@ HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
 #undef HAVE_AUTH
 #endif

+#if !defined(HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK)
+#undef HAVE_NFTSET
+#endif
+
 #if defined(NO_IPSET)
 #undef HAVE_IPSET
 #endif

+#if defined(HAVE_IPSET)
+#  if defined(HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK)
+#    define HAVE_LINUX_IPSET
+#  elif defined(HAVE_BSD_NETWORK)
+#    define HAVE_BSD_IPSET
+#  else
+#    undef HAVE_IPSET
+#  endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef NO_LOOP
 #undef HAVE_LOOP
 #endif
@@ -358,8 +377,15 @@ HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
 #undef HAVE_DUMPFILE
 #endif

-#if defined (HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK) && !defined(NO_INOTIFY)
-#define HAVE_INOTIFY
+#if !defined(NO_INOTIFY)
+#  if defined (HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK)
+#    define HAVE_INOTIFY
+#  elif defined (__FreeBSD__) && __FreeBSD__ + 0 >= 15
+#    include <osreldate.h>
+#    if __FreeBSD_version >= 1500068 /* 15.0.0 */
+#      define HAVE_INOTIFY
+#    endif
+#  endif
 #endif

 /* This never compiles code, it's only used by the makefile to fingerprint builds. */
@@ -459,4 +485,4 @@ static char *compile_opts =
 #endif
 "dumpfile";

-#endif /* defined(HAVE_DHCP) */
+#endif /* defined(DNSMASQ_COMPILE_OPTS) */
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -126,20 +126,18 @@ int hash_init(const struct nettle_hash *hash, void **ctxp, unsigned char **diges

  if (ctx_sz < hash->context_size)
    {
-      if (!(new = whine_malloc(hash->context_size)))
+      if (!(new = whine_realloc(ctx, hash->context_size)))
 	return 0;
-      if (ctx)
-	free(ctx);
+      
      ctx = new;
      ctx_sz = hash->context_size;
    }
  
  if (digest_sz < hash->digest_size)
    {
-      if (!(new = whine_malloc(hash->digest_size)))
+      if (!(new = whine_realloc(digest, hash->digest_size)))
 	return 0;
-      if (digest)
-	free(digest);
+
      digest = new;
      digest_sz = hash->digest_size;
    }
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -530,8 +530,8 @@ static DBusMessage *dbus_add_lease(DBusMessage* message)
  union all_addr addr;
  time_t now = dnsmasq_time();
  unsigned char dhcp_chaddr[DHCP_CHADDR_MAX];
-
  DBusMessageIter iter, array_iter;
+
  if (!dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter))
    return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
 				  "Failed to initialize dbus message iter");
@@ -599,6 +599,10 @@ static DBusMessage *dbus_add_lease(DBusMessage* message)

  if (inet_pton(AF_INET, ipaddr, &addr.addr4))
    {
+      if (!daemon->dhcp)
+	return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+				      "DHCPv4 not configured");
+      
      if (ia_id != 0 || is_temporary)
 	return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
 				      "ia_id and is_temporary must be zero for IPv4 lease");
@@ -609,16 +613,25 @@ static DBusMessage *dbus_add_lease(DBusMessage* message)
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
  else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipaddr, &addr.addr6))
    {
+      if (!daemon->doing_dhcp6)
+	return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+				      "DHCPv6 not configured");
+      
      if (!(lease = lease6_find_by_addr(&addr.addr6, 128, 0)))
 	lease = lease6_allocate(&addr.addr6,
 				is_temporary ? LEASE_TA : LEASE_NA);
-      lease_set_iaid(lease, ia_id);
+      if (lease)
+	lease_set_iaid(lease, ia_id);
    }
 #endif
  else
    return dbus_message_new_error_printf(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
 					 "Invalid IP address '%s'", ipaddr);
-   
+
+  if (!lease) 
+    return dbus_message_new_error_printf(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+					 "unable to allocate lease for IP address '%s'", ipaddr);
+  
  hw_len = parse_hex((char*)hwaddr, dhcp_chaddr, DHCP_CHADDR_MAX, NULL, &hw_type);
  if (hw_len < 0)
    return dbus_message_new_error_printf(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
@@ -641,7 +654,7 @@ static DBusMessage *dbus_add_lease(DBusMessage* message)

 static DBusMessage *dbus_del_lease(DBusMessage* message)
 {
-  struct dhcp_lease *lease;
+  struct dhcp_lease *lease = NULL;
  DBusMessageIter iter;
  const char *ipaddr;
  DBusMessage *reply;
@@ -659,10 +672,10 @@ static DBusMessage *dbus_del_lease(DBusMessage* message)
   
  dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&iter, &ipaddr);

-  if (inet_pton(AF_INET, ipaddr, &addr.addr4))
+  if (inet_pton(AF_INET, ipaddr, &addr.addr4) && daemon->dhcp)
    lease = lease_find_by_addr(addr.addr4);
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
-  else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipaddr, &addr.addr6))
+  else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, ipaddr, &addr.addr6) && daemon->doing_dhcp6)
    lease = lease6_find_by_addr(&addr.addr6, 128, 0);
 #endif
  else
@@ -768,10 +781,10 @@ static DBusMessage *dbus_get_server_metrics(DBusMessage* message)
 	add_dict_entry(&dict_array, "address", daemon->namebuff);
 	
 	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "port", port);
-	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "queries", serv->queries);
-	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "failed_queries", serv->failed_queries);
-	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "nxdomain", serv->nxdomain_replies);
-	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "retries", serv->retrys);
+	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "queries", queries);
+	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "failed_queries", failed_queries);
+	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "nxdomain", nxdomain_replies);
+	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "retries", retrys);
 	add_dict_int(&dict_array, "latency", sigma_latency/count_latency);
 	
 	dbus_message_iter_close_container(&server_array, &dict_array);
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -701,13 +701,16 @@ static const struct opttab_t {
  { "user-class", 77, 0 },
  { "rapid-commit", 80, 0 },
  { "FQDN", 81, OT_INTERNAL },
-  { "agent-id", 82, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "agent-info", 82, OT_INTERNAL },
+  { "last-transaction", 91, 4 | OT_TIME },
+  { "associated-ip", 92, OT_ADDR_LIST },
  { "client-arch", 93, 2 | OT_DEC },
  { "client-interface-id", 94, 0 },
  { "client-machine-id", 97, 0 },
  { "posix-timezone", 100, OT_NAME }, /* RFC 4833, Sec. 2 */
  { "tzdb-timezone", 101, OT_NAME }, /* RFC 4833, Sec. 2 */
-  { "ipv6-only", 108, 4 | OT_DEC },  /* RFC 8925 */ 
+  { "ipv6-only", 108, 4 | OT_DEC },  /* RFC 8925 */
+  { "captive-portal", 114, OT_NAME },  /* RFC 8910 */
  { "subnet-select", 118, OT_INTERNAL },
  { "domain-search", 119, OT_RFC1035_NAME },
  { "sip-server", 120, 0 },
@@ -749,6 +752,7 @@ static const struct opttab_t opttab6[] = {
  { "ntp-server", 56, 0 /* OT_ADDR_LIST | OT_RFC1035_NAME */ },
  { "bootfile-url", 59, OT_NAME },
  { "bootfile-param", 60, OT_CSTRING },
+  { "captive-portal", 103, OT_NAME },  /* RFC 8910 */
  { NULL, 0, 0 }
 };
 #endif
@@ -1065,10 +1069,12 @@ void log_relay(int family, struct dhcp_relay *relay)
    {
      if (broadcast)
 	my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("DHCP relay from %s via %s"), daemon->addrbuff, relay->interface);
+      else if (relay->split_mode)
+	my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("DHCP split-relay from %s to %s via %s"), daemon->addrbuff, daemon->namebuff, relay->interface);
      else
 	my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("DHCP relay from %s to %s via %s"), daemon->addrbuff, daemon->namebuff, relay->interface);
    }
-  else
+  else 
    my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("DHCP relay from %s to %s"), daemon->addrbuff, daemon->namebuff);
 }
   
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@
 #define OPTION_RAPID_COMMIT      80
 #define OPTION_CLIENT_FQDN       81
 #define OPTION_AGENT_ID          82
+#define OPTION_LAST_TRANSACTION  91
+#define OPTION_ASSOCIATED_IP     92
 #define OPTION_ARCH              93
 #define OPTION_PXE_UUID          97
 #define OPTION_SUBNET_SELECT     118
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@
 #define SUBOPT_REMOTE_ID         2
 #define SUBOPT_SUBNET_SELECT     5     /* RFC 3527 */
 #define SUBOPT_SUBSCR_ID         6     /* RFC 3393 */
+#define SUBOPT_FLAGS             10    /* RFC 5010 */
 #define SUBOPT_SERVER_OR         11    /* RFC 5107 */

 #define SUBOPT_PXE_BOOT_ITEM     71    /* PXE standard */
@@ -87,6 +90,11 @@
 #define DHCPNAK                  6
 #define DHCPRELEASE              7
 #define DHCPINFORM               8
+#define DHCPFORCERENEW           9
+#define DHCPLEASEQUERY          10
+#define DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED     11
+#define DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN        12
+#define DHCPLEASEACTIVE         13

 #define BRDBAND_FORUM_IANA       3561 /* Broadband forum IANA enterprise */

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ static int complete_context(struct in_addr local, int if_index, char *label,
 			    struct in_addr netmask, struct in_addr broadcast, void *vparam);
 static int check_listen_addrs(struct in_addr local, int if_index, char *label,
 			      struct in_addr netmask, struct in_addr broadcast, void *vparam);
-static void relay_upstream4(int iface_index, struct dhcp_packet *mess, size_t sz);
-static struct dhcp_relay *relay_reply4(struct dhcp_packet *mess, char *arrival_interface);

 static int make_fd(int port)
 {
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
  struct dhcp_packet *mess;
  struct dhcp_context *context;
  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
-  int is_relay_reply = 0;
+  int is_relay_reply = 0, is_relay_use_source = 0;
  struct iname *tmp;
  struct ifreq ifr;
  struct msghdr msg;
@@ -144,13 +142,14 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
  struct iovec iov;
  ssize_t sz; 
  int iface_index = 0, unicast_dest = 0, is_inform = 0, loopback = 0;
-  int rcvd_iface_index;
+  int rcvd_iface_index, relay_index;
  struct in_addr iface_addr;
  struct iface_param parm;
  time_t recvtime = now;
 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK
  struct arpreq arp_req;
  struct timeval tv;
+  struct in_addr dst_addr;
 #endif
  
  union {
@@ -176,13 +175,11 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
      (sz < (ssize_t)(sizeof(*mess) - sizeof(mess->options)))) 
    return;
  
-#ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
-  dump_packet_udp(DUMP_DHCP, (void *)daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base, sz, (union mysockaddr *)&dest, NULL, fd);
-#endif
-  
 #if defined (HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK)
  if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGSTAMP, &tv) == 0)
    recvtime = tv.tv_sec;
+
+  dst_addr.s_addr = 0;
  
  if (msg.msg_controllen >= sizeof(struct cmsghdr))
    for (cmptr = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmptr; cmptr = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmptr))
@@ -194,7 +191,8 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
 	  } p;
 	  p.c = CMSG_DATA(cmptr);
 	  iface_index = p.p->ipi_ifindex;
-	  if (p.p->ipi_addr.s_addr != INADDR_BROADCAST)
+	  dst_addr = p.p->ipi_addr; 
+	  if (dst_addr.s_addr != INADDR_BROADCAST)
 	    unicast_dest = 1;
 	}

@@ -224,12 +222,44 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
 	  iface_index = *(p.i);
 	}
 #endif
-	
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
+  union mysockaddr *sockp = NULL;
+  
+#  ifdef HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK
+  union mysockaddr tosock;
+  
+  sockp = &tosock;
+  tosock.in.sin_port = htons(daemon->dhcp_server_port);
+  tosock.in.sin_addr = dst_addr;
+  tosock.sa.sa_family = AF_INET;
+#    ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
+  tosock.in.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+#    endif
+#  endif
+  
+  dump_packet_udp(DUMP_DHCP, (void *)daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base, sz, (union mysockaddr *)&dest, sockp, -1);
+#endif
+  	
  if (!indextoname(daemon->dhcpfd, iface_index, ifr.ifr_name) ||
      ioctl(daemon->dhcpfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) != 0)
    return;
  
  mess = (struct dhcp_packet *)daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base;
+  
+  /* Non-standard extension:
+     If giaddr == 255.255.255.255 we reply to the source
+     address in the request packet header. This makes
+     stand-alone leasequery clients easier, as they
+     can leave source address determination to the kernel.
+     In this case, set a flag and clear giaddr here,
+     to avoid massive relay confusion. */
+  if (mess->giaddr.s_addr == INADDR_BROADCAST)
+    {
+      mess->giaddr.s_addr = 0;
+      is_relay_use_source = 1;
+    }
+  
  loopback = !mess->giaddr.s_addr && (ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK);
  
 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK
@@ -272,10 +302,10 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
    unicast_dest = 1;
 #endif
  
-  if ((relay = relay_reply4((struct dhcp_packet *)daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base, ifr.ifr_name)))
+  if ((relay_index = relay_reply4((struct dhcp_packet *)daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base, (size_t)sz, ifr.ifr_name)))
    {
      /* Reply from server, using us as relay. */
-      rcvd_iface_index = relay->iface_index;
+      rcvd_iface_index = relay_index;
      if (!indextoname(daemon->dhcpfd, rcvd_iface_index, ifr.ifr_name))
 	return;
      is_relay_reply = 1; 
@@ -300,9 +330,12 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
 	if (tmp->name && (tmp->flags & INAME_4) && wildcard_match(tmp->name, ifr.ifr_name))
 	  return;
      
-      /* unlinked contexts/relays are marked by context->current == context */
+      /* unlinked contexts are marked by context->current == context */
      for (context = daemon->dhcp; context; context = context->next)
 	context->current = context;
+
+      for (relay = daemon->relay4; relay; relay = relay->next)
+	relay->matchcount = 0;
      
      parm.current = NULL;
      parm.ind = iface_index;
@@ -330,15 +363,16 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
      if (!iface_enumerate(AF_INET, &parm, (callback_t){.af_inet=complete_context}))
 	return;

-      relay_upstream4(iface_index, mess, (size_t)sz);
+      relay_upstream4(iface_addr, iface_index, mess, (size_t)sz, unicast_dest);
       
      /* May have configured relay, but not DHCP server */
      if (!daemon->dhcp)
 	return;

      lease_prune(NULL, now); /* lose any expired leases */
-      iov.iov_len = dhcp_reply(parm.current, ifr.ifr_name, iface_index, (size_t)sz, 
-			       now, unicast_dest, loopback, &is_inform, pxe_fd, iface_addr, recvtime);
+      iov.iov_len = dhcp_reply(parm.current, ifr.ifr_name, iface_index, (size_t)sz, now, unicast_dest,
+			       loopback, &is_inform, pxe_fd, iface_addr, recvtime,
+			       is_relay_use_source ? dest.sin_addr : mess->giaddr);
      lease_update_file(now);
      lease_update_dns(0);
      
@@ -365,11 +399,17 @@ void dhcp_packet(time_t now, int pxe_fd)
      if (mess->ciaddr.s_addr != 0)
 	dest.sin_addr = mess->ciaddr;
    }
-  else if (mess->giaddr.s_addr && !is_relay_reply)
+  else if ((is_relay_use_source || mess->giaddr.s_addr) && !is_relay_reply)
    {
-      /* Send to BOOTP relay  */
-      dest.sin_port = htons(daemon->dhcp_server_port);
-      dest.sin_addr = mess->giaddr; 
+      /* Send to BOOTP relay. */
+      if (is_relay_use_source)
+	/* restore as-received value */
+	mess->giaddr.s_addr = INADDR_BROADCAST;
+      else
+	{
+	  dest.sin_addr = mess->giaddr;
+	  dest.sin_port = htons(daemon->dhcp_server_port);
+	}
    }
  else if (mess->ciaddr.s_addr)
    {
@@ -627,8 +667,19 @@ static int complete_context(struct in_addr local, int if_index, char *label,
    }

  for (relay = daemon->relay4; relay; relay = relay->next)
-    if (relay->local.addr4.s_addr == local.s_addr)
-      relay->iface_index = if_index;
+    if (!relay->split_mode && relay->local.addr4.s_addr == local.s_addr)
+      {
+	if (if_index == param->ind)
+	  relay->iface_index = if_index;
+	
+	/* More than one interface with the relay address breaks things. */
+	if (relay->matchcount++ == 1 && !relay->warned)
+	  {
+	    relay->warned = 1;
+	    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &local, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+	    my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_WARNING, _("DHCP relay address %s appears on more than one interface"), daemon->addrbuff);
+	  }
+      }
  
  return 1;
 }
@@ -645,7 +696,7 @@ struct dhcp_context *address_available(struct dhcp_context *context,
  struct dhcp_context *tmp;

  for (tmp = context; tmp; tmp = tmp->current)
-    if (taddr.s_addr == context->router.s_addr)
+    if (taddr.s_addr == tmp->router.s_addr)
      return NULL;
  
  for (tmp = context; tmp; tmp = tmp->current)
@@ -1070,122 +1121,4 @@ char *host_from_dns(struct in_addr addr)
  return NULL;
 }

-static void relay_upstream4(int iface_index, struct dhcp_packet *mess, size_t sz)
-{
-  struct in_addr giaddr = mess->giaddr;
-  u8 hops = mess->hops;
-  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
-
-  if (mess->op != BOOTREQUEST)
-    return;
-
-  for (relay = daemon->relay4; relay; relay = relay->next)
-    if (relay->iface_index != 0 && relay->iface_index == iface_index)
-      break;
-
-  /* No relay config. */
-  if (!relay)
-    return;
-  
-  for (; relay; relay = relay->next)
-    if (relay->iface_index != 0 && relay->iface_index == iface_index)
-      {
-	union mysockaddr to;
-	union all_addr from;
-
-	mess->hops = hops;
-	mess->giaddr = giaddr;
-	
-	if ((mess->hops++) > 20)
-	  continue;
-	
-	/* source address == relay address */
-	from.addr4 = relay->local.addr4;
-
-	/* already gatewayed ? */
-	if (giaddr.s_addr)
-	  {
-	    /* if so check if by us, to stomp on loops. */
-	    if (giaddr.s_addr == relay->local.addr4.s_addr)
-	      continue;
-	  }
-	else
-	  {
-	    /* plug in our address */
-	    mess->giaddr.s_addr = relay->local.addr4.s_addr;
-	  }
-	
-	to.sa.sa_family = AF_INET;
-	to.in.sin_addr = relay->server.addr4;
-	to.in.sin_port = htons(relay->port);
-#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
-	to.in.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
-#endif
-	
-	/* Broadcasting to server. */
-	if (relay->server.addr4.s_addr == 0)
-	  {
-	    struct ifreq ifr;
-	    
-	    if (relay->interface)
-	      safe_strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, relay->interface, IF_NAMESIZE);
-	    
-	    if (!relay->interface || strchr(relay->interface, '*') ||
-		ioctl(daemon->dhcpfd, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, &ifr) == -1)
-	      {
-		my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_ERR, _("Cannot broadcast DHCP relay via interface %s"), relay->interface);
-		continue;
-	      }
-	    
-	    to.in.sin_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) &ifr.ifr_addr)->sin_addr;
-	  }
-	
-#ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
-	{
-	  union mysockaddr fromsock;
-	  fromsock.in.sin_port = htons(daemon->dhcp_server_port);
-	  fromsock.in.sin_addr = from.addr4;
-	  fromsock.sa.sa_family = AF_INET;
-
-	  dump_packet_udp(DUMP_DHCP, (void *)mess, sz, &fromsock, &to, -1);
-	}
-#endif
-	
-	 send_from(daemon->dhcpfd, 0, (char *)mess, sz, &to, &from, 0);
-	 
-	 if (option_bool(OPT_LOG_OPTS))
-	   {
-	     inet_ntop(AF_INET, &relay->local, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
-	     if (relay->server.addr4.s_addr == 0)
-	       snprintf(daemon->dhcp_buff2, DHCP_BUFF_SZ, _("broadcast via %s"), relay->interface);
-	     else
-	       inet_ntop(AF_INET, &relay->server.addr4, daemon->dhcp_buff2, DHCP_BUFF_SZ);
-	     my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("DHCP relay at %s -> %s"), daemon->addrbuff, daemon->dhcp_buff2);
-	   }
-      }
-  
-  /* restore in case of a local reply. */
-  mess->giaddr = giaddr;
-}
-
-
-static struct dhcp_relay *relay_reply4(struct dhcp_packet *mess, char *arrival_interface)
-{
-  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
-
-  if (mess->giaddr.s_addr == 0 || mess->op != BOOTREPLY)
-    return NULL;
-
-  for (relay = daemon->relay4; relay; relay = relay->next)
-    {
-      if (mess->giaddr.s_addr == relay->local.addr4.s_addr)
-	{
-	  if (!relay->interface || wildcard_match(relay->interface, arrival_interface))
-	    return relay->iface_index != 0 ? relay : NULL;
-	}
-    }
-  
-  return NULL;	 
-}     
-
 #endif
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ void dhcp6_init(void)
 void dhcp6_packet(time_t now)
 {
  struct dhcp_context *context;
+  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
  struct iface_param parm;
  struct cmsghdr *cmptr;
  struct msghdr msg;
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ void dhcp6_packet(time_t now)
  else
    {
      struct dhcp_bridge *bridge, *alias;
+      int multicast_dest = 0;
      
      for (tmp = daemon->if_except; tmp; tmp = tmp->next)
 	if (tmp->name && wildcard_match(tmp->name, ifr.ifr_name))
@@ -230,14 +232,24 @@ void dhcp6_packet(time_t now)
 	    context->current = context;
 	    memset(&context->local6, 0, IN6ADDRSZ);
 	  }
+
+      for (relay = daemon->relay6; relay; relay = relay->next)
+	relay->matchcount = 0;
+
+      inet_pton(AF_INET6, ALL_RELAY_AGENTS_AND_SERVERS, &all_servers);
+      if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&dst_addr, &all_servers))
+	multicast_dest = 1;
      
-      /* Ignore requests sent to the ALL_SERVERS multicast address for relay when
-	 we're listening there for DHCPv6 server reasons. */
      inet_pton(AF_INET6, ALL_SERVERS, &all_servers);
-      
-      if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&dst_addr, &all_servers) &&
-	  relay_upstream6(if_index, (size_t)sz, &from.sin6_addr, from.sin6_scope_id, now))
-	return;
+      if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&dst_addr, &all_servers))
+	multicast_dest = 1;
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Ignore requests sent to the ALL_SERVERS multicast address for relay when
+	     we're listening there for DHCPv6 server reasons. */
+	  if (relay_upstream6(if_index, (size_t)sz, &from.sin6_addr, from.sin6_scope_id, now))
+	    return;
+	}
      
      if (!iface_enumerate(AF_INET6, &parm, (callback_t){.af_inet6=complete_context6}))
 	return;
@@ -266,7 +278,7 @@ void dhcp6_packet(time_t now)
      
      lease_prune(NULL, now); /* lose any expired leases */
      
-      port = dhcp6_reply(parm.current, if_index, ifr.ifr_name, &parm.fallback, 
+      port = dhcp6_reply(parm.current, multicast_dest, if_index, ifr.ifr_name, &parm.fallback, 
 			 &parm.ll_addr, &parm.ula_addr, sz, &from.sin6_addr, now);
      
      /* The port in the source address of the original request should
@@ -444,7 +456,17 @@ static int complete_context6(struct in6_addr *local,  int prefix,
  if (match)
    for (relay = daemon->relay6; relay; relay = relay->next)
      if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(local, &relay->local.addr6))
-	relay->iface_index = if_index;
+	{
+	  relay->iface_index = if_index;
+
+	  /* More than one interface with the relay address breaks things. */
+	  if (relay->matchcount++ == 1 && !relay->warned)
+	    {
+	      relay->warned = 1;
+	      inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &local, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+	      my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_WARNING, _("DHCP relay address %s appears on more than one interface"), daemon->addrbuff);
+	    }
+	}
  
  return 1;
 }
@@ -812,7 +834,7 @@ void dhcp_construct_contexts(time_t now)
 	{
 	  if ((context->flags & CONTEXT_RA) || option_bool(OPT_RA))
 	    {
-	      /* previously constructed context has gone. advertise it's demise */
+	      /* previously constructed context has gone; advertise its demise */
 	      context->flags |= CONTEXT_OLD;
 	      context->address_lost_time = now;
 	      /* Apply same ceiling of configured lease time as in radv.c */
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
 #define EDNS0_OPTION_UMBRELLA       20292 /* Cisco Umbrella temporary assignment */

 /* RFC-8914 extended errors, negative values are our definitions */
+#define EDE_US_SERVFAIL    -2  /* SERVFAIL from usptream */
 #define EDE_UNSET          -1  /* No extended DNS error available */
 #define EDE_OTHER           0  /* Other */
 #define EDE_USUPDNSKEY      1  /* Unsupported DNSKEY algo */
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ static volatile pid_t pid = 0;
 static volatile int pipewrite;

 static void set_dns_listeners(void);
+#ifdef HAVE_TFTP
 static void set_tftp_listeners(void);
+#endif
 static void check_dns_listeners(time_t now);
 static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot);
 static void sig_handler(int sig);
@@ -38,7 +40,6 @@ static void async_event(int pipe, time_t now);
 static void fatal_event(struct event_desc *ev, char *msg);
 static int read_event(int fd, struct event_desc *evp, char **msg);
 static void poll_resolv(int force, int do_reload, time_t now);
-static void tcp_init(void);

 int main (int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -63,14 +64,16 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
  int need_cap_net_raw = 0;
  int need_cap_net_bind_service = 0;
  int have_cap_chown = 0;
+#  ifdef HAVE_DHCP
  char *bound_device = NULL;
  int did_bind = 0;
+#  endif
  struct server *serv;
  char *netlink_warn;
 #else
  int bind_fallback = 0;
 #endif 
-#if defined(HAVE_DHCP) || defined(HAVE_DHCP6)
+#if defined(HAVE_DHCP)
  struct dhcp_context *context;
  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
 #endif
@@ -78,6 +81,10 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
  int tftp_prefix_missing = 0;
 #endif

+#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK
+  (void)netlink_warn;
+#endif
+  
 #if defined(HAVE_IDN) || defined(HAVE_LIBIDN2) || defined(LOCALEDIR)
  setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
 #endif
@@ -120,6 +127,7 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
     This might be increased is EDNS packet size if greater than the minimum. */ 
  daemon->packet_buff_sz = daemon->edns_pktsz + MAXDNAME + RRFIXEDSZ;
  daemon->packet = safe_malloc(daemon->packet_buff_sz);
+  daemon->pipe_to_parent = -1;
  
  if (option_bool(OPT_EXTRALOG))
    daemon->addrbuff2 = safe_malloc(ADDRSTRLEN);
@@ -133,6 +141,7 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
 	 '.' or NAME_ESCAPE then all would have to be escaped, so the 
 	 presentation format would be twice as long as the spec. */
      daemon->keyname = safe_malloc((MAXDNAME * 2) + 1);
+      daemon->cname = safe_malloc((MAXDNAME * 2) + 1);
      /* one char flag per possible RR in answer section (may get extended). */
      daemon->rr_status_sz = 64;
      daemon->rr_status = safe_malloc(sizeof(*daemon->rr_status) * daemon->rr_status_sz);
@@ -421,16 +430,12 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
      /* safe_malloc returns zero'd memory */
      daemon->randomsocks = safe_malloc(daemon->numrrand * sizeof(struct randfd));

-      tcp_init();
-    }
+      daemon->tcp_pids = safe_malloc(daemon->max_procs*sizeof(pid_t));
+      daemon->tcp_pipes = safe_malloc(daemon->max_procs*sizeof(int));

-#ifdef HAVE_INOTIFY
-  if ((daemon->port != 0 && !option_bool(OPT_NO_RESOLV)) ||
-      daemon->dynamic_dirs)
-    inotify_dnsmasq_init();
-  else
-    daemon->inotifyfd = -1;
-#endif
+      for (i = 0; i < daemon->max_procs; i++)
+	daemon->tcp_pipes[i] = -1;
+    }

  if (daemon->dump_file)
 #ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
@@ -851,6 +856,17 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
    }
 #endif

+#ifdef HAVE_INOTIFY
+  if ((daemon->port != 0 && !option_bool(OPT_NO_RESOLV)) ||
+      daemon->dynamic_dirs)
+    inotify_dnsmasq_init(err_pipe[1]);
+  else
+    daemon->inotifyfd = -1;
+#endif
+  
+   /* Don't start logging malloc before logging is set up. */
+  daemon->log_malloc = option_bool(OPT_LOG_MALLOC);
+  
  if (daemon->port == 0)
    my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("started, version %s DNS disabled"), VERSION);
  else 
@@ -930,8 +946,27 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
 	my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("DNSSEC signature timestamps not checked until system time valid"));

      for (ds = daemon->ds; ds; ds = ds->next)
-	my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("configured with trust anchor for %s keytag %u"),
-		  ds->name[0] == 0 ? "<root>" : ds->name, ds->keytag);
+	{
+	  struct ds_config *ds1;
+	  
+	  for (ds1 = ds->next; ds1; ds1 = ds1->next)
+	    if (strcmp(ds->name, ds1->name) == 0 &&
+		ds->digestlen == ds1->digestlen &&
+		(ds->digestlen == 0 ||
+		 (ds->algo == ds1->algo &&
+		  ds->keytag == ds1->keytag &&
+		  ds->digest_type == ds1->digest_type &&
+		  memcmp(ds->digest, ds1->digest, ds->digestlen) == 0)))
+	      {
+		ds->name = NULL; /* Mark as duplicate */
+		break;
+	      }
+	  
+	  if (ds->name)
+	    my_syslog(LOG_INFO,
+		      ds->digestlen == 0 ? _("configured with negative trust anchor for %s") : _("configured with trust anchor for %s keytag %u"),
+		      ds->name[0] == 0 ? "<root>" : ds->name, ds->keytag);
+	}
    }
 #endif

@@ -1067,12 +1102,6 @@ int main (int argc, char **argv)
  
  pid = getpid();

-  daemon->pipe_to_parent = -1;
-
-  if (daemon->port != 0)
-    for (i = 0; i < daemon->max_procs; i++)
-      daemon->tcp_pipes[i] = -1;
-  
 #ifdef HAVE_INOTIFY
  /* Using inotify, have to select a resolv file at startup */
  poll_resolv(1, 0, now);
@@ -1327,11 +1356,42 @@ static void sig_handler(int sig)
      if (sig == SIGTERM || sig == SIGINT)
 	exit(EC_MISC);
    }
-  else if (pid != getpid())
+  else if (daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
    {
      /* alarm is used to kill TCP children after a fixed time. */
      if (sig == SIGALRM)
-	_exit(0);
+	{
+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+	  if (!daemon->forward_to_tcp)
+#endif
+	    _exit(0); /* Normal TCP child */
+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* udp_to_tcp transfer.
+		 If daemon->header_to_tcp is NULL the waiting is over and
+		 we can let things take their course, otherwise, send a failure
+		 return down the pipe to unblock the UDP transaction and kill
+		 the process. */
+	      if (daemon->header_to_tcp)
+		{
+		  unsigned char op = PIPE_OP_KILLED;
+		  int status = STAT_ABANDONED;
+		  
+		  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, &op, sizeof(op), RW_WRITE);
+		  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&status, sizeof(status), RW_WRITE);
+		  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)(&daemon->plen_to_tcp), sizeof(daemon->plen_to_tcp), RW_WRITE);
+		  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)(daemon->header_to_tcp), daemon->plen_to_tcp, RW_WRITE);
+		  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)(&daemon->forward_to_tcp), sizeof(daemon->forward_to_tcp), RW_WRITE);
+		  read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)(&daemon->forward_to_tcp->uid), sizeof(daemon->forward_to_tcp->uid), RW_WRITE);
+
+		  my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("TCP process for DNSSEC validation timed out"));
+
+		  _exit(0);
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
    }
  else
    {
@@ -1408,8 +1468,6 @@ void send_event(int fd, int event, int data, char *msg)
    while (writev(fd, iov, msg ? 2 : 1) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
 }

-/* NOTE: the memory used to return msg is leaked: use msgs in events only
-   to describe fatal errors. */
 static int read_event(int fd, struct event_desc *evp, char **msg)
 {
  char *buf;
@@ -1419,12 +1477,22 @@ static int read_event(int fd, struct event_desc *evp, char **msg)
  
  *msg = NULL;
  
-  if (evp->msg_sz != 0 && 
-      (buf = malloc(evp->msg_sz + 1)) &&
-      read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)buf, evp->msg_sz, RW_READ))
+  if (evp->msg_sz != 0)
    {
-      buf[evp->msg_sz] = 0;
-      *msg = buf;
+      if (!(buf = whine_malloc(evp->msg_sz + 1)))
+	{
+	  int i;
+	  unsigned char a;
+	  
+	  /* Keep the stream synchronised if malloc fails. */
+	  for (i = 0; i < evp->msg_sz; i++)
+	    read_write(fd, &a, 1, RW_READ);
+	}
+      else if (read_write(fd, (unsigned char *)buf, evp->msg_sz, RW_READ))
+	{
+	  buf[evp->msg_sz] = 0;
+	  *msg = buf;
+	}
    }

  return 1;
@@ -1477,6 +1545,26 @@ static void fatal_event(struct event_desc *ev, char *msg)
      /* fall through */
    case EVENT_TIME_ERR:
      die(_("cannot create timestamp file %s: %s" ), msg, EC_BADCONF);
+
+      /* fall through */
+    case EVENT_LINK_ERR:
+      die(_("cannot access path %s: %s" ), msg, EC_MISC);
+
+       /* fall through */
+    case EVENT_INOTFY_ERR:
+      die(_("failed to create inotify: %s" ), NULL, EC_MISC);
+
+      /* fall through */
+    case EVENT_TMSL_ERR:
+      die(_("too many symlinks following %s"), msg, EC_MISC);
+
+      /* fall through */
+    case EVENT_RESOLV_ERR:
+      die(_("directory %s for resolv-file is missing, cannot poll"), msg, EC_MISC);
+
+      /* fall through */
+    case EVENT_IFILE_ERR:
+      die(_("failed to create inotify for %s: %s"), msg, EC_MISC);
    }
 }	
      
@@ -1487,9 +1575,6 @@ static void async_event(int pipe, time_t now)
  int wstatus, i, check = 0;
  char *msg;
  
-  /* NOTE: the memory used to return msg is leaked: use msgs in events only
-     to describe fatal errors. */
-  
  if (read_event(pipe, &ev, &msg))
    switch (ev.event)
      {
@@ -1595,7 +1680,6 @@ static void async_event(int pipe, time_t now)
      case EVENT_SCRIPT_LOG:
 	my_syslog(MS_SCRIPT | LOG_DEBUG, "%s", msg ? msg : "");
        free(msg);
-	msg = NULL;
 	break;

 	/* necessary for fatal errors in helper */
@@ -1768,9 +1852,9 @@ void clear_cache_and_reload(time_t now)
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP
  if (daemon->dhcp || daemon->doing_dhcp6)
    {
+      reread_dhcp();
      if (option_bool(OPT_ETHERS))
 	dhcp_read_ethers();
-      reread_dhcp();
      dhcp_update_configs(daemon->dhcp_conf);
      lease_update_from_configs(); 
      lease_update_file(now); 
@@ -1933,17 +2017,21 @@ static void check_dns_listeners(time_t now)

 static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot)
 {
-  int confd, client_ok = 1;
+  int confd;
  struct irec *iface = NULL;
  pid_t p;
  union mysockaddr tcp_addr;
  socklen_t tcp_len = sizeof(union mysockaddr);
-  unsigned char a = 0, *buff;
  struct server *s; 
-  int flags, auth_dns;
+  int flags, auth_dns = 0;
  struct in_addr netmask;
  int pipefd[2];
-
+  struct iovec tcpbuff;
+#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK
+  unsigned char a = 0;
+#endif
+  netmask.s_addr = 0;
+  
  while ((confd = accept(listener->tcpfd, NULL, NULL)) == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  
  if (confd == -1)
@@ -1970,60 +2058,80 @@ static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot)
  
  enumerate_interfaces(0);
  
-  if (option_bool(OPT_NOWILD))
-    iface = listener->iface; /* May be NULL */
+  if (option_bool(OPT_NOWILD) || option_bool(OPT_CLEVERBIND))
+    {
+      if ((iface = listener->iface)) 
+	{
+	  netmask = iface->netmask;
+	  auth_dns = iface->dns_auth;
+	}
+    }
  else 
    {
-      int if_index;
+      int if_index, got_index = 0;
      char intr_name[IF_NAMESIZE];
      
-      /* if we can find the arrival interface, check it's one that's allowed */
+      /* if we can find the arrival interface, check it's one that's allowed
+	 tcp_interface() is not implemented on non-Linux platforms */
      if ((if_index = tcp_interface(confd, tcp_addr.sa.sa_family)) != 0 &&
 	  indextoname(listener->tcpfd, if_index, intr_name))
 	{
 	  union all_addr addr;
+
+	  got_index = 1;
 	  
 	  if (tcp_addr.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6)
 	    addr.addr6 = tcp_addr.in6.sin6_addr;
 	  else
 	    addr.addr4 = tcp_addr.in.sin_addr;
 	  
-	  for (iface = daemon->interfaces; iface; iface = iface->next)
-	    if (iface->index == if_index &&
-		iface->addr.sa.sa_family == tcp_addr.sa.sa_family)
-	      break;
-	  
-	  if (!iface && !loopback_exception(listener->tcpfd, tcp_addr.sa.sa_family, &addr, intr_name))
-	    client_ok = 0;
+	  if (!iface_check(tcp_addr.sa.sa_family, &addr, intr_name, &auth_dns) &&
+	      !loopback_exception(listener->tcpfd, tcp_addr.sa.sa_family, &addr, intr_name))
+	    goto closeconandreturn;
 	}
      
-      if (option_bool(OPT_CLEVERBIND))
-	iface = listener->iface; /* May be NULL */
-      else
+      /* When binding the wildcard address, try and get the
+	 netmask of the interface for localisation. */
+      for (iface = daemon->interfaces; iface; iface = iface->next)
+	if (sockaddr_isequal(&iface->addr, &tcp_addr))
+	  {
+	    netmask = iface->netmask;
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+      /* On platforms where tcp_interface() doesn't work, we rely
+	 of the presence of the local address of the connection in the
+	 interface list to check if we're accepting this connection and
+	 for its auth status. */
+      if (!got_index)
 	{
-	  /* Check for allowed interfaces when binding the wildcard address:
-	     we do this by looking for an interface with the same address as 
-	     the local address of the TCP connection, then looking to see if that's
-	     an allowed interface. As a side effect, we get the netmask of the
-	     interface too, for localisation. */
-	  
-	  for (iface = daemon->interfaces; iface; iface = iface->next)
-	    if (sockaddr_isequal(&iface->addr, &tcp_addr))
-	      break;
-	  
 	  if (!iface)
-	    client_ok = 0;
+	    goto closeconandreturn;
+
+	  auth_dns = iface->dns_auth;
 	}
    }
  
-  if (!client_ok)
-    goto closeconandreturn;
-  
  if (!option_bool(OPT_DEBUG))
    {
+      /* The code in edns0.c that decorates queries with the source MAC address depends
+	 on the code in arp.c, which populates a cache with the contents of the ARP table
+	 using netlink. Since the child process can't use netlink, we pre-populate
+	 the cache with the ARP table entry for our source here, including a negative entry
+	 if there is nothing for our address in the ARP table.
+	 
+	 When the edns0 code calls find_mac() in the child process, it will
+	 get the correct answer from the cache inherited from the parent
+	 without having to use netlink to consult the kernel ARP table.
+
+	 edns0_needs_mac() simply calls find_mac if any EDNS0 options
+	 which need a MAC address are enabled. */
+      
+      edns0_needs_mac(&tcp_addr, now);
+
      if (pipe(pipefd) == -1)
 	goto closeconandreturn; /* pipe failed */
-            
+
      if ((p = fork()) == -1)
 	{
 	  /* fork failed */
@@ -2051,7 +2159,7 @@ static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot)
 	     single byte comes back up the pipe, which
 	     is sent by the child after it has closed the
 	     netlink socket. */
-	  
+
 	  read_write(pipefd[0], &a, 1, RW_READ);
 #endif
 	  
@@ -2074,23 +2182,9 @@ static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot)
 	  
 	  return;
 	}
-    }
-         
-  if (iface)
-    {
-      netmask = iface->netmask;
-      auth_dns = iface->dns_auth;
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      netmask.s_addr = 0;
-      auth_dns = 0;
-    }
-  
-  /* Arrange for SIGALRM after CHILD_LIFETIME seconds to
-     terminate the process. */
-  if (!option_bool(OPT_DEBUG))
-    {
+      
+      /* Arrange for SIGALRM after CHILD_LIFETIME seconds to
+	 terminate the process. */
 #ifdef HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK
      /* See comment above re: netlink socket. */
      close(daemon->netlinkfd);
@@ -2107,10 +2201,8 @@ static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot)
  if ((flags = fcntl(confd, F_GETFL, 0)) != -1)
    while(retry_send(fcntl(confd, F_SETFL, flags & ~O_NONBLOCK)));

-  buff = tcp_request(confd, now, &tcp_addr, netmask, auth_dns);
-	      
-  if (buff)
-    free(buff);
+  tcp_request(confd, now, &tcpbuff, &tcp_addr, netmask, auth_dns);
+  free(tcpbuff.iov_base);
  
  for (s = daemon->servers; s; s = s->next)
    if (s->tcpfd != -1)
@@ -2122,6 +2214,10 @@ static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot)
  
  if (!option_bool(OPT_DEBUG))
    {
+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+       cache_update_hwm(); /* Sneak out possibly updated crypto HWM values. */
+#endif
+
      close(daemon->pipe_to_parent);
      flush_log();
      _exit(0);
@@ -2140,7 +2236,7 @@ static void do_tcp_connection(struct listener *listener, time_t now, int slot)
   cache_recv_insert() calls pop_and_retry_query() after the result 
   arrives via the pipe to the parent. */
 int swap_to_tcp(struct frec *forward, time_t now, int status, struct dns_header *header,
-		ssize_t *plen, int class, struct server *server, int *keycount, int *validatecount)
+		ssize_t *plen, char *name, int class, struct server *server, int *keycount, int *validatecount)
 {
  struct server *s;

@@ -2209,13 +2305,16 @@ int swap_to_tcp(struct frec *forward, time_t now, int status, struct dns_header
 	  close(daemon->netlinkfd);
 	  read_write(pipefd[1], &a, 1, RW_WRITE);
 #endif		  
+	  alarm(CHILD_LIFETIME);
 	  close(pipefd[0]); /* close read end in child. */
-	  daemon->pipe_to_parent = pipefd[1];	  
+	  daemon->pipe_to_parent = pipefd[1];
+	  daemon->forward_to_tcp = forward;
+	  daemon->header_to_tcp = header;
+	  daemon->plen_to_tcp = *plen;
 	}
    }
  
-  status = tcp_from_udp(now, status, header, plen, class, daemon->namebuff, daemon->keyname, 
-			server, keycount, validatecount);
+  status = tcp_from_udp(now, status, header, plen, class, name, server, keycount, validatecount);
  
  /* close upstream connections. */
  for (s = daemon->servers; s; s = s->next)
@@ -2228,10 +2327,10 @@ int swap_to_tcp(struct frec *forward, time_t now, int status, struct dns_header
  
   if (!option_bool(OPT_DEBUG))
     {
-       ssize_t m = -2;
+       unsigned char op = PIPE_OP_RESULT;

       /* tell our parent we're done, and what the result was then exit. */
-       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&m, sizeof(m), RW_WRITE);
+       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, &op, sizeof(op), RW_WRITE);
       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&status, sizeof(status), RW_WRITE);
       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)plen, sizeof(*plen), RW_WRITE);
       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)header, *plen, RW_WRITE);
@@ -2241,6 +2340,9 @@ int swap_to_tcp(struct frec *forward, time_t now, int status, struct dns_header
       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&keycount, sizeof(keycount), RW_WRITE);
       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)validatecount, sizeof(*validatecount), RW_WRITE);
       read_write(daemon->pipe_to_parent, (unsigned char *)&validatecount, sizeof(validatecount), RW_WRITE);
+      
+       cache_update_hwm(); /* Sneak out possibly updated crypto HWM values. */
+              
       close(daemon->pipe_to_parent);
       
       flush_log();
@@ -2411,8 +2513,4 @@ int delay_dhcp(time_t start, int sec, int fd, uint32_t addr, unsigned short id)
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_DHCP */

-void tcp_init(void)
-{
-  daemon->tcp_pids = safe_malloc(daemon->max_procs*sizeof(pid_t));
-  daemon->tcp_pipes = safe_malloc(daemon->max_procs*sizeof(int));
-}
+
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley
 
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

-#define COPYRIGHT "Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley"
+#define COPYRIGHT "Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley"

 /* We do defines that influence behavior of stdio.h, so complain
   if included too early. */
@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@
 #define ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
 #endif

+#if __GNUC__ + 0 >= 8 // clang 20.1.0 does not yet support this
+#define ATTRIBUTE_NONSTRING __attribute__ ((nonstring))
+#else
+#define ATTRIBUTE_NONSTRING
+#endif
+
 /* get these before config.h  for IPv6 stuff... */
 #include <sys/types.h> 
 #include <sys/socket.h>
@@ -195,6 +201,11 @@ struct event_desc {
 #define EVENT_TIME_ERR   24
 #define EVENT_SCRIPT_LOG 25
 #define EVENT_TIME       26
+#define EVENT_LINK_ERR   27
+#define EVENT_INOTFY_ERR 28
+#define EVENT_TMSL_ERR   29
+#define EVENT_RESOLV_ERR 30
+#define EVENT_IFILE_ERR  31

 /* Exit codes. */
 #define EC_GOOD        0
@@ -279,7 +290,13 @@ struct event_desc {
 #define OPT_CACHE_RR       71
 #define OPT_LOCALHOST_SERVICE  72
 #define OPT_LOG_PROTO      73
-#define OPT_LAST           74
+#define OPT_NO_0x20        74
+#define OPT_DO_0x20        75
+#define OPT_AUTH_LOG       76
+#define OPT_LEASEQUERY     77
+#define OPT_LOG_ONLY_FAILED  78
+#define OPT_LOG_MALLOC     79
+#define OPT_LAST           80

 #define OPTION_BITS (sizeof(unsigned int)*8)
 #define OPTION_SIZE ( (OPT_LAST/OPTION_BITS)+((OPT_LAST%OPTION_BITS)!=0) )
@@ -534,6 +551,12 @@ struct crec {
 #define SRC_HOSTS     2
 #define SRC_AH        3

+#define PIPE_OP_INSERT  1  /* Cache entry */
+#define PIPE_OP_RESULT  2  /* Validation result */
+#define PIPE_OP_STATS   3  /* Update parent's stats */
+#define PIPE_OP_IPSET   4  /* Update IPset */
+#define PIPE_OP_NFTSET  5  /* Update NFTset */
+#define PIPE_OP_KILLED  6  /* child killed by SIGALARM */

 /* struct sockaddr is not large enough to hold any address,
   and specifically not big enough to hold an IPv6 address.
@@ -551,9 +574,9 @@ union mysockaddr {


 /* The actual values here matter, since we sort on them to get records in the order
-   IPv6 addr, IPv4 addr, all zero return, resolvconf servers, upstream server, no-data return  */
-#define SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS    1  /* addr is the answer, or NoDATA is the answer, depending on the next four flags */
-#define SERV_USE_RESOLV         2  /* forward this domain in the normal way */
+   IPv6 addr, IPv4 addr, all zero return, no-data return, resolvconf servers, upstream server */
+#define SERV_USE_RESOLV         1  /* forward this domain in the normal way */
+#define SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS    2  /* addr is the answer, or NoDATA is the answer, depending on the next four flags */
 #define SERV_ALL_ZEROS          4  /* return all zeros for A and AAAA */
 #define SERV_4ADDR              8  /* addr is IPv4 */
 #define SERV_6ADDR             16  /* addr is IPv6 */
@@ -745,10 +768,9 @@ struct dyndir {
 #define STAT_NEED_DS            0x40000
 #define STAT_NEED_KEY           0x50000
 #define STAT_TRUNCATED          0x60000
-#define STAT_SECURE_WILDCARD    0x70000
-#define STAT_OK                 0x80000
-#define STAT_ABANDONED          0x90000
-#define STAT_ASYNC              0xa0000
+#define STAT_OK                 0x70000
+#define STAT_ABANDONED          0x80000
+#define STAT_ASYNC              0x90000

 #define DNSSEC_FAIL_NYV         0x0001 /* key not yet valid */
 #define DNSSEC_FAIL_EXP         0x0002 /* key expired */
@@ -762,6 +784,7 @@ struct dyndir {
 #define DNSSEC_FAIL_NSEC3_ITERS 0x0200 /* too many iterations in NSEC3 */
 #define DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET   0x0400 /* bad packet */
 #define DNSSEC_FAIL_WORK        0x0800 /* too much crypto */
+#define DNSSEC_FAIL_UPSTREAM    0x1000 /* SERVFAIL from UPSTREAM */

 #define STAT_ISEQUAL(a, b)  (((a) & 0xffff0000) == (b))

@@ -774,12 +797,13 @@ struct dyndir {
 #define FREC_DO_QUESTION       64
 #define FREC_HAS_PHEADER      128
 #define FREC_GONE_TO_TCP      256
+#define FREC_ANSWER           512

 struct frec {
  struct frec_src {
    union mysockaddr source;
    union all_addr dest;
-    unsigned int iface, log_id;
+    unsigned int iface, log_id, encode_bitmap, *encode_bigmap;
    int fd;
    unsigned short orig_id, udp_pkt_size;
    struct frec_src *next;
@@ -855,6 +879,8 @@ struct dhcp_lease {
  int last_interface;
  int new_interface;     /* save possible originated interface */
  int new_prefixlen;     /* and its prefix length */
+  unsigned char *agent_id, *vendorclass;
+  int agent_id_len, vendorclass_len;
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
  struct in6_addr addr6;
  unsigned int iaid;
@@ -1091,7 +1117,7 @@ struct ping_result {

 struct tftp_file {
  int refcount, fd;
-  off_t size;
+  off_t size, posn;
  dev_t dev;
  ino_t inode;
  char filename[];
@@ -1099,14 +1125,14 @@ struct tftp_file {

 struct tftp_transfer {
  int sockfd;
-  time_t timeout;
-  int backoff;
-  unsigned int block, blocksize, expansion;
+  u16 block_hi, ackprev;
+  time_t retransmit, start;
+  unsigned int lastack, block, blocksize, windowsize, timeout, expansion;
  off_t offset;
  union mysockaddr peer;
  union all_addr source;
  int if_index;
-  char opt_blocksize, opt_transize, netascii, carrylf;
+  unsigned char opt_blocksize, opt_transize, opt_windowsize, opt_timeout, netascii, carrylf, lastcarrylf, backoff;
  struct tftp_file *file;
  struct tftp_transfer *next;
 };
@@ -1127,10 +1153,12 @@ struct dhcp_relay {
  union {
    struct in_addr addr4;
    struct in6_addr addr6;
-  } local, server;
+  } local, server, uplink;
  char *interface; /* Allowable interface for replies from server, and dest for IPv6 multicast */
  int iface_index; /* working - interface in which requests arrived, for return */
  int port;        /* Port of relay we forward to. */
+  int split_mode;  /* Split address allocation and relay address. */
+  int warned, matchcount;
 #ifdef HAVE_SCRIPT
  struct snoop_record {
    struct in6_addr client, prefix;
@@ -1174,7 +1202,7 @@ extern struct daemon {
  char *runfile; 
  char *lease_change_command;
  struct iname *if_names, *if_addrs, *if_except, *dhcp_except, *auth_peers, *tftp_interfaces;
-  struct bogus_addr *bogus_addr, *ignore_addr;
+  struct bogus_addr *bogus_addr, *ignore_addr, *leasequery_addr;
  struct server *servers, *servers_tail, *local_domains, **serverarray;
  struct rebind_domain *no_rebind;
  int server_has_wildcard;
@@ -1185,6 +1213,7 @@ extern struct daemon {
  int log_fac; /* log facility */
  char *log_file; /* optional log file */
  int max_logs;  /* queue limit */
+  int log_malloc; /* log malloc/realloc/free */
  int randport_limit; /* Maximum number of source ports for query. */
  int cachesize, ftabsize;
  int port, query_port, min_port, max_port;
@@ -1245,12 +1274,15 @@ extern struct daemon {
  char *namebuff; /* MAXDNAME size buffer */
  char *workspacename;
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-  char *keyname; /* MAXDNAME size buffer */
+  char *keyname, *cname; /* MAXDNAME size buffer */
  unsigned long *rr_status; /* ceiling in TTL from DNSSEC or zero for insecure */
  int rr_status_sz;
  int dnssec_no_time_check;
  int back_to_the_future;
  int limit[LIMIT_MAX];
+  struct frec *forward_to_tcp;
+  struct dns_header *header_to_tcp;
+  ssize_t plen_to_tcp;
 #endif
  struct frec *frec_list;
  struct frec_src *free_frec_src;
@@ -1258,7 +1290,7 @@ extern struct daemon {
  struct serverfd *sfds;
  struct irec *interfaces;
  struct listener *listeners;
-  struct server *srv_save; /* Used for resend on DoD */
+  void *srv_save;      /* Used for resend on DoD and tftp prefetch */
  size_t packet_len;       /*      "        "        */
  int    fd_save;          /*      "        "        */
  pid_t *tcp_pids;
@@ -1350,6 +1382,13 @@ void cache_end_insert(void);
 void cache_start_insert(void);
 unsigned int cache_remove_uid(const unsigned int uid);
 int cache_recv_insert(time_t now, int fd);
+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+void cache_update_hwm(void);
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_IPSET) || defined(HAVE_NFTSET)
+void cache_send_ipset(unsigned char op, struct ipsets *sets,
+		      int flags, union all_addr *addr);
+#endif
 struct crec *cache_insert(char *name, union all_addr *addr, unsigned short class, 
 			  time_t now, unsigned long ttl, unsigned int flags);
 void cache_reload(void);
@@ -1386,15 +1425,15 @@ int is_rev_synth(int flag, union all_addr *addr, char *name);
 /* rfc1035.c */
 int do_doctor(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *namebuff);
 int extract_name(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **pp, 
-                 char *name, int isExtract, int extrabytes);
+                 char *name, int func, unsigned int parm);
 unsigned char *skip_name(unsigned char *ansp, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int extrabytes);
 unsigned char *skip_questions(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen);
 unsigned char *skip_section(unsigned char *ansp, int count, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen);
-unsigned int extract_request(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, 
-			       char *name, unsigned short *typep);
+unsigned int extract_request(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name,
+			     unsigned short *typep, unsigned short *classp);
 void setup_reply(struct dns_header *header, unsigned int flags, int ede);
 int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name,
-		      time_t now, struct ipsets *ipsets, struct ipsets *nftsets, int is_sign,
+		      time_t now, struct ipsets *ipsets, struct ipsets *nftsets,
                      int check_rebind, int no_cache_dnssec, int secure);
 #if defined(HAVE_CONNTRACK) && defined(HAVE_UBUS)
 void report_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t len, u32 mark);
@@ -1413,6 +1452,12 @@ int add_resource_record(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, int *truncp,
 			int *offset, unsigned short type, unsigned short class, char *format, ...);
 int in_arpa_name_2_addr(char *namein, union all_addr *addrp);
 int private_net(struct in_addr addr, int ban_localhost);
+int private_net6(struct in6_addr *a, int ban_localhost);
+/* extract_name ops */
+#define EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT   1
+#define EXTR_NAME_COMPARE   2
+#define EXTR_NAME_NOCASE    3
+#define EXTR_NAME_FLIP      4

 /* auth.c */
 #ifdef HAVE_AUTH
@@ -1429,7 +1474,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_by_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 int dnssec_validate_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char *name,
 		       char *keyname, int class, int *validate_count);
 int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char *name, char *keyname, int *class,
-			  int check_unsigned, int *neganswer, int *nons, int *nsec_ttl, int *validate_count);
+			  int check_unsigned, int *neganswer, int *prim_ok, int *nons, int *nsec_ttl, int *validate_count);
 int dnskey_keytag(int alg, int flags, unsigned char *key, int keylen);
 size_t filter_rrsigs(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen);
 int setup_timestamp(void);
@@ -1457,8 +1502,18 @@ unsigned char *do_rfc1035_name(unsigned char *p, char *sval, char *limit);
 void *safe_malloc(size_t size);
 void safe_strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t size);
 void safe_pipe(int *fd, int read_noblock);
-void *whine_malloc(size_t size);
-void *whine_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
+#define malloc_log(x, y) malloc_log_real(__func__, __LINE__, (x), (y))
+#define whine_malloc(x) whine_malloc_real(__func__, __LINE__, (x))
+#define whine_realloc(x, y) whine_realloc_real(NULL, __func__, __LINE__, (x), (y))
+#define expand_buf(x, y) expand_buf_real(__func__, __LINE__, (x), (y))
+#define expand_workspace(x, y, z) expand_workspace_real(__func__, __LINE__, (x), (y), (z))
+#define free(x) free_real(__func__, __LINE__, (x))
+void malloc_log_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, void *mem, size_t size);
+void free_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, void *ptr);
+void *whine_malloc_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, size_t size);
+void *whine_realloc_real(const char *wrapper, const char *func, unsigned int line, void *ptr, size_t size);
+int expand_buf_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, struct iovec *iov, size_t size);
+int expand_workspace_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, unsigned char ***wkspc, int *szp, int new);
 int sa_len(union mysockaddr *addr);
 int sockaddr_isequal(const union mysockaddr *s1, const union mysockaddr *s2);
 int sockaddr_isnull(const union mysockaddr *s);
@@ -1480,9 +1535,9 @@ int parse_hex(char *in, unsigned char *out, int maxlen,
 	      unsigned int *wildcard_mask, int *mac_type);
 int memcmp_masked(unsigned char *a, unsigned char *b, int len, 
 		  unsigned int mask);
-int expand_buf(struct iovec *iov, size_t size);
 char *print_mac(char *buff, unsigned char *mac, int len);
 int read_write(int fd, unsigned char *packet, int size, int rw);
+int read_writev(int fd, struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, int rw);
 void close_fds(long max_fd, int spare1, int spare2, int spare3);
 int wildcard_match(const char* wildcard, const char* match);
 int wildcard_matchn(const char* wildcard, const char* match, int num);
@@ -1522,11 +1577,11 @@ void return_reply(time_t now, struct frec *forward, struct dns_header *header, s
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
 void pop_and_retry_query(struct frec *forward, int status, time_t now);
 int tcp_from_udp(time_t now, int status, struct dns_header *header, ssize_t *n, 
-		 int class, char *name, char *keyname, struct server *server, 
+		 int class, char *name, struct server *server, 
 		 int *keycount, int *validatecount);
 #endif
-unsigned char *tcp_request(int confd, time_t now,
-			   union mysockaddr *local_addr, struct in_addr netmask, int auth_dns);
+void tcp_request(int confd, time_t now, struct iovec *bigbuff,
+		 union mysockaddr *local_addr, struct in_addr netmask, int auth_dns);
 void server_gone(struct server *server);
 int send_from(int fd, int nowild, char *packet, size_t len, 
 	       union mysockaddr *to, union all_addr *source,
@@ -1597,6 +1652,7 @@ void lease6_reset(void);
 struct dhcp_lease *lease6_find_by_client(struct dhcp_lease *first, int lease_type,
 					 unsigned char *clid, int clid_len, unsigned int iaid);
 struct dhcp_lease *lease6_find_by_addr(struct in6_addr *net, int prefix, u64 addr);
+struct dhcp_lease *lease6_find_by_plain_addr(struct in6_addr *addr);
 u64 lease_find_max_addr6(struct dhcp_context *context);
 void lease_ping_reply(struct in6_addr *sender, unsigned char *packet, char *interface);
 void lease_update_slaac(time_t now);
@@ -1609,6 +1665,8 @@ void lease_set_hwaddr(struct dhcp_lease *lease, const unsigned char *hwaddr,
 void lease_set_hostname(struct dhcp_lease *lease, const char *name, int auth, char *domain, char *config_domain);
 void lease_set_expires(struct dhcp_lease *lease, unsigned int len, time_t now);
 void lease_set_interface(struct dhcp_lease *lease, int interface, time_t now);
+void lease_set_agent_id(struct dhcp_lease *lease, unsigned char *new, int len);
+void lease_set_vendorclass(struct dhcp_lease *lease, unsigned char *new, int len);
 struct dhcp_lease *lease_find_by_client(unsigned char *hwaddr, int hw_len, int hw_type,  
 					unsigned char *clid, int clid_len);
 struct dhcp_lease *lease_find_by_addr(struct in_addr addr);
@@ -1629,9 +1687,13 @@ void lease_add_extradata(struct dhcp_lease *lease, unsigned char *data,
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP
 size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 		  size_t sz, time_t now, int unicast_dest, int loopback,
-		  int *is_inform, int pxe, struct in_addr fallback, time_t recvtime);
+		  int *is_inform, int pxe, struct in_addr fallback,
+		  time_t recvtime, struct in_addr leasequery_source);
 unsigned char *extended_hwaddr(int hwtype, int hwlen, unsigned char *hwaddr, 
 			       int clid_len, unsigned char *clid, int *len_out);
+void relay_upstream4(struct in_addr iface_addr, int iface_index,
+		     struct dhcp_packet *mess, size_t sz, int unicast);
+unsigned int relay_reply4(struct dhcp_packet *mess, size_t sz, char *arrival_interface);
 #endif

 /* dnsmasq.c */
@@ -1646,7 +1708,7 @@ void send_event(int fd, int event, int data, char *msg);
 void clear_cache_and_reload(time_t now);
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
 int swap_to_tcp(struct frec *forward, time_t now, int status, struct dns_header *header,
-		ssize_t *plen, int class, struct server *server, int *keycount, int *validatecount);
+		ssize_t *plen, char *name, int class, struct server *server, int *keycount, int *validatecount);
 #endif

 /* netlink.c */
@@ -1733,7 +1795,6 @@ void queue_relay_snoop(struct in6_addr *client, int if_index, struct in6_addr *p

 /* tftp.c */
 #ifdef HAVE_TFTP
-void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now);
 void check_tftp_listeners(time_t now);
 int do_tftp_script_run(void);
 #endif
@@ -1768,7 +1829,7 @@ void get_client_mac(struct in6_addr *client, int iface, unsigned char *mac,
  
 /* rfc3315.c */
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
-unsigned short dhcp6_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, int interface, char *iface_name,  
+unsigned short dhcp6_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, int multicast_dest, int interface, char *iface_name,  
 			   struct in6_addr *fallback, struct in6_addr *ll_addr, struct in6_addr *ula_addr,
 			   size_t sz, struct in6_addr *client_addr, time_t now);
 int relay_upstream6(int iface_index, ssize_t sz, struct in6_addr *peer_address, 
@@ -1851,7 +1912,7 @@ int detect_loop(char *query, int type);

 /* inotify.c */
 #ifdef HAVE_INOTIFY
-void inotify_dnsmasq_init(void);
+void inotify_dnsmasq_init(int errfd);
 int inotify_check(time_t now);
 void set_dynamic_inotify(int flag, int total_size, struct crec **rhash, int revhashsz);
 #endif
@@ -1865,7 +1926,6 @@ int do_poll(int timeout);
 /* rrfilter.c */
 size_t rrfilter(struct dns_header *header, size_t *plen, int mode);
 short *rrfilter_desc(int type);
-int expand_workspace(unsigned char ***wkspc, int *szp, int new);
 int to_wire(char *name);
 void from_wire(char *name);
 /* modes. */
@@ -1879,6 +1939,7 @@ unsigned char *find_pseudoheader(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen,
 size_t add_pseudoheader(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char *limit, 
 			int optno, unsigned char *opt, size_t optlen, int set_do, int replace);
 size_t add_do_bit(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char *limit);
+void edns0_needs_mac(union mysockaddr *addr, time_t now);
 size_t add_edns0_config(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char *limit, 
 			union mysockaddr *source, time_t now, int *cacheable);
 int check_source(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char *pseudoheader, union mysockaddr *peer);
@@ -1905,7 +1966,7 @@ size_t make_local_answer(int flags, int gotname, size_t size, struct dns_header
 			 char *name, char *limit, int first, int last, int ede);
 int server_samegroup(struct server *a, struct server *b);
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-int dnssec_server(struct server *server, char *keyname, int *firstp, int *lastp);
+int dnssec_server(struct server *server, char *keyname, int is_ds, int *firstp, int *lastp);
 #endif
 void mark_servers(int flag);
 void cleanup_servers(void);
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* dnssec.c is Copyright (c) 2012 Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
-           and Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Simon Kelley
+           and Copyright (c) 2012-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ static int get_rdata(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, struct rdata_state
 	      /* domain-name, canonicalise */
 	      int len;
 	      
-	      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &state->ip, state->buff, 1, 0) ||
+	      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &state->ip, state->buff, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0) ||
 		  (len = to_wire(state->buff)) == 0)
 		continue;
 	      
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ static int explore_rrset(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int class, int

      pstart = p;
      
-      if (!(res = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 0, 10)))
+      if (!(res = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 	return 0; /* bad packet */
      
      GETSHORT(stype, p);
@@ -370,45 +370,42 @@ static int explore_rrset(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int class, int
 	      
 	      GETSHORT(type_covered, p);
 	      p += 16; /* algo, labels, orig_ttl, sig_expiration, sig_inception, key_tag */
-	      
-	      if (gotkey)
+
+	      if (type_covered == type)
 		{
-		  /* If there's more than one SIG, ensure they all have same keyname */
-		  if (extract_name(header, plen, &p, keyname, 0, 0) != 1)
+		  if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, daemon->workspacename, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 		    return 0;
-		}
-	      else
-		{
-		  gotkey = 1;
-		  
-		  if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, keyname, 1, 0))
-		    return 0;
-		  
+
 		  /* RFC 4035 5.3.1 says that the Signer's Name field MUST equal
 		     the name of the zone containing the RRset. We can't tell that
 		     for certain, but we can check that  the RRset name is equal to
 		     or encloses the signers name, which should be enough to stop 
 		     an attacker using signatures made with the key of an unrelated 
-		     zone he controls. Note that the root key is always allowed. */
-		  if (*keyname != 0)
+		     zone he controls. Note that the root key is always allowed.
+		     Ignore sigs which aren't valid */
+		  if (*daemon->workspacename == 0 || hostname_issubdomain(name, daemon->workspacename) != 0)
 		    {
-		      char *name_start;
-		      for (name_start = name; !hostname_isequal(name_start, keyname); )
-			if ((name_start = strchr(name_start, '.')))
-			  name_start++; /* chop a label off and try again */
-			else
-			  return 0;
+		      if (gotkey)
+			{
+			  /* If there's more than one valid SIG, they must all have same keyname */
+			  if (!hostname_isequal(keyname, daemon->workspacename))
+			    return 0;
+			}
+		      else
+			{
+			  strcpy(keyname, daemon->workspacename);
+			  gotkey = 1;
+			}
+		      
+		      if (gotkey)
+			{
+			  if (!expand_workspace(&sigs, &sig_sz, sigidx))
+			    return 0; 
+		      
+			  sigs[sigidx++] = pdata;
+			}
 		    }
 		}
-		  
-	      
-	      if (type_covered == type)
-		{
-		  if (!expand_workspace(&sigs, &sig_sz, sigidx))
-		    return 0; 
-		  
-		  sigs[sigidx++] = pdata;
-		} 
 	      
 	      p = pdata + 6; /* restore for ADD_RDLEN */
 	    }
@@ -438,8 +435,6 @@ int dec_counter(int *counter, char *message)
 /* Validate a single RRset (class, type, name) in the supplied DNS reply 
   Return code:
   STAT_SECURE   if it validates.
-   STAT_SECURE_WILDCARD if it validates and is the result of wildcard expansion.
-   (In this case *wildcard_out points to the "body" of the wildcard within name.) 
   STAT_BOGUS    signature is wrong, bad packet.
   STAT_ABANDONED validation abandoned do to excess resource usage.
   STAT_NEED_KEY need DNSKEY to complete validation (name is returned in keyname)
@@ -455,7 +450,7 @@ int dec_counter(int *counter, char *message)
   ttl_out is the floor on TTL, based on TTL and orig_ttl and expiration of sig used to validate.
 */
 static int validate_rrset(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int class, int type, int sigidx, int rrsetidx, 
-			  char *name, char *keyname, char **wildcard_out, struct blockdata *key, int keylen,
+			  char *name, char *keyname, int *wildcard_offset_out, struct blockdata *key, int keylen,
 			  int algo_in, int keytag_in, unsigned long *ttl_out, int *validate_counter)
 {
  unsigned char *p;
@@ -463,13 +458,15 @@ static int validate_rrset(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, in
  struct crec *crecp = NULL;
  short *rr_desc = rrfilter_desc(type);
  u32 sig_expiration, sig_inception;
-  int failflags = DNSSEC_FAIL_NOSIG | DNSSEC_FAIL_NYV | DNSSEC_FAIL_EXP | DNSSEC_FAIL_NOKEYSUP;
-  
-  unsigned long curtime = time(0);
+    unsigned long curtime = time(0);
  int time_check = is_check_date(curtime);
+  int failflags = DNSSEC_FAIL_NOSIG;
  
-  if (wildcard_out)
-    *wildcard_out = NULL;
+  if (sigidx != 0)
+    failflags |= DNSSEC_FAIL_NYV | DNSSEC_FAIL_EXP | DNSSEC_FAIL_NOKEYSUP;
+
+  if (wildcard_offset_out)
+    *wildcard_offset_out = 0;
  
  name_labels = count_labels(name); /* For 4035 5.3.2 check */

@@ -503,7 +500,7 @@ static int validate_rrset(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, in
      GETLONG(sig_inception, p);
      GETSHORT(key_tag, p);
      
-      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, keyname, 1, 0))
+      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, keyname, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 	return STAT_BOGUS;

      if (!time_check)
@@ -568,13 +565,15 @@ static int validate_rrset(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, in
 	  
 	  p = rrset[i];
 	  
-	  if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 1, 10)) 
+	  if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10)) 
 	    return STAT_BOGUS;

 	  name_start = name;
 	  
 	  /* if more labels than in RRsig name, hash *.<no labels in rrsig labels field>  4035 5.3.2 */
-	  if (labels < name_labels)
+	  /* If the name is already the wildcard, we're not going to change it. */
+	  if (labels < name_labels &&
+	      !(name_labels - labels == 1 && name_start[0] == '*' && name_start[1] == '.'))
 	    {
 	      for (j = name_labels - labels; j != 0; j--)
 		{
@@ -584,11 +583,11 @@ static int validate_rrset(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, in
 		    name_start++;
 		}
 	      
-	      if (wildcard_out)
-		*wildcard_out = name_start+1;
-
+	      if (wildcard_offset_out)
+		*wildcard_offset_out = name_start - name + 1;
+	      
 	      name_start--;
-	      *name_start = '*';
+	      *name_start = '*';	      
 	    }
 	  
 	  wire_len = to_wire(name_start);
@@ -661,7 +660,7 @@ static int validate_rrset(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, in
      
      /* namebuff used for workspace above, restore to leave unchanged on exit */
      p = (unsigned char*)(rrset[0]);
-      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 1, 0))
+      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 	return STAT_BOGUS;

      if (key)
@@ -687,7 +686,7 @@ static int validate_rrset(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, in
 		  return STAT_ABANDONED;
 		
 		if (verify(crecp->addr.key.keydata, crecp->addr.key.keylen, sig, sig_len, digest, hash->digest_size, algo))
-		  return (labels < name_labels) ? STAT_SECURE_WILDCARD : STAT_SECURE;
+		  return STAT_SECURE;
 		
 		/* An attacker can waste a lot of our CPU by setting up a giant DNSKEY RRSET full of failing
 		   keys, all of which we have to try. Since many failing keys is not likely for
@@ -727,7 +726,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_by_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
  static unsigned char **cached_digest;
  static size_t cached_digest_size = 0;

-  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 || RCODE(header) != NOERROR || !extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 1, 4))
+  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 || RCODE(header) != NOERROR || !extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 4))
    return STAT_BOGUS | DNSSEC_FAIL_NOKEY;

  GETSHORT(qtype, p);
@@ -752,7 +751,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_by_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
  for (j = ntohs(header->ancount); j != 0; j--) 
    {
      /* Ensure we have type, class  TTL and length */
-      if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 0, 10)))
+      if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 	return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
  
      GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -904,7 +903,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_by_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 	      for (j = ntohs(header->ancount); j != 0; j--) 
 		{
 		  /* Ensure we have type, class  TTL and length */
-		  if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 0, 10)))
+		  if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 		    return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
 		  
 		  GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -992,54 +991,76 @@ int dnssec_validate_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char
 		       char *keyname, int class, int *validate_counter)
 {
  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)(header+1);
-  int qtype, qclass, rc, i, neganswer = 0, nons = 0, servfail = 0, neg_ttl = 0, found_supported = 0;
+  int qtype, qclass, rc, i, neganswer = 0, prim_ok = 0, nons = 0, servfail = 0, neg_ttl = 0, found_supported = 0;
  int aclass, atype, rdlen, flags;
  unsigned long ttl;
  union all_addr a;

-  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 ||
-      !(p = skip_name(p, header, plen, 4)))
-    return STAT_BOGUS;
-  
-  GETSHORT(qtype, p);
-  GETSHORT(qclass, p);
-
-  if (qtype != T_DS || qclass != class)
-    return STAT_BOGUS;
-
-  /* A SERVFAIL answer has been seen to a DS query not at start of authority,
+   /* A SERVFAIL answer has been seen to a DS query not at start of authority,
     so treat it as such and continue to search for a DS or proof of no existence
     further down the tree. */
  if (RCODE(header) == SERVFAIL)
    servfail = neganswer = nons = 1;
  else
-    {
-      rc = dnssec_validate_reply(now, header, plen, name, keyname, NULL, 0, &neganswer, &nons, &neg_ttl, validate_counter);
+    rc = dnssec_validate_reply(now, header, plen, name, keyname, NULL, 0, &neganswer, &prim_ok, &nons, &neg_ttl, validate_counter);
  
+  p = (unsigned char *)(header+1);
+  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 ||
+      !extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 4))
+    return STAT_BOGUS;
+  
+  GETSHORT(qtype, p);
+  GETSHORT(qclass, p);
+  
+  if (qtype != T_DS || qclass != class)
+    return STAT_BOGUS;
+
+  if (!servfail)
+    {
      if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_INSECURE))
 	{
-	  my_syslog(LOG_WARNING, _("Insecure DS reply received for %s, check domain configuration and upstream DNS server DNSSEC support"), name);
-	  log_query(F_NOEXTRA | F_UPSTREAM, name, NULL, "BOGUS DS - not secure", 0);
-	  return STAT_BOGUS | DNSSEC_FAIL_INDET;
+	  /* A INSECURE DS answer is OK if it's negative and there's a CNAME answer to the DS answer which is
+	     signed, since that's enough to prove that the DS record doesn't exist. */
+	  if (!neganswer || !prim_ok)
+	    {
+	      if (option_bool(OPT_BOGUSPRIV) &&
+		  (flags = in_arpa_name_2_addr(name, &a)) &&
+		  ((flags == F_IPV6 && private_net6(&a.addr6, 0)) || (flags == F_IPV4 && private_net(a.addr4, 0))))
+		{
+		  my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("Insecure reply received for DS %s, assuming that's OK for a RFC-1918 address."), name);
+		  neganswer = 1;
+		  nons = 0; /* If we're faking a DS, fake one with an NS. */
+		  neg_ttl = DNSSEC_ASSUMED_DS_TTL;
+		}
+	      else if (lookup_domain(name, F_DOMAINSRV, NULL, NULL))
+		{
+		  my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("Insecure reply received for DS %s, assuming non-DNSSEC domain-specific server."), name);
+		  neganswer = 1;
+		  nons = 0; /* If we're faking a DS, fake one with an NS. */
+		  neg_ttl = DNSSEC_ASSUMED_DS_TTL;
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  my_syslog(LOG_WARNING, _("Insecure DS reply received for %s, check domain configuration and upstream DNS server DNSSEC support"), name);
+		  log_query(F_NOEXTRA | F_UPSTREAM, name, NULL, "BOGUS DS - not secure", 0);
+		  return STAT_BOGUS | DNSSEC_FAIL_INDET; 
+		}
+	    }
 	}
-      
-      p = (unsigned char *)(header+1);
-      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 1, 4))
-	return STAT_BOGUS;
-
-      p += 4; /* qtype, qclass */
-      
-      /* If the key needed to validate the DS is on the same domain as the DS, we'll
-	 loop getting nowhere. Stop that now. This can happen of the DS answer comes
-	 from the DS's zone, and not the parent zone. */
-      if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_NEED_KEY) && hostname_isequal(name, keyname))
+      else
 	{
-	  log_query(F_NOEXTRA | F_UPSTREAM, name, NULL, "BOGUS DS", 0);
-	  return STAT_BOGUS;
+	  if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_NEED_KEY) && hostname_isequal(name, keyname))
+	    {
+	      /* If the key needed to validate the DS is on the same domain as the DS, we'll
+		 loop getting nowhere. Stop that now. This can happen of the DS answer comes
+		 from the DS's zone, and not the parent zone. */
+	      log_query(F_NOEXTRA | F_UPSTREAM, name, NULL, "BOGUS DS", 0);
+	      return STAT_BOGUS;
+	    }
+
+	  if (!STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_SECURE))
+	    return rc;
 	}
-  
-      if (!STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_SECURE))
-	return rc;
    }
  
  if (!neganswer)
@@ -1050,7 +1071,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char
 	{
 	  unsigned char *psave;

-	  if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, 0, 10)))
+	  if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 	    return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
 	  
 	  GETSHORT(atype, p);
@@ -1129,9 +1150,19 @@ int dnssec_validate_ds(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char
      /* We only cache validated DS records, DNSSECOK flag hijacked 
 	 to store presence/absence of NS. */
      if (nons)
-	flags &= ~F_DNSSECOK;
+	{
+	  if (lookup_domain(name, F_DOMAINSRV, NULL, NULL))
+	    {
+	      my_syslog(LOG_WARNING, _("Negative DS reply without NS record received for %s, assuming non-DNSSEC domain-specific server."), name);
+	      nons = 0;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    /* We only cache validated DS records, DNSSECOK flag hijacked 
+	       to store presence/absence of NS. */
+	    flags &= ~F_DNSSECOK;
+	}
    }
-  
+
  cache_start_insert();
  
  /* Use TTL from NSEC for negative cache entries */
@@ -1231,12 +1262,13 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsi
      int sig_labels, name_labels;

      p = nsecs[i];
-      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace1, 1, 10))
+      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace1, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;
      p += 8; /* class, type, TTL */
      GETSHORT(rdlen, p);
      psave = p;
-      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace2, 1, 0))
+
+      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace2, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 	return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;

      /* If NSEC comes from wildcard expansion, use original wildcard
@@ -1258,7 +1290,22 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsi
 	  workspace1--;
 	  *workspace1 = '*';
 	}
-	  
+
+      rdlen -= p - psave;
+      /* rdlen is now length of type map, and p points to it 
+	 packet checked to be as long as rdlen implies in prove_non_existence() */
+      
+      /* check that the first typemap is complete. */
+      if (rdlen < 2 || rdlen < p[1] + 2)
+	return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;
+
+      /* RFC 6672 5.3.4.1. */
+#define DNAME_OFFSET (T_DNAME >> 3)
+#define DNAME_MASK (0x80 >> (T_DNAME & 0x07))
+      if (p[0] == 0 && (p[1] >= DNAME_OFFSET + 1) && (p[2 + DNAME_OFFSET] & DNAME_MASK) != 0 &&
+	  hostname_issubdomain(name, workspace1) == 1)
+	return DNSSEC_FAIL_NONSEC;
+      
      rc = hostname_cmp(workspace1, name);
      
      if (rc == 0)
@@ -1269,16 +1316,12 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsi

 	  /* NSEC with the same name as the RR we're testing, check
 	     that the type in question doesn't appear in the type map */
-	  rdlen -= p - psave;
-	  /* rdlen is now length of type map, and p points to it 
-	     packet checked to be as long as rdlen implies in prove_non_existence() */
-	  
-	  /* If we can prove that there's no NS record, return that information. */
-	  if (nons && rdlen >= 2 && p[0] == 0 && (p[2] & (0x80 >> T_NS)) != 0)
-	    *nons = 0;
-	  
-	  if (rdlen >= 2 && p[0] == 0)
+	  if (p[0] == 0 && p[1] >= 1)
 	    {
+	      /* If we can prove that there's no NS record, return that information. */
+	      if (nons && (p[2] & (0x80 >> T_NS)) != 0)
+		*nons = 0;
+	    
 	      /* A CNAME answer would also be valid, so if there's a CNAME is should 
 		 have been returned. */
 	      if ((p[2] & (0x80 >> T_CNAME)) != 0)
@@ -1290,10 +1333,10 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsi
 	      if (name_labels != 0 && type == T_DS && (p[2] & (0x80 >> T_SOA)) != 0)
 		return DNSSEC_FAIL_NONSEC;
 	    }
-
-	  while (rdlen >= 2)
+	  
+	  while (rdlen > 0)
 	    {
-	      if (!CHECK_LEN(header, p, plen, rdlen))
+	      if (rdlen < 2 || rdlen < p[1] + 2)
 		return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;
 	      
 	      if (p[0] == type >> 8)
@@ -1380,7 +1423,10 @@ static int base32_decode(char *in, unsigned char *out)
 	    oc |= 1;
 	  mask = mask >> 1;
 	  if (((++on) & 7) == 0)
-	    *p++ = oc;
+	    {
+	      *p++ = oc;
+	      oc = 0;
+	    }
 	  oc = oc << 1;
 	}
    }
@@ -1400,7 +1446,7 @@ static int check_nsec3_coverage(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int dige
  for (i = 0; i < nsec_count; i++)
    if ((p = nsecs[i]))
      {
-       	if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace1, 1, 10) ||
+       	if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace1, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10) ||
 	    !(base32_len = base32_decode(workspace1, (unsigned char *)workspace2)))
 	  return 0;
 	
@@ -1433,7 +1479,11 @@ static int check_nsec3_coverage(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int dige
 		p += hash_len; /* skip next-domain hash */
 		rdlen -= p - psave;

-		if (rdlen >= 2 && p[0] == 0)
+		/* check that the first typemap is complete. */
+		if (rdlen < 2 || rdlen < p[1] + 2)
+		  return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;
+		
+		if (p[0] == 0 && p[1] >= 1)
 		  {
 		    /* If we can prove that there's no NS record, return that information. */
 		    if (nons && (p[2] & (0x80 >> T_NS)) != 0)
@@ -1451,8 +1501,11 @@ static int check_nsec3_coverage(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int dige
 		      return 0;
 		  }

-		while (rdlen >= 2)
+		while (rdlen > 0)
 		  {
+		    if (rdlen < 2 || rdlen < p[1] + 2)
+		      return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;
+
 		    if (p[0] == type >> 8)
 		      {
 			/* Does the NSEC3 say our type exists? */
@@ -1499,11 +1552,11 @@ static int check_nsec3_coverage(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, int dige

 /* returns 0 on success, or DNSSEC_FAIL_* value on failure. */
 static int prove_non_existence_nsec3(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **nsecs, int nsec_count, char *workspace1,
-				     char *workspace2, char *name, int type, char *wildname, int *nons, int *validate_counter)
+				     char *workspace2, char *name, int type, int wild_offset, int *nons, int *validate_counter)
 {
  unsigned char *salt, *p, *digest;
  int digest_len, i, iterations, salt_len, base32_len, algo = 0;
-  struct nettle_hash const *hash;
+  struct nettle_hash const *hash = NULL;
  char *closest_encloser, *next_closest, *wildcard;
  
  if (nons)
@@ -1597,9 +1650,9 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec3(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, uns
      if (*closest_encloser == '.')
 	closest_encloser++;

-      if (wildname && hostname_isequal(closest_encloser, wildname))
+      if (wild_offset != 0 && name - closest_encloser == wild_offset)
 	break;
-
+      
      if (dec_counter(validate_counter, NULL))
 	return DNSSEC_FAIL_WORK;
      
@@ -1609,7 +1662,7 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec3(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, uns
      for (i = 0; i < nsec_count; i++)
 	if ((p = nsecs[i]))
 	  {
-	    if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace1, 1, 0))
+	    if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, workspace1, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 	      return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;

 	    if (!(base32_len = base32_decode(workspace1, (unsigned char *)workspace2)))
@@ -1641,7 +1694,7 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec3(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, uns
    return DNSSEC_FAIL_NONSEC;
  
  /* Finally, check that there's no seat of wildcard synthesis */
-  if (!wildname)
+  if (wild_offset == 0)
    {
      if (!(wildcard = strchr(next_closest, '.')) || wildcard == next_closest)
 	return DNSSEC_FAIL_NONSEC;
@@ -1664,7 +1717,7 @@ static int prove_non_existence_nsec3(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, uns

 /* returns 0 on success, or DNSSEC_FAIL_* value on failure. */
 static int prove_non_existence(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char *keyname, char *name, int qtype, int qclass,
-			       char *wildname, int *nons, int *nsec_ttl, int *validate_counter)
+			      int wild_offset, int *nons, int *nsec_ttl, int *validate_counter)
 {
  static unsigned char **nsecset = NULL, **rrsig_labels = NULL;
  static int nsecset_sz = 0, rrsig_labels_sz = 0;
@@ -1684,7 +1737,7 @@ static int prove_non_existence(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char *key
    {
      unsigned char *pstart = p;
      
-      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, daemon->workspacename, 1, 10))
+      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p, daemon->workspacename, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;
 	  
      GETSHORT(type, p); 
@@ -1735,7 +1788,7 @@ static int prove_non_existence(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char *key
 		{
 		  unsigned char *psav;

-		  if (!(res = extract_name(header, plen, &p1, daemon->workspacename, 0, 10)))
+		  if (!(res = extract_name(header, plen, &p1, daemon->workspacename, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 		    return DNSSEC_FAIL_BADPACKET;
 		  
 		   GETSHORT(type1, p1); 
@@ -1812,7 +1865,7 @@ static int prove_non_existence(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char *key
  if (type_found == T_NSEC)
    return prove_non_existence_nsec(header, plen, nsecset, rrsig_labels, nsecs_found, daemon->workspacename, keyname, name, qtype, nons);
  else if (type_found == T_NSEC3)
-    return prove_non_existence_nsec3(header, plen, nsecset, nsecs_found, daemon->workspacename, keyname, name, qtype, wildname, nons, validate_counter);
+    return prove_non_existence_nsec3(header, plen, nsecset, nsecs_found, daemon->workspacename, keyname, name, qtype, wild_offset, nons, validate_counter);
  else
    return DNSSEC_FAIL_NONSEC;
 }
@@ -1919,16 +1972,18 @@ static int zone_status(char *name, int class, char *keyname, time_t now)
   if the nons argument is non-NULL.
 */
 int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, char *name, char *keyname, 
-			  int *class, int check_unsigned, int *neganswer, int *nons, int *nsec_ttl, int *validate_counter)
+			  int *class, int check_unsigned, int *neganswer, int *prim_ok, int *nons, int *nsec_ttl, int *validate_counter)
 {
  static unsigned char **targets = NULL;
  static int target_sz = 0;

-  unsigned char *ans_start, *p1, *p2;
-  int type1, class1, rdlen1 = 0, type2, class2, rdlen2, qclass, qtype, targetidx;
-  int i, j, rc = STAT_INSECURE;
+  unsigned char *ans_start, *p1, *p2, *p3;
+  int type1, class1, rdlen1 = 0, type2, class2, rdlen2, qclass, qtype, targetidx, gotdname;
+  int i, j, k, rc = STAT_INSECURE;
  int secure = STAT_SECURE;
  int rc_nsec;
+  unsigned long ttl;
+  
  /* extend rr_status if necessary */
  if (daemon->rr_status_sz < ntohs(header->ancount) + ntohs(header->nscount))
    {
@@ -1946,8 +2001,11 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
  
  if (neganswer)
    *neganswer = 0;
+
+  if (RCODE(header) == SERVFAIL)
+    return STAT_BOGUS | DNSSEC_FAIL_UPSTREAM;
  
-  if (RCODE(header) == SERVFAIL || ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1)
+  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1)
    return STAT_BOGUS;
  
  if (RCODE(header) != NXDOMAIN && RCODE(header) != NOERROR)
@@ -1965,7 +2023,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
  targets[0] = p1;
  targetidx = 1;
   
-  if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p1, name, 1, 4))
+  if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 4))
    return STAT_BOGUS;
  
  GETSHORT(qtype, p1);
@@ -1975,27 +2033,119 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
  /* Can't validate an RRSIG query */
  if (qtype == T_RRSIG)
    return STAT_INSECURE;
+
+  /* Find CNAME targets. */
+  for (gotdname = i = 0; i < ntohs(header->ancount); i++) 
+    {
+      if (!(p1 = skip_name(p1, header, plen, 10)))
+	return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
+      
+      GETSHORT(type1, p1); 
+      GETSHORT(class1, p1);
+      p1 += 4; /* TTL */
+      GETSHORT(rdlen1, p1);  
+      
+      if (type1 == T_DNAME)
+	gotdname = 1;
+      
+      if (qtype != T_CNAME && qtype != T_ANY && type1 == T_CNAME && class1 == qclass)
+	{
+	  if (!expand_workspace(&targets, &target_sz, targetidx))
+	    return STAT_BOGUS;
+	  
+	  targets[targetidx++] = p1; /* pointer to target name */
+	}
+      
+      if (!ADD_RDLEN(header, p1, plen, rdlen1))
+	return STAT_BOGUS;
+    }
  
-  if (qtype != T_CNAME && qtype != T_ANY)
-    for (j = ntohs(header->ancount); j != 0; j--) 
+  /* A DNAME capable of sythesising a CNAME means we don't need to validate the CNAME,
+     we can just assume that it's valid. RFC 4035 3.2.3 */
+  if (gotdname)
+    for (p1 = ans_start, i = 0; i < ntohs(header->ancount); i++) 
      {
-	if (!(p1 = skip_name(p1, header, plen, 10)))
+	if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	  return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
 	
-	GETSHORT(type2, p1); 
-	p1 += 6; /* class, TTL */
-	GETSHORT(rdlen2, p1);  
+	GETSHORT(type1, p1); 
+	GETSHORT(class1, p1);
+	p1 += 4; /* TTL */
+	GETSHORT(rdlen1, p1);  
 	
-	if (type2 == T_CNAME)
+	if (type1 != T_DNAME)
 	  {
-	    if (!expand_workspace(&targets, &target_sz, targetidx))
+	    if (!ADD_RDLEN(header, p1, plen, rdlen1))
 	      return STAT_BOGUS;
-	    
-	    targets[targetidx++] = p1; /* pointer to target name */
 	  }
-	
-	if (!ADD_RDLEN(header, p1, plen, rdlen2))
-	  return STAT_BOGUS;
+	else
+	  {
+	    if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p1, keyname, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
+	      return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
+	    
+	    /* We now have the name of the DNAME in name, and the target in keyname.
+	       Look for any CNAMEs which could have been synthesised from this DNAME
+	       and pre-qualify them. */
+	    for (p2 = ans_start, j = 0; j < ntohs(header->ancount); j++)
+	      {
+		if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p2, daemon->cname, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
+		  return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
+		
+		GETSHORT(type2, p2); 
+		GETSHORT(class2, p2);
+		GETLONG(ttl, p2);
+		GETSHORT(rdlen2, p2);  
+		
+		if (type2 != T_CNAME || class2 != class1)
+		  {
+		    if (!ADD_RDLEN(header, p2, plen, rdlen2))
+		      return STAT_BOGUS;
+		  }
+		else
+		  {
+		    size_t name_prefix_len = strlen(daemon->cname) - strlen(name);
+		    
+		    if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p2, daemon->workspacename, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
+		      return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
+		    
+		    /* We have the name of the CNAME in daemon->cname, and the target in daemon->workspacename.
+		       See if the CNAME was sythesised from the DNAME.
+		       CNAME must be <subdomain>.<dname>
+		       CNAME target must be <subdomain>.<dname_target>
+		       <subdomain>s must match for name and target. */ 
+		    if (hostname_issubdomain(daemon->cname, name) == 1 &&
+			hostname_issubdomain(daemon->workspacename, keyname) == 1 &&
+			name_prefix_len == strlen(daemon->workspacename) - strlen(keyname))
+		      {
+			char save = daemon->cname[name_prefix_len];
+			daemon->cname[name_prefix_len] = 0;
+			daemon->workspacename[name_prefix_len] = 0;
+			
+			if (hostname_isequal(daemon->cname, daemon->workspacename))
+			  {
+			    /* pre-qualify this as validated */
+			    daemon->rr_status[j] = ttl > 0 ? ttl : 1;
+			    
+			    /* and remove it from the targets we need to have validated answers to. */
+			    if (class2 == qclass)
+			      {
+				daemon->cname[name_prefix_len] = save;
+				for (k = 0; k <targetidx; k++)
+				  if ((p3 = targets[k]))
+				    {
+				      int rc1;
+				      if (!(rc1 = extract_name(header, plen, &p3, daemon->cname, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 0)))
+					return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
+				      
+				      if (rc1 == 1)
+					targets[k] = NULL;
+				    }
+			      }
+			  }
+		      }
+		  }
+	      }
+	  }
      }
  
  for (p1 = ans_start, i = 0; i < ntohs(header->ancount) + ntohs(header->nscount); i++)
@@ -2003,7 +2153,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
      if (i != 0 && !ADD_RDLEN(header, p1, plen, rdlen1))
 	return STAT_BOGUS;
      
-      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p1, name, 1, 10))
+      if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
      
      GETSHORT(type1, p1);
@@ -2014,11 +2164,15 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
      /* Don't try and validate RRSIGs! */
      if (type1 == T_RRSIG)
 	continue;
+
+      /* Pre-validated by DNAME above don't validate. */
+      if (daemon->rr_status[i] != 0)
+	continue;
      
      /* Check if we've done this RRset already */
      for (p2 = ans_start, j = 0; j < i; j++)
 	{
-	  if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p2, name, 0, 10)))
+	  if (!(rc = extract_name(header, plen, &p2, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 	    return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
 	  
 	  GETSHORT(type2, p2);
@@ -2039,47 +2193,32 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
      else
 	{
 	  /* Not done, validate now */
-	  int sigcnt, rrcnt;
-	  char *wildname;
+	  int sigcnt, rrcnt, wild_offset;
 	  
 	  if (!explore_rrset(header, plen, class1, type1, name, keyname, &sigcnt, &rrcnt))
 	    return STAT_BOGUS;
 	  
-	  /* No signatures for RRset. We can be configured to assume this is OK and return an INSECURE result. */
-	  if (sigcnt == 0)
-	    {
-	      /* NSEC and NSEC3 records must be signed. We make this assumption elsewhere. */
-	      if (type1 == T_NSEC || type1 == T_NSEC3)
-		return STAT_BOGUS | DNSSEC_FAIL_NOSIG;
-	      else if (nons && i >= ntohs(header->ancount))
-		/* If we're validating a DS reply, rather than looking for the value of AD bit,
-		   we only care that NSEC and NSEC3 RRs in the auth section are signed. 
-		   Return SECURE even if others (SOA....) are not. */
-		rc = STAT_SECURE;
-	      else
-		{
-		  /* unsigned RRsets in auth section are not BOGUS, but do make reply insecure. */
-		  if (check_unsigned && i < ntohs(header->ancount))
-		    {
-		      rc = zone_status(name, class1, keyname, now);
-		      if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_SECURE))
-			rc = STAT_BOGUS | DNSSEC_FAIL_NOSIG;
-		      
-		      if (class)
-			*class = class1; /* Class for NEED_DS or NEED_KEY */
-		    }
-		  else 
-		    rc = STAT_INSECURE; 
-		  
-		  if (!STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_INSECURE))
-		    return rc;
-		}
-	    }
+	  /* NSEC and NSEC3 records must be signed. We make this assumption elsewhere. */
+	  if (sigcnt == 0 && (type1 == T_NSEC || type1 == T_NSEC3))
+	    return STAT_BOGUS | DNSSEC_FAIL_NOSIG;
+	  else if (sigcnt == 0 && nons && i >= ntohs(header->ancount))
+	    /* If we're validating a DS reply, rather than looking for the value of AD bit,
+	       we only care that NSEC and NSEC3 RRs in the auth section are signed. 
+	       Return SECURE even if others (SOA....) are not. */
+	    rc = STAT_SECURE;
+	  else if (sigcnt == 0 && (!check_unsigned || i >= ntohs(header->ancount)))
+	    /* unsigned RRsets in auth section are not BOGUS, but do make reply insecure. */
+	    rc = STAT_INSECURE;
 	  else
 	    {
-	      /* explore_rrset() gives us key name from sigs in keyname.
+	      /* explore_rrset() gives us zone name from sigs in keyname, if
+		 it didn't find a key, use the name we're validating.
 		 Can't overwrite name here. */
-	      strcpy(daemon->workspacename, keyname);
+	      if (sigcnt == 0)
+		strcpy(daemon->workspacename, name);
+	      else
+		strcpy(daemon->workspacename, keyname);
+	      
 	      rc = zone_status(daemon->workspacename, class1, keyname, now);
 	      
 	      if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_BOGUS) || STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_NEED_KEY) || STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_NEED_DS))
@@ -2089,12 +2228,12 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 		  return rc;
 		}
 	      
-	      /* Zone is insecure, don't need to validate RRset */
+	      /* If zone is insecure, don't need to validate RRset, and rc remains as STAT_INSECURE*/
 	      if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_SECURE))
 		{
 		  unsigned long sig_ttl;
 		  rc = validate_rrset(now, header, plen, class1, type1, sigcnt,
-				      rrcnt, name, keyname, &wildname, NULL, 0, 0, 0, &sig_ttl, validate_counter);
+				      rrcnt, name, keyname, &wild_offset, NULL, 0, 0, 0, &sig_ttl, validate_counter);
 		  
 		  if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_BOGUS) || STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_NEED_KEY) || STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_NEED_DS) || STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_ABANDONED))
 		    {
@@ -2103,7 +2242,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 		      return rc;
 		    } 
 		  
-		  /* rc is now STAT_SECURE or STAT_SECURE_WILDCARD */
+		  /* rc is now STAT_SECURE  */
 		  
 		  /* Note that RR is validated */
 		  daemon->rr_status[i] = sig_ttl;
@@ -2115,7 +2254,7 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 		    if ((p2 = targets[j]))
 		      {
 			int rc1;
-			if (!(rc1 = extract_name(header, plen, &p2, name, 0, 10)))
+			if (!(rc1 = extract_name(header, plen, &p2, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 			  return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
 			
 			if (class1 == qclass && rc1 == 1 && (type1 == T_CNAME || type1 == qtype || qtype == T_ANY ))
@@ -2129,8 +2268,8 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 		     Note that we may not yet have validated the NSEC/NSEC3 RRsets. 
 		     That's not a problem since if the RRsets later fail
 		     we'll return BOGUS then. */
-		  if (STAT_ISEQUAL(rc, STAT_SECURE_WILDCARD) &&
-		      ((rc_nsec = prove_non_existence(header, plen, keyname, name, type1, class1, wildname, NULL, NULL, validate_counter))) != 0)
+		  if (wild_offset != 0 &&
+		      ((rc_nsec = prove_non_existence(header, plen, keyname, name, type1, class1, wild_offset, NULL, NULL, validate_counter))) != 0)
 		    return  (rc_nsec & DNSSEC_FAIL_WORK) ? STAT_ABANDONED : (STAT_BOGUS | rc_nsec);

 		  rc = STAT_SECURE;
@@ -2142,6 +2281,20 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 	secure = STAT_INSECURE;
    }

+
+  /* For a DS record, we are interested also in if the answer to the DS query was
+     a CNAME RRset which validated. That's proof that the DS doesn't exist,
+     even if it's  a CNAME which is not signed, and therefore we have no proof
+     of what it actually _is_. This return tells us that the answer to
+     primary query is secure, even is the whole answer is insecure, because
+     something down the CNAME list doesn't validate or doesn't exist.
+     Note that prim_ok is only valid when neganswer is true, ie either
+     the answer is the requested record or it's a CNAME that ends
+     in a missing answer or an unsigned zone.
+  */
+  if (prim_ok)
+    *prim_ok = !targets[0];
+    
  /* OK, all the RRsets validate, now see if we have a missing answer or CNAME target. */
  for (j = 0; j <targetidx; j++)
    if ((p2 = targets[j]))
@@ -2149,21 +2302,15 @@ int dnssec_validate_reply(time_t now, struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, ch
 	if (neganswer)
 	  *neganswer = 1;
 	
-	if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p2, name, 1, 10))
+	if (!extract_name(header, plen, &p2, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	  return STAT_BOGUS; /* bad packet */
 	
-	/* NXDOMAIN or NODATA reply, unanswered question is (name, qclass, qtype) */
-	
-	/* For anything other than a DS record, this situation is OK if either
-	   the answer is in an unsigned zone, or there's a NSEC records. */
-	if ((rc_nsec = prove_non_existence(header, plen, keyname, name, qtype, qclass, NULL, nons, nsec_ttl, validate_counter)) != 0)
+	/* NXDOMAIN or NODATA reply, unanswered question is (name, qclass, qtype)
+	   This situation is OK if either the answer is in an unsigned zone, or there's NSEC records. */
+	if ((rc_nsec = prove_non_existence(header, plen, keyname, name, qtype, qclass, 0, nons, nsec_ttl, validate_counter)) != 0)
 	  {
 	    if (rc_nsec & DNSSEC_FAIL_WORK)
 	      return STAT_ABANDONED;
-
-	    /* Empty DS without NSECS */
-	    if (qtype == T_DS)
-	      return STAT_BOGUS | rc_nsec;
 	    
 	    if ((rc_nsec & (DNSSEC_FAIL_NONSEC | DNSSEC_FAIL_NSEC3_ITERS)) &&
 		!STAT_ISEQUAL((rc = zone_status(name, qclass, keyname, now)), STAT_SECURE))
@@ -2235,8 +2382,9 @@ int errflags_to_ede(int status)
  /* We can end up with more than one flag set for some errors,
     so this encodes a rough priority so the (eg) No sig is reported
     before no-unexpired-sig. */
-
-  if (status & DNSSEC_FAIL_NYV)
+  if (status & DNSSEC_FAIL_UPSTREAM)
+    return EDE_US_SERVFAIL;
+  else if (status & DNSSEC_FAIL_NYV)
    return EDE_SIG_NYV;
  else if (status & DNSSEC_FAIL_EXP)
    return EDE_SIG_EXP;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ static int order(char *qdomain, size_t qlen, struct server *serv);
 static int order_qsort(const void *a, const void *b);
 static int order_servers(struct server *s, struct server *s2);

-/* If the server is USE_RESOLV or LITERAL_ADDRES, it lives on the local_domains chain. */
+/* If the server is USE_RESOLV or LITERAL_ADDRESS, it lives on the local_domains chain. */
 #define SERV_IS_LOCAL (SERV_USE_RESOLV | SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS)

 void build_server_array(void)
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ void build_server_array(void)
   server=/.example.com/ works.

   A flag of F_SERVER returns an upstream server only.
-   A flag of F_DNSSECOK returns a DNSSEC capable server only and
-   also disables NODOTS servers from consideration.
+   A flag of F_DNSSECOK disables NODOTS servers from consideration.
+   A flag of F_DS returns parent domain server.
   A flag of F_DOMAINSRV returns a domain-specific server only.
   A flag of F_CONFIG returns anything that generates a local
   reply of IPv4 or IPV6.
@@ -107,12 +107,23 @@ int lookup_domain(char *domain, int flags, int *lowout, int *highout)
  ssize_t qlen;
  int try, high, low = 0;
  int nlow = 0, nhigh = 0;
-  char *cp, *qdomain = domain;
-
+  char *cp, *qdomain;
+  
  /* may be no configured servers. */
  if (daemon->serverarraysz == 0)
    return 0;
+
+  /* DS records should come from the parent domain. */
+  if (flags & F_DS)
+    {
+      if ((cp = strchr(domain, '.')))
+	domain = cp+1;
+      else
+	domain = "";
+    }
  
+  qdomain = domain;
+
  /* find query length and presence of '.' */
  for (cp = qdomain, nodots = 1, qlen = 0; *cp; qlen++, cp++)
    if (*cp == '.')
@@ -245,7 +256,10 @@ int lookup_domain(char *domain, int flags, int *lowout, int *highout)
  if (nodots &&
      (daemon->serverarray[daemon->serverarraysz-1]->flags & SERV_FOR_NODOTS) &&
      (nlow == nhigh || daemon->serverarray[nlow]->domain_len == 0))
-    filter_servers(daemon->serverarraysz-1, flags, &nlow, &nhigh);
+    {
+      filter_servers(daemon->serverarraysz-1, flags, &nlow, &nhigh);
+      qlen = 0;
+    }
  
  if (lowout)
    *lowout = nlow;
@@ -260,7 +274,6 @@ int lookup_domain(char *domain, int flags, int *lowout, int *highout)
  return 1;
 }

-/* Return first server in group of equivalent servers; this is the "master" record. */
 int server_samegroup(struct server *a, struct server *b)
 {
  return order_servers(a, b) == 0;
@@ -297,11 +310,13 @@ int filter_servers(int seed, int flags, int *lowout, int *highout)
    }
  else
    {
-      /* Now the servers are on order between low and high, in the order
-	 IPv6 addr, IPv4 addr, return zero for both, resolvconf servers, send upstream, no-data return.
+      /* Now the matching server records are all between low and high.
+	 order_qsort() ensures that they are in the order
+	 IPv6 addr, IPv4 addr, return zero for both, no-data return,
+	 "use resolvconf" servers, domain-specific upstream servers.
 	 
 	 See which of those match our query in that priority order and narrow (low, high) */
-      
+
      for (i = nlow; i < nhigh && (daemon->serverarray[i]->flags & SERV_6ADDR); i++);
      
      if (!(flags & F_SERVER) && i != nlow && (flags & F_IPV6))
@@ -326,33 +341,26 @@ int filter_servers(int seed, int flags, int *lowout, int *highout)
 		{
 		  nlow = i;
 		  
-		  /* Short to resolv.conf servers */
-		  for (i = nlow; i < nhigh && (daemon->serverarray[i]->flags & SERV_USE_RESOLV); i++);
+		  /* now look for a NXDOMAIN answer  --local=/domain/ */
+		  for (i = nlow; i < nhigh && (daemon->serverarray[i]->flags & SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS); i++);
 		  
-		  if (i != nlow)
+		  if (!(flags & (F_DOMAINSRV | F_SERVER)) && i != nlow)
 		    nhigh = i;
 		  else
 		    {
-		      /* now look for a server */
-		      for (i = nlow; i < nhigh && !(daemon->serverarray[i]->flags & SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS); i++);
+		      nlow = i;
+		  
+		      /* return "use resolv.conf servers" if they exist */
+		      for (i = nlow; i < nhigh && (daemon->serverarray[i]->flags & SERV_USE_RESOLV); i++);
 		      
 		      if (i != nlow)
-			{
-			  /* If we want a server that can do DNSSEC, and this one can't, 
-			     return nothing, similarly if were looking only for a server
-			     for a particular domain. */
-			  if ((flags & F_DNSSECOK) && !(daemon->serverarray[nlow]->flags & SERV_DO_DNSSEC))
-			    nlow = nhigh;
-			  else if ((flags & F_DOMAINSRV) && daemon->serverarray[nlow]->domain_len == 0)
-			    nlow = nhigh;
-			  else
-			    nhigh = i;
-			}
+			nhigh = i;
 		      else
 			{
-			  /* --local=/domain/, only return if we don't need a server. */
-			  if (flags & (F_DNSSECOK | F_DOMAINSRV | F_SERVER))
-			    nhigh = i;
+			  /* If we want a server for a particular domain, and this one isn't, return nothing. */
+			  if (nlow < daemon->serverarraysz && nlow != nhigh && (flags & F_DOMAINSRV) &&
+			      daemon->serverarray[nlow]->domain_len == 0 && !(daemon->serverarray[nlow]->flags & SERV_FOR_NODOTS))
+			    nlow = nhigh;
 			}
 		    }
 		}
@@ -407,6 +415,8 @@ size_t make_local_answer(int flags, int gotname, size_t size, struct dns_header
  
  setup_reply(header, flags, ede);

+  gotname &= ~(F_QUERY | F_DS);
+  
  if (flags & (F_NXDOMAIN | F_NOERR))
    log_query(flags | gotname | F_NEG | F_CONFIG | F_FORWARD, name, NULL, NULL, 0);

@@ -465,14 +475,14 @@ size_t make_local_answer(int flags, int gotname, size_t size, struct dns_header
 }

 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-int dnssec_server(struct server *server, char *keyname, int *firstp, int *lastp)
+int dnssec_server(struct server *server, char *keyname, int is_ds, int *firstp, int *lastp)
 {
  int first, last, index;
-
+  
  /* Find server to send DNSSEC query to. This will normally be the 
     same as for the original query, but may be another if
     servers for domains are involved. */		      
-  if (!lookup_domain(keyname, F_DNSSECOK, &first, &last))
+  if (!lookup_domain(keyname, F_SERVER | F_DNSSECOK | (is_ds ? F_DS : 0), &first, &last))
    return -1;

  for (index = first; index != last; index++)
@@ -546,12 +556,14 @@ static int order_qsort(const void *a, const void *b)
  rc = order_servers(s1, s2);

  /* Sort all literal NODATA and local IPV4 or IPV6 responses together,
-     in a very specific order. We flip the SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS bit
-     so the order is IPv6 literal, IPv4 literal, all-zero literal, 
-     unqualified servers, upstream server, NXDOMAIN literal. */
+     in a very specific order  IPv6 literal, IPv4 literal, all-zero literal,
+     NXDOMAIN literal. We also include SERV_USE_RESOLV in this, so that
+     use-standard servers sort before ordinary servers. (SERV_USR_RESOLV set
+     implies that none of SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS,SERV_4ADDR,SERV_6ADDR,SERV_ALL_ZEROS
+     are set) */
  if (rc == 0)
-    rc = ((s2->flags & (SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS | SERV_4ADDR | SERV_6ADDR | SERV_USE_RESOLV | SERV_ALL_ZEROS)) ^ SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS) -
-      ((s1->flags & (SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS | SERV_4ADDR | SERV_6ADDR | SERV_USE_RESOLV | SERV_ALL_ZEROS)) ^ SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS);
+    rc = ((s2->flags & (SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS | SERV_4ADDR | SERV_6ADDR | SERV_ALL_ZEROS | SERV_USE_RESOLV))) -
+      ((s1->flags & (SERV_LITERAL_ADDRESS | SERV_4ADDR | SERV_6ADDR | SERV_ALL_ZEROS | SERV_USE_RESOLV)));

  /* Finally, order by appearance in /etc/resolv.conf etc, for --strict-order */
  if (rc == 0)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ unsigned char *find_pseudoheader(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, size_t
 size_t add_pseudoheader(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char *limit, 
 			int optno, unsigned char *opt, size_t optlen, int set_do, int replace)
 { 
-  unsigned char *lenp, *datap, *p, *udp_len, *buff = NULL;
+  unsigned char *lenp = NULL, *datap = NULL, *p, *udp_len, *buff = NULL;
  int rdlen = 0, is_sign, is_last;
  unsigned short flags = set_do ? 0x8000 : 0, rcode = 0;

@@ -265,6 +265,15 @@ static void encoder(unsigned char *in, char *out)
  out[3] = char64(in[2]);
 }

+/* This function needs to call find_mac if any option which requires a MAC address is enabled
+   and used below. If you add a new MAC consumer, modify this, otherwise your
+   new EDNS0 option won't work in TCP mode. */
+void edns0_needs_mac(union mysockaddr *addr, time_t now)
+{
+  if (option_bool(OPT_MAC_B64) || option_bool(OPT_MAC_HEX) || option_bool(OPT_ADD_MAC))
+    find_mac(addr, NULL, 0, now);
+}
+
 /* OPT_ADD_MAC = MAC is added (if available)
   OPT_ADD_MAC + OPT_STRIP_MAC = MAC is replaced, if not available, it is only removed
   OPT_STRIP_MAC = MAC is removed */
@@ -494,7 +503,7 @@ int check_source(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char *pseudohe
 #define UMBRELLA_DEVICESZ   sizeof(daemon->umbrella_device)

 struct umbrella_opt {
-  u8 magic[4];
+  u8 magic[4] ATTRIBUTE_NONSTRING;
  u8 version;
  u8 flags;
  /* We have 4 possible fields since we'll never send both IPv4 and
@@ -562,3 +571,4 @@ size_t add_edns0_config(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char *l

  return plen;
 }
+
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley
 
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static char *inotify_buffer;
   points to, made absolute if relative.
   If path doesn't exist or is not a symlink, return NULL.
   Return value is malloc'ed */
-static char *my_readlink(char *path)
+static char *my_readlink(int errfd, char *path)
 {
  ssize_t rc, size = 64;
  char *buf;
@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ static char *my_readlink(char *path)
 	      return NULL;
 	    }
 	  else
-	    die(_("cannot access path %s: %s"), path, EC_MISC);
+	    {
+	      send_event(errfd, EVENT_LINK_ERR, errno, path);
+	      _exit(0);
+	    }
 	}
      else if (rc < size-1)
 	{
@@ -85,15 +88,18 @@ static char *my_readlink(char *path)
    }
 }

-void inotify_dnsmasq_init()
+void inotify_dnsmasq_init(int errfd)
 {
  struct resolvc *res;
  inotify_buffer = safe_malloc(INOTIFY_SZ);
  daemon->inotifyfd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK | IN_CLOEXEC);
  
  if (daemon->inotifyfd == -1)
-    die(_("failed to create inotify: %s"), NULL, EC_MISC);
-
+    {
+      send_event(errfd, EVENT_INOTFY_ERR, errno, NULL);
+      _exit(0);
+    }
+  
  if (daemon->port == 0 || option_bool(OPT_NO_RESOLV))
    return;
  
@@ -105,10 +111,13 @@ void inotify_dnsmasq_init()
      strcpy(path, res->name);

      /* Follow symlinks until we reach a non-symlink, or a non-existent file. */
-      while ((new_path = my_readlink(path)))
+      while ((new_path = my_readlink(errfd, path)))
 	{
 	  if (links-- == 0)
-	    die(_("too many symlinks following %s"), res->name, EC_MISC);
+	    {
+	      send_event(errfd, EVENT_TMSL_ERR, 0, res->name);
+	      _exit(0);
+	    }
 	  free(path);
 	  path = new_path;
 	}
@@ -124,38 +133,59 @@ void inotify_dnsmasq_init()
 	  *d = '/';
 	  
 	  if (res->wd == -1 && errno == ENOENT)
-	    die(_("directory %s for resolv-file is missing, cannot poll"), res->name, EC_MISC);
+	    {
+	      send_event(errfd, EVENT_RESOLV_ERR, 0, res->name);
+	      _exit(0);
+	    }
 	}	  
 	 
      if (res->wd == -1)
-	die(_("failed to create inotify for %s: %s"), res->name, EC_MISC);
-	
+	{
+	  send_event(errfd, EVENT_IFILE_ERR, errno, res->name);
+	  _exit(0);
+	}
+      	
    }
 }

-static struct hostsfile *dyndir_addhosts(struct dyndir *dd, char *path)
+static struct hostsfile *dyndir_addhosts(struct dyndir *dd, char *file)
 {
  /* Check if this file is already known in dd->files */
-  struct hostsfile *ah = NULL;
-  for(ah = dd->files; ah; ah = ah->next)
-    if(ah && ah->fname && strcmp(path, ah->fname) == 0)
+  struct hostsfile *ah;
+  size_t dirlen = strlen(dd->dname);
+  
+  /* ah->fname always starts with the string in dd->dname */
+  for (ah = dd->files; ah; ah = ah->next)
+    if (ah->fname[dirlen] == '/' &&
+        strcmp(&ah->fname[dirlen+1], file) == 0)
      return ah;
-
+        
  /* Not known, create new hostsfile record for this dyndir */
-  struct hostsfile *newah = NULL;
-  if(!(newah = whine_malloc(sizeof(struct hostsfile))))
-    return NULL;
+  if ((ah = whine_malloc(sizeof(struct hostsfile))))
+    {
+      char *path;

-  /* Add this file to the tip of the linked list */
-  newah->next = dd->files;
-  dd->files = newah;
-
-  /* Copy flags, set index and the full file path */
-  newah->flags = dd->flags;
-  newah->index = daemon->host_index++;
-  newah->fname = path;
-
-  return newah;
+      if (!(path = whine_malloc(dirlen + strlen(file) + 2)))
+	{
+	  free(ah);
+	  return NULL;
+	}
+      
+      strcpy(path, dd->dname);
+      strcat(path, "/");
+      strcat(path, file);
+      
+      /* Add this file to the tip of the linked list */
+      ah->next = dd->files;
+      dd->files = ah;
+      
+      /* Copy flags, set index and the full file path */
+      ah->flags = dd->flags;
+      ah->index = daemon->host_index++;
+      ah->fname = path;
+    }
+  
+  return ah;
 }


@@ -204,10 +234,8 @@ void set_dynamic_inotify(int flag, int total_size, struct crec **rhash, int revh

       while ((ent = readdir(dir_stream)))
 	 {
-	   size_t lendir = strlen(dd->dname);
 	   size_t lenfile = strlen(ent->d_name);
-	   char *path;
-
+	   	   
 	   /* ignore emacs backups and dotfiles */
 	   if (lenfile == 0 || 
 	       ent->d_name[lenfile - 1] == '~' ||
@@ -215,33 +243,36 @@ void set_dynamic_inotify(int flag, int total_size, struct crec **rhash, int revh
 	       ent->d_name[0] == '.')
 	     continue;

-	   if ((path = whine_malloc(lendir + lenfile + 2)))
+	   if (dd->flags & AH_HOSTS)
 	     {
 	       struct hostsfile *ah;

-	       strcpy(path, dd->dname);
-	       strcat(path, "/");
-	       strcat(path, ent->d_name);
-
-	       if (!(ah = dyndir_addhosts(dd, path)))
-		 {
-		   free(path);
-		   continue;
-		 }
-	       
 	       /* ignore non-regular files */
-	       if (stat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
-		 {
-		   if (dd->flags & AH_HOSTS)
-		     total_size = read_hostsfile(path, ah->index, total_size, rhash, revhashsz);
+	       if ((ah = dyndir_addhosts(dd, ent->d_name)) &&
+		   stat(ah->fname, &buf) != -1 && S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
+		 total_size = read_hostsfile(ah->fname, ah->index, total_size, rhash, revhashsz);
+	     }
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP
-		   else if (dd->flags & (AH_DHCP_HST | AH_DHCP_OPT))
+	   else if (dd->flags & (AH_DHCP_HST | AH_DHCP_OPT))
+	     {
+	       char *path;
+	       
+	       if ((path = whine_malloc(strlen(dd->dname) + lenfile + 2)))
+		 {
+		   strcpy(path, dd->dname);
+		   strcat(path, "/");
+		   strcat(path, ent->d_name);
+		   
+		   /* ignore non-regular files */
+		   if (stat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
 		     option_read_dynfile(path, dd->flags);
-#endif		   
+		   
+		   free(path);
 		 }
 	     }
+#endif		   
 	 }
-
+       
       closedir(dir_stream);
    }
 }
@@ -251,6 +282,8 @@ int inotify_check(time_t now)
  int hit = 0;
  struct dyndir *dd;

+  (void)now;
+  
  while (1)
    {
      int rc;
@@ -283,50 +316,27 @@ int inotify_check(time_t now)
 	  for (dd = daemon->dynamic_dirs; dd; dd = dd->next)
 	    if (dd->wd == in->wd)
 	      {
-		size_t lendir = strlen(dd->dname);
-		char *path;
-				
-		if ((path = whine_malloc(lendir + in->len + 2)))
+		if (dd->flags & AH_HOSTS)
 		  {
-		    struct hostsfile *ah = NULL;
-
-		    strcpy(path, dd->dname);
-		    strcat(path, "/");
-		    strcat(path, in->name);
-
-		    /* Is this is a deletion event? */
-		    if (in->mask & IN_DELETE)
-		      my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("inotify: %s removed"), path);
-		    else 
-		      my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("inotify: %s new or modified"), path);
-
-		    if (dd->flags & AH_HOSTS)
+		    struct hostsfile *ah;
+		    if ((ah = dyndir_addhosts(dd, in->name)))
 		      {
-			if ((ah = dyndir_addhosts(dd, path)))
-			  {
-			    const unsigned int removed = cache_remove_uid(ah->index);
-			    if (removed > 0)
-			      my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("inotify: flushed %u names read from %s"), removed, path);
+			const unsigned int removed = cache_remove_uid(ah->index);

-			    /* (Re-)load hostsfile only if this event isn't triggered by deletion */
-			    if (!(in->mask & IN_DELETE))
-			      read_hostsfile(path, ah->index, 0, NULL, 0);
+			/* Is this is a deletion event? */
+			if (in->mask & IN_DELETE)
+			  my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("inotify: %s removed"), ah->fname);
+			else 
+			  my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("inotify: %s new or modified"), ah->fname);
+
+			if (removed > 0)
+			  my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("inotify: flushed %u names read from %s"), removed, ah->fname);
+			
+			/* (Re-)load hostsfile only if this event isn't triggered by deletion */
+			if (!(in->mask & IN_DELETE))
+			  read_hostsfile(ah->fname, ah->index, 0, NULL, 0);
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP
-			    if (daemon->dhcp || daemon->doing_dhcp6) 
-			      {
-				/* Propagate the consequences of loading a new dhcp-host */
-				dhcp_update_configs(daemon->dhcp_conf);
-				lease_update_from_configs(); 
-				lease_update_file(now); 
-				lease_update_dns(1);
-			      }
-#endif
-			  }
-		      }
-#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
-		    else if (dd->flags & AH_DHCP_HST)
-		      {
-			if (option_read_dynfile(path, AH_DHCP_HST))
+			if (daemon->dhcp || daemon->doing_dhcp6) 
 			  {
 			    /* Propagate the consequences of loading a new dhcp-host */
 			    dhcp_update_configs(daemon->dhcp_conf);
@@ -334,17 +344,43 @@ int inotify_check(time_t now)
 			    lease_update_file(now); 
 			    lease_update_dns(1);
 			  }
-		      }
-		    else if (dd->flags & AH_DHCP_OPT)
-		      option_read_dynfile(path, AH_DHCP_OPT);
 #endif
-		    
-		    if (!ah)
-		      free(path);
+		      }
 		  }
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
+		else if (!(in->mask & IN_DELETE))
+		  {
+		    char *path;
+
+		    if ((path = whine_malloc(strlen(dd->dname) + in->len + 2)))
+		      {
+			strcpy(path, dd->dname);
+			strcat(path, "/");
+			strcat(path, in->name);
+			
+			my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("inotify: %s new or modified"), path);
+
+			if ((dd->flags & AH_DHCP_HST) && option_read_dynfile(path, AH_DHCP_HST))
+			  {
+			    /* Propagate the consequences of loading a new dhcp-host */
+			    dhcp_update_configs(daemon->dhcp_conf);
+			    lease_update_from_configs(); 
+			    lease_update_file(now); 
+			    lease_update_dns(1);
+			  }
+			
+			if (dd->flags & AH_DHCP_OPT)
+			  option_read_dynfile(path, AH_DHCP_OPT);
+		    
+			free(path);
+		      }
+		  }
+#endif
+		
 	      }
 	}
    }
+  
  return hit;
 }

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@

 #include "dnsmasq.h"

-#if defined(HAVE_IPSET) && defined(HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK)
+#if defined(HAVE_LINUX_IPSET)

 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ static int read_leases(time_t now, FILE *leasestream)
  unsigned long ei;
  union all_addr addr;
  struct dhcp_lease *lease;
-  int clid_len, hw_len, hw_type;
+  int opt_len, clid_len, hw_len, hw_type;
  int items;
 
  *daemon->dhcp_buff3 = *daemon->dhcp_buff2 = '\0';
@@ -55,6 +55,34 @@ static int read_leases(time_t now, FILE *leasestream)
 	    continue;
 	  }
 #endif
+
+	/* Weird backwards compatible way of adding extra fields to leases */
+	if ((strcmp(daemon->dhcp_buff3, "vendorclass") == 0 || strcmp(daemon->dhcp_buff3, "agent-info") == 0))
+	  {
+	    if (fscanf(leasestream, " %764s", daemon->packet) == 1)
+	      {
+		if (inet_pton(AF_INET, daemon->dhcp_buff2, &addr.addr4))
+		  lease = lease_find_by_addr(addr.addr4);
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
+		else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, daemon->dhcp_buff2, &addr.addr6))
+		  lease = lease6_find_by_plain_addr(&addr.addr6);
+#endif
+		else
+		  continue;
+		
+		if (lease)
+		  {
+		    opt_len = parse_hex(daemon->packet, (unsigned char *)daemon->packet, 255, NULL, NULL);
+		    
+		    if (strcmp(daemon->dhcp_buff3, "vendorclass") == 0)
+		      lease_set_vendorclass(lease, (unsigned char *)daemon->packet, opt_len);
+		    else if (strcmp(daemon->dhcp_buff3, "agent-info") == 0)
+		      lease_set_agent_id(lease, (unsigned char *)daemon->packet, opt_len);
+		  }
+	      }
+
+	    continue;
+	  }
 	
 	if (fscanf(leasestream, " %64s %255s %764s",
 		   daemon->namebuff, daemon->dhcp_buff, daemon->packet) != 3)
@@ -251,8 +279,8 @@ void lease_update_file(time_t now)
 {
  struct dhcp_lease *lease;
  time_t next_event;
-  int i, err = 0;
-
+  int i, err = 0, extras;
+  
  if (file_dirty != 0 && daemon->lease_stream)
    {
      errno = 0;
@@ -260,9 +288,11 @@ void lease_update_file(time_t now)
      if (errno != 0 || ftruncate(fileno(daemon->lease_stream), 0) != 0)
 	err = errno;
      
-      for (lease = leases; lease; lease = lease->next)
+      for (extras = 0, lease = leases; lease; lease = lease->next)
 	{
-
+	  if (lease->agent_id || lease->vendorclass)
+	    extras = 1;
+	  
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
 	  if (lease->flags & (LEASE_TA | LEASE_NA))
 	    continue;
@@ -335,7 +365,37 @@ void lease_update_file(time_t now)
 	    }
 	}
 #endif      
-	  
+
+      if (extras)
+	{
+	  /* Dump this at the end for least confusion with older parsing code. */
+	  for (lease = leases; lease; lease = lease->next)
+	    {
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
+	      if (lease->flags & (LEASE_TA | LEASE_NA))
+		inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &lease->addr6, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+	      else
+#endif
+		inet_ntop(AF_INET, &lease->addr, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+	      
+	      if (lease->agent_id)
+		{
+		  ourprintf(&err, "agent-info %s ", daemon->addrbuff);
+		  for (i = 0; i < lease->agent_id_len - 1; i++)
+		    ourprintf(&err, "%.2x:", lease->agent_id[i]);
+		  ourprintf(&err, "%.2x\n", lease->agent_id[i]);
+		}
+	      
+	      if (lease->vendorclass)
+		{
+		  ourprintf(&err, "vendorclass %s ", daemon->addrbuff);
+		  for (i = 0; i < lease->vendorclass_len - 1; i++)
+		    ourprintf(&err, "%.2x:", lease->vendorclass[i]);
+		  ourprintf(&err, "%.2x\n", lease->vendorclass[i]);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+      
      if (fflush(daemon->lease_stream) != 0 ||
 	  fsync(fileno(daemon->lease_stream)) < 0)
 	err = errno;
@@ -713,6 +773,22 @@ struct dhcp_lease *lease6_find_by_addr(struct in6_addr *net, int prefix, u64 add
  return NULL;
 } 

+struct dhcp_lease *lease6_find_by_plain_addr(struct in6_addr *addr)
+{
+  struct dhcp_lease *lease;
+    
+  for (lease = leases; lease; lease = lease->next)
+    {
+      if (!(lease->flags & (LEASE_TA | LEASE_NA)))
+	continue;
+      
+      if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&lease->addr6, addr))
+	return lease;
+    }
+  
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 /* Find largest assigned address in context */
 u64 lease_find_max_addr6(struct dhcp_context *context)
 {
@@ -1084,6 +1160,46 @@ void lease_set_interface(struct dhcp_lease *lease, int interface, time_t now)
 #endif
 }

+void lease_set_agent_id(struct dhcp_lease *lease, unsigned char *new, int len)
+{
+
+  if (!lease->agent_id && !new)
+    return;
+  
+  if (lease->agent_id && new && lease->agent_id_len == len && memcmp(lease->agent_id, new, len) == 0)
+    return;
+
+  file_dirty = 1;
+  free(lease->agent_id);
+  lease->agent_id = NULL;
+  
+  if (new && (lease->agent_id = whine_malloc(len)))
+    {
+      memcpy(lease->agent_id, new, len);
+      lease->agent_id_len = len;
+    }
+}
+
+void lease_set_vendorclass(struct dhcp_lease *lease, unsigned char *new, int len)
+{
+  if (!lease->vendorclass && !new)
+    return;
+
+  if (lease->vendorclass && new && lease->vendorclass_len == len && memcmp(lease->vendorclass, new, len) == 0)
+    return;
+
+  file_dirty = 1;
+  free(lease->vendorclass);
+  lease->vendorclass = NULL;
+  
+  if (new && (lease->vendorclass = whine_malloc(len)))
+    {
+      memcpy(lease->vendorclass, new, len);
+      lease->vendorclass_len = len;
+    }
+}
+       
+
 void rerun_scripts(void)
 {
  struct dhcp_lease *lease;
@@ -1143,9 +1259,11 @@ int do_script_run(time_t now)
 #endif
 	  old_leases = lease->next;
 	  
-	  free(lease->old_hostname); 
+	  free(lease->hostname); 
 	  free(lease->clid);
 	  free(lease->extradata);
+	  free(lease->agent_id);
+	  free(lease->vendorclass);
 	  free(lease);
 	    
 	  return 1; 
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ const char * metric_names[] = {
    "leases_allocated_6",
    "leases_pruned_6",
    "tcp_connections",
+    "dhcp_leasequery",
+    "dhcp_lease_unassigned",
+    "dhcp_lease_actve",
+    "dhcp_lease_unknown"
 };

 const char* get_metric_name(int i) {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley
   
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ enum {
  METRIC_LEASES_ALLOCATED_6,
  METRIC_LEASES_PRUNED_6,
  METRIC_TCP_CONNECTIONS,
+  METRIC_DHCPLEASEQUERY,
+  METRIC_DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED,
+  METRIC_DHCPLEASEACTIVE,
+  METRIC_DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN,
  
  __METRIC_MAX,
 };
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -165,6 +165,13 @@ int iface_enumerate(int family, void *parm, callback_t callback)
    struct rtgenmsg g; 
  } req;

+  /* The netlink socket is not available in child processes. */
+  if (daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
+    {
+      my_syslog(LOG_ERR, _("BUG: called iface_enumerate() in child process"));
+      return 0;
+    }
+  
  memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
  memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1379,7 +1379,7 @@ int local_bind(int fd, union mysockaddr *addr, char *intname, unsigned int ifind
  /* cannot set source _port_ for TCP connections. */
  if (is_tcp)
    port = 0;
-  else if (port == 0 && daemon->max_port != 0)
+  else if (port == 0 && daemon->max_port != 0 && daemon->max_port >= daemon->min_port)
    {
      /* Bind a random port within the range given by min-port and max-port if either
 	 or both are set. Otherwise use the OS's random ephemeral port allocation by
@@ -1568,6 +1568,8 @@ void check_servers(int no_loop_check)
  struct serverfd *sfd, *tmp, **up;
  int port = 0, count;
  int locals = 0;
+
+  (void)no_loop_check;
  
 #ifdef HAVE_LOOP
  if (!no_loop_check)
@@ -1587,33 +1589,6 @@ void check_servers(int no_loop_check)

  for (count = 0, serv = daemon->servers; serv; serv = serv->next)
    {
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-      if (option_bool(OPT_DNSSEC_VALID))
-	{ 
-	  if (!(serv->flags & SERV_FOR_NODOTS))
-	    serv->flags |= SERV_DO_DNSSEC;
-	  
-	  /* Disable DNSSEC validation when using server=/domain/.... servers
-	     unless there's a configured trust anchor. */
-	  if (strlen(serv->domain) != 0)
-	    {
-	      struct ds_config *ds;
-	      char *domain = serv->domain;
-	      
-	      /* .example.com is valid */
-	      while (*domain == '.')
-		domain++;
-	      
-	      for (ds = daemon->ds; ds; ds = ds->next)
-		if (ds->name[0] != 0 && hostname_isequal(domain, ds->name))
-		  break;
-	      
-	      if (!ds)
-		serv->flags &= ~SERV_DO_DNSSEC;
-	    }
-	}
-#endif
-      
      port = prettyprint_addr(&serv->addr, daemon->namebuff);
      
      /* 0.0.0.0 is nothing, the stack treats it like 127.0.0.1 */
@@ -1659,10 +1634,6 @@ void check_servers(int no_loop_check)
 	{
 	  char *s1, *s2, *s3 = "", *s4 = "";

-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-	  if (option_bool(OPT_DNSSEC_VALID) && !(serv->flags & SERV_DO_DNSSEC))
-	    s3 = _("(no DNSSEC)");
-#endif
 	  if (serv->flags & SERV_FOR_NODOTS)
 	    s1 = _("unqualified"), s2 = _("names");
 	  else if (strlen(serv->domain) == 0)
@@ -1696,7 +1667,7 @@ void check_servers(int no_loop_check)
 	   if (++locals <= LOCALS_LOGGED)
 	     my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("using only locally-known addresses for %s"), serv->domain);
 	 }
-       else if (serv->flags & SERV_USE_RESOLV)
+       else if (serv->flags & SERV_USE_RESOLV && serv->domain_len != 0)
 	 my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("using standard nameservers for %s"), serv->domain);
    }
  
@@ -1806,8 +1777,10 @@ int reload_servers(char *fname)
 /* Called when addresses are added or deleted from an interface */
 void newaddress(time_t now)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
-
+#endif
+  
  (void)now;
  
  if (option_bool(OPT_CLEVERBIND) || option_bool(OPT_LOCAL_SERVICE) ||
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@

 #include "dnsmasq.h"

-#if defined (HAVE_NFTSET) && defined (HAVE_LINUX_NETWORK)
+#if defined (HAVE_NFTSET)

 #include <nftables/libnftables.h>

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ static volatile int mem_recover = 0;
 static jmp_buf mem_jmp;
 static int one_file(char *file, int hard_opt);

+static void *opt_malloc_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, size_t size);
+#define opt_malloc(x) opt_malloc_real(__func__, __LINE__, (x))
+
 /* Solaris headers don't have facility names. */
 #ifdef HAVE_SOLARIS_NETWORK
 static const struct {
@@ -193,6 +196,11 @@ struct myoption {
 #define LOPT_MAX_PROCS     384
 #define LOPT_DNSSEC_LIMITS 385
 #define LOPT_PXE_OPT       386
+#define LOPT_NO_ENCODE     387
+#define LOPT_DO_ENCODE     388
+#define LOPT_LEASEQUERY    389
+#define LOPT_SPLIT_RELAY   390
+#define LOPT_LOG_MALLOC    391

 #ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
 static const struct option opts[] =  
@@ -247,6 +255,8 @@ static const struct myoption opts[] =
    { "local-ttl", 1, 0, 'T' },
    { "no-negcache", 0, 0, 'N' },
    { "no-round-robin", 0, 0, LOPT_NORR },
+    { "no-0x20-encode", 0, 0, LOPT_NO_ENCODE },
+    { "do-0x20-encode", 0, 0, LOPT_DO_ENCODE },
    { "cache-rr", 1, 0, LOPT_CACHE_RR },
    { "addn-hosts", 1, 0, 'H' },
    { "hostsdir", 1, 0, LOPT_HOST_INOTIFY },
@@ -369,6 +379,7 @@ static const struct myoption opts[] =
    { "dnssec-timestamp", 1, 0, LOPT_DNSSEC_STAMP },
    { "dnssec-limits", 1, 0, LOPT_DNSSEC_LIMITS },
    { "dhcp-relay", 1, 0, LOPT_RELAY },
+    { "dhcp-split-relay", 1, 0, LOPT_SPLIT_RELAY },
    { "ra-param", 1, 0, LOPT_RA_PARAM },
    { "quiet-dhcp", 0, 0, LOPT_QUIET_DHCP },
    { "quiet-dhcp6", 0, 0, LOPT_QUIET_DHCP6 },
@@ -390,6 +401,8 @@ static const struct myoption opts[] =
    { "use-stale-cache", 2, 0 , LOPT_STALE_CACHE },
    { "no-ident", 0, 0, LOPT_NO_IDENT },
    { "max-tcp-connections", 1, 0, LOPT_MAX_PROCS },
+    { "leasequery", 2, 0, LOPT_LEASEQUERY },
+    { "log-malloc", 0, 0, LOPT_LOG_MALLOC },
    { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
  };

@@ -495,6 +508,7 @@ static struct {
  { '4', ARG_DUP, "set:<tag>,<mac address>", gettext_noop("Map MAC address (with wildcards) to option set."), NULL },
  { LOPT_BRIDGE, ARG_DUP, "<iface>,<alias>..", gettext_noop("Treat DHCP requests on aliases as arriving from interface."), NULL },
  { LOPT_SHARED_NET, ARG_DUP, "<iface>|<addr>,<addr>", gettext_noop("Specify extra networks sharing a broadcast domain for DHCP"), NULL},
+  { LOPT_LEASEQUERY, ARG_DUP, "[<addr>[/prefix>]]", gettext_noop("Enable RFC 4388 leasequery functions for DHCPv4"), NULL },
  { '5', OPT_NO_PING, NULL, gettext_noop("Disable ICMP echo address checking in the DHCP server."), NULL },
  { '6', ARG_ONE, "<path>", gettext_noop("Shell script to run on DHCP lease creation and destruction."), NULL },
  { LOPT_LUASCRIPT, ARG_DUP, "path", gettext_noop("Lua script to run on DHCP lease creation and destruction."), NULL },
@@ -535,6 +549,7 @@ static struct {
  { LOPT_GEN_NAMES, ARG_DUP, "[=tag:<tag>]", gettext_noop("Generate hostnames based on MAC address for nameless clients."), NULL},
  { LOPT_PROXY, ARG_DUP, "[=<ipaddr>]...", gettext_noop("Use these DHCP relays as full proxies."), NULL },
  { LOPT_RELAY, ARG_DUP, "<local-addr>,<server>[,<iface>]", gettext_noop("Relay DHCP requests to a remote server"), NULL},
+  { LOPT_SPLIT_RELAY, ARG_DUP, "<local-addr>,<server>,<iface>", gettext_noop("Relay DHCP requests to a remote server"), NULL},
  { LOPT_CNAME, ARG_DUP, "<alias>,<target>[,<ttl>]", gettext_noop("Specify alias name for LOCAL DNS name."), NULL },
  { LOPT_PXE_PROMT, ARG_DUP, "<prompt>,[<timeout>]", gettext_noop("Prompt to send to PXE clients."), NULL },
  { LOPT_PXE_SERV, ARG_DUP, "<service>", gettext_noop("Boot service for PXE menu."), NULL },
@@ -568,7 +583,7 @@ static struct {
  { LOPT_CMARK_ALST, ARG_DUP, "<connmark>[/<mask>][,<pattern>[/<pattern>...]]", gettext_noop("Set allowed DNS patterns for a connection-track mark."), NULL },
  { LOPT_SYNTH, ARG_DUP, "<domain>,<range>,[<prefix>]", gettext_noop("Specify a domain and address range for synthesised names"), NULL },
  { LOPT_SEC_VALID, OPT_DNSSEC_VALID, NULL, gettext_noop("Activate DNSSEC validation"), NULL },
-  { LOPT_TRUST_ANCHOR, ARG_DUP, "<domain>,[<class>],...", gettext_noop("Specify trust anchor key digest."), NULL },
+  { LOPT_TRUST_ANCHOR, ARG_DUP, "<domain>,[<class>,]...", gettext_noop("Specify trust anchor key digest."), NULL },
  { LOPT_DNSSEC_DEBUG, OPT_DNSSEC_DEBUG, NULL, gettext_noop("Disable upstream checking for DNSSEC debugging."), NULL },
  { LOPT_DNSSEC_CHECK, ARG_DUP, NULL, gettext_noop("Ensure answers without DNSSEC are in unsigned zones."), NULL },
  { LOPT_DNSSEC_TIME, OPT_DNSSEC_TIME, NULL, gettext_noop("Don't check DNSSEC signature timestamps until first cache-reload"), NULL },
@@ -591,9 +606,12 @@ static struct {
  { LOPT_UMBRELLA, ARG_ONE, "[=<optspec>]", gettext_noop("Send Cisco Umbrella identifiers including remote IP."), NULL },
  { LOPT_QUIET_TFTP, OPT_QUIET_TFTP, NULL, gettext_noop("Do not log routine TFTP."), NULL },
  { LOPT_NORR, OPT_NORR, NULL, gettext_noop("Suppress round-robin ordering of DNS records."), NULL },
+  { LOPT_NO_ENCODE, OPT_NO_0x20, NULL, gettext_noop("Suppress DNS bit 0x20 encoding."), NULL },
+  { LOPT_DO_ENCODE, OPT_DO_0x20, NULL, gettext_noop("Enable DNS bit 0x20 encoding."), NULL },
  { LOPT_NO_IDENT, OPT_NO_IDENT, NULL, gettext_noop("Do not add CHAOS TXT records."), NULL },
  { LOPT_CACHE_RR, ARG_DUP, "<RR-type>", gettext_noop("Cache this DNS resource record type."), NULL },
  { LOPT_MAX_PROCS, ARG_ONE, "<integer>", gettext_noop("Maximum number of concurrent tcp connections."), NULL },
+  { LOPT_LOG_MALLOC, OPT_LOG_MALLOC, NULL, gettext_noop("Log memory allocation for debugging."), NULL },
  { 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL }
 }; 

@@ -640,13 +658,13 @@ static void unhide_metas(char *cp)
      *cp = unhide_meta(*cp);
 }

-static void *opt_malloc(size_t size)
+static void *opt_malloc_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, size_t size)
 {
  void *ret;

  if (mem_recover)
    {
-      ret = whine_malloc(size);
+      ret = whine_malloc_real(func, line, size);
      if (!ret)
 	longjmp(mem_jmp, 1);
    }
@@ -955,7 +973,7 @@ char *parse_server(char *arg, struct server_details *sdetails)
      hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;

      /* Get addresses suitable for sending datagrams. We assume that we can use the
-	 same addresses for TCP connections. Settting this to zero gets each address
+	 same addresses for TCP connections. Setting this to zero gets each address
 	 threes times, for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_RAW and SOCK_DGRAM, which is not useful. */
      hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;

@@ -2669,15 +2687,15 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 			if (msize > 128)
 			  ret_err_free(_("bad prefix length"), new);
 			
-			mask = (1LLU << (128 - msize)) - 1LLU;
+			/* prefix==64 overflows the mask calculation */
+			if (msize <= 64)
+			  mask = (u64)-1LL;
+			else
+			  mask = (1LLU << (128 - msize)) - 1LLU;
 			
 			new->is6 = 1;
 			new->prefixlen = msize;
 			
-			/* prefix==64 overflows the mask calculation above */
-			if (msize <= 64)
-			  mask = (u64)-1LL;
-			  
 			new->end6 = new->start6;
 			setaddr6part(&new->start6, addrpart & ~mask);
 			setaddr6part(&new->end6, addrpart | mask);
@@ -2906,7 +2924,20 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 	arg = comma;
      } while (arg);
      break;
-      
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
+# if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6))
+# pragma GCC diagnostic push
+# pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
+# endif
+    case LOPT_LEASEQUERY:
+      set_option_bool(OPT_LEASEQUERY);
+      if (!arg)
+	break;
+# if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6))
+# pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+# endif
+#endif
    case 'B':  /* --bogus-nxdomain */
    case LOPT_IGNORE_ADDR: /* --ignore-address */
     {
@@ -2942,6 +2973,13 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 	    baddr->next = daemon->bogus_addr;
 	    daemon->bogus_addr = baddr;
 	  }
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
+	else if (option == LOPT_LEASEQUERY)
+	  {
+	    baddr->next = daemon->leasequery_addr;
+	    daemon->leasequery_addr = baddr;
+	  }
+#endif
 	else
 	  {
 	    baddr->next = daemon->ignore_addr;
@@ -3429,6 +3467,10 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 	      set_option_bool(OPT_EXTRALOG);
 	      set_option_bool(OPT_LOG_PROTO);
 	    }
+	  else if (strcmp(arg, "auth") == 0)
+	    set_option_bool(OPT_AUTH_LOG);
+	  else if (strcmp(arg, "only_failed") == 0)
+	    set_option_bool(OPT_LOG_ONLY_FAILED);
 	}
      break;

@@ -3981,7 +4023,7 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 	while (arg)
 	  {
 	    comma = split(arg);
-	    if (strchr(arg, ':')) /* ethernet address, netid or binary CLID */
+	    if (strchr(arg, ':')) /* Ethernet address, netid or binary CLID */
 	      {
 		if ((arg[0] == 'i' || arg[0] == 'I') &&
 		    (arg[1] == 'd' || arg[1] == 'D') &&
@@ -4043,10 +4085,8 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 		      }

 		    new_addr = opt_malloc(sizeof(struct addrlist));
-		    new_addr->next = new->addr6;
 		    new_addr->flags = 0;
 		    new_addr->addr.addr6 = in6;
-		    new->addr6 = new_addr;
 		    
 		    if (pref)
 		      {
@@ -4057,7 +4097,7 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 			    ((((u64)1<<(128-new_addr->prefixlen))-1) & addrpart) != 0)
 			  {
 			    dhcp_config_free(new);
-			    ret_err(_("bad IPv6 prefix"));
+			    ret_err_free(_("bad IPv6 prefix"), new_addr);
 			  }
 			
 			new_addr->flags |= ADDRLIST_PREFIX;
@@ -4071,6 +4111,8 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 		    if (i == 8)
 		      new_addr->flags |= ADDRLIST_WILDCARD;
 		    
+		    new_addr->next = new->addr6;
+		    new->addr6 = new_addr;
 		    new->flags |= CONFIG_ADDR6;
 		  }
 #endif
@@ -4685,11 +4727,21 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
      break;
      
    case LOPT_RELAY: /* --dhcp-relay */
+    case LOPT_SPLIT_RELAY: /* --dhcp-splt-relay */
      {
 	struct dhcp_relay *new = opt_malloc(sizeof(struct dhcp_relay));
 	char *two = split(arg);
 	char *three = split(two);
-	
+
+	if (option == LOPT_SPLIT_RELAY)
+	  {
+	    new->split_mode = 1;
+	    
+	    /* split mode must have two addresses and a non-wildcard interface name. */
+	    if (!three || strchr(three, '*'))
+	      two = NULL;
+	  }
+		    
 	new->iface_index = 0;

 	if (two)
@@ -4712,12 +4764,15 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 		    else
 		      three = two;
 		  }
+		else if (new->split_mode && inet_pton(AF_INET, three, &new->uplink))
+		  /* Third arg in split mode can be an address. */
+		  three = NULL;
 		
 		new->next = daemon->relay4;
 		daemon->relay4 = new;
 	      }
 #ifdef HAVE_DHCP6
-	    else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, arg, &new->local))
+	    else if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, arg, &new->local) && !new->split_mode)
 	      {
 		char *hash = split_chr(two, '#');

@@ -4738,7 +4793,9 @@ static int one_opt(int option, char *arg, char *errstr, char *gen_err, int comma
 		daemon->relay6 = new;
 	      }
 #endif
-
+	    else
+	      two = NULL;
+	    
 	    new->interface = opt_string_alloc(three);
 	  }
 	
@@ -5331,7 +5388,8 @@ err:
 	
 	new->class = C_IN;
 	new->name = NULL;
-
+	new->digestlen = 0;
+	
 	if ((comma = split(arg)) && (algo = split(comma)))
 	  {
 	    int class = 0;
@@ -5349,29 +5407,37 @@ err:
 		algo = split(comma);
 	      }
 	  }
-		  
-       	if (!comma || !algo || !(digest = split(algo)) || !(keyhex = split(digest)) ||
-	    !atoi_check16(comma, &new->keytag) || 
-	    !atoi_check8(algo, &new->algo) ||
-	    !atoi_check8(digest, &new->digest_type) ||
-	    !(new->name = canonicalise_opt(arg)))
+	
+	if (!(new->name = canonicalise_opt(arg)))
 	  ret_err_free(_("bad trust anchor"), new);
-	    
-	/* Upper bound on length */
-	len = (2*strlen(keyhex))+1;
-	new->digest = opt_malloc(len);
-	unhide_metas(keyhex);
-	/* 4034: "Whitespace is allowed within digits" */
-	for (cp = keyhex; *cp; )
-	  if (isspace((unsigned char)*cp))
-	    for (cp1 = cp; *cp1; cp1++)
-	      *cp1 = *(cp1+1);
-	  else
-	    cp++;
-	if ((new->digestlen = parse_hex(keyhex, (unsigned char *)new->digest, len, NULL, NULL)) == -1)
+
+	if (comma)
 	  {
-	    free(new->name);
-	    ret_err_free(_("bad HEX in trust anchor"), new);
+	    if (!algo || !(digest = split(algo)) || !(keyhex = split(digest)) ||
+		!atoi_check16(comma, &new->keytag) || 
+		!atoi_check8(algo, &new->algo) ||
+		!atoi_check8(digest, &new->digest_type))
+	      {
+		free(new->name);
+		ret_err_free(_("bad trust anchor"), new);
+	      }
+	    
+	    /* Upper bound on length */
+	    len = (2*strlen(keyhex))+1;
+	    new->digest = opt_malloc(len);
+	    unhide_metas(keyhex);
+	    /* 4034: "Whitespace is allowed within digits" */
+	    for (cp = keyhex; *cp; )
+	      if (isspace((unsigned char)*cp))
+		for (cp1 = cp; *cp1; cp1++)
+		  *cp1 = *(cp1+1);
+	      else
+		cp++;
+	    if ((new->digestlen = parse_hex(keyhex, (unsigned char *)new->digest, len, NULL, NULL)) == -1)
+	      {
+		free(new->name);
+		ret_err_free(_("bad HEX in trust anchor"), new);
+	      }
 	  }
 	
 	new->next = daemon->ds;
@@ -5671,7 +5737,7 @@ struct hostsfile *expand_filelist(struct hostsfile *list)
  struct dirent **namelist;

  /* find largest used index */
-  for (i = SRC_AH, ah = list; ah; ah = ah->next)
+  for (last = NULL, i = SRC_AH, ah = list; ah; ah = ah->next)
    {
      last = ah;
      
@@ -5920,6 +5986,9 @@ void read_opts(int argc, char **argv, char *compile_opts)
  daemon->randport_limit = 1;
  daemon->host_index = SRC_AH;
  daemon->max_procs = MAX_PROCS;
+#ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
+  daemon->dump_mask = 0xffffffff;
+#endif
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
  daemon->limit[LIMIT_SIG_FAIL] = DNSSEC_LIMIT_SIG_FAIL;
  daemon->limit[LIMIT_CRYPTO] = DNSSEC_LIMIT_CRYPTO;
@@ -6219,6 +6288,8 @@ void read_opts(int argc, char **argv, char *compile_opts)
 	    strchr(srv->name, '.') && 
 	    strchr(srv->name, '.') == strrchr(srv->name, '.'))
 	  {
+	    if (strlen(srv->name) + 1 + strlen(daemon->domain_suffix) > MAXDNAME)
+	      die(_("srv-host name %s too long after domain appended"), srv->name, EC_MISC);
 	    strcpy(buff, srv->name);
 	    strcat(buff, ".");
 	    strcat(buff, daemon->domain_suffix);
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ void poll_listen(int fd, short event)
     {
       if (arrsize == nfds)
 	 {
-	   /* Array too small, extend. */
+	   /* Array too small. Extend. */
 	   struct pollfd *new;

 	   arrsize = (arrsize == 0) ? 64 : arrsize * 2;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ static void send_ra_alias(time_t now, int iface, char *iface_name, struct in6_ad
  if (!old_prefix && !parm.found_context)
    return; 
  
-  /* If we're sending router address instead of prefix in at least on prefix,
+  /* If we're sending router address instead of prefix in at least one prefix,
     include the advertisement interval option. */
  if (parm.adv_router)
    {
@@ -825,10 +825,10 @@ time_t periodic_ra(time_t now)
 	}
      else if (iface_enumerate(AF_INET6, &param, (callback_t){.af_inet6=iface_search}))
 	/* There's a context overdue, but we can't find an interface
-	   associated with it, because it's for a subnet we dont 
+	   associated with it, because it's for a subnet we don't
 	   have an interface on. Probably we're doing DHCP on
 	   a remote subnet via a relay. Zero the timer, since we won't
-	   ever be able to send ra's and satisfy it. */
+	   ever be able to send RAs to satisfy it. */
 	context->ra_time = 0;
      
      if (param.iface != 0 &&
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -16,16 +16,42 @@

 #include "dnsmasq.h"

-int extract_name(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **pp, 
-		 char *name, int isExtract, int extrabytes)
-{
-  unsigned char *cp = (unsigned char *)name, *p = *pp, *p1 = NULL;
-  unsigned int j, l, namelen = 0, hops = 0;
-  int retvalue = 1;
-  
-  if (isExtract)
-    *cp = 0;
+/* EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT -> extract name
+   EXTR_NAME_COMPARE -> compare name, case insensitive
+   EXTR_NAME_NOCASE -> compare name, case sensitive
+   EXTR_NAME_FLIP -> flip 0x20 bits in packet.

+   For flip, name is  an array of ints, whose size
+   is given in parm, which forms the bitmap. Bits beyond the size
+   are assumed to be zero.
+   
+   return = 0 -> error
+   return = 1 -> extract OK, compare OK, flip OK
+   return = 2 -> extract OK, compare failed.
+   return = 3 -> extract OK, compare failed but only on case.
+
+   If pp == NULL, operate on the query name in the packet.
+*/
+int extract_name(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **pp, 
+		 char *name, int func, unsigned int parm)
+{
+  unsigned char *cp = (unsigned char *)name, *p1 = NULL;
+  unsigned int j, l, namelen = 0, hops = 0;
+  unsigned int bigmap_counter = 0, bigmap_posn = 0, bigmap_size = parm, bitmap = 0;
+  int retvalue = 1, case_insens = 1, isExtract = 0, flip = 0, extrabytes = (int)parm;
+  unsigned int *bigmap = (unsigned int *)name;
+  unsigned char *p = pp ? *pp : (unsigned char *)(header+1);
+  
+  if (func == EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT)
+    isExtract = 1, *cp = 0;
+  else if (func == EXTR_NAME_NOCASE)
+    case_insens = 0;
+  else if (func == EXTR_NAME_FLIP)
+    {
+      flip = 1, extrabytes = 0;
+      name = NULL;
+    }
+  
  while (1)
    { 
      unsigned int label_type;
@@ -46,13 +72,16 @@ int extract_name(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **pp,
 		cp--;
 	      *cp = 0; /* terminate: lose final period */
 	    }
-	  else if (*cp != 0)
+	  else if (!flip && *cp != 0)
 	    retvalue = 2;
-	  
-	  if (p1) /* we jumped via compression */
-	    *pp = p1;
-	  else
-	    *pp = p;
+
+	  if (pp)
+	    {
+	      if (p1) /* we jumped via compression */
+		*pp = p1;
+	      else
+		*pp = p;
+	    }
 	  
 	  return retvalue;
 	}
@@ -85,7 +114,7 @@ int extract_name(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **pp,
 	  if (!CHECK_LEN(header, p, plen, l))
 	    return 0;
 	  
-	  for(j=0; j<l; j++, p++)
+	  for (j=0; j<l; j++, p++)
 	    if (isExtract)
 	      {
 		unsigned char c = *p;
@@ -98,6 +127,24 @@ int extract_name(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **pp,
 		else
 		  *cp++ = c; 
 	      }
+	    else if (flip)
+	      {
+		unsigned char c = *p;
+
+		if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
+		  {
+		    /* Get the next int of the bitmap */
+		    if (bigmap_posn < bigmap_size && bigmap_counter-- == 0)
+		      {
+			bitmap = bigmap[bigmap_posn++];
+			bigmap_counter = (sizeof(unsigned int) * 8) - 1;
+		      }
+		    
+		    if (bitmap & 1)
+		      *p ^= 0x20;
+		    bitmap >>= 1;
+		  }
+	      }
 	    else 
 	      {
 		unsigned char c1 = *cp, c2 = *p;
@@ -107,23 +154,35 @@ int extract_name(struct dns_header *header, size_t plen, unsigned char **pp,
 		else 
 		  {
 		    cp++;
-		    if (c1 >= 'A' && c1 <= 'Z')
-		      c1 += 'a' - 'A';

 		    if (c1 == NAME_ESCAPE)
 		      c1 = (*cp++)-1;
+		    else if (case_insens && c1 >= 'A' && c1 <= 'Z')
+		      c1 += 'a' - 'A';
 		    
-		    if (c2 >= 'A' && c2 <= 'Z')
+		    if (case_insens && c2 >= 'A' && c2 <= 'Z')
 		      c2 += 'a' - 'A';
-		     
+
+		    if (!case_insens && retvalue != 2 && c1 != c2)
+		      {
+			if (c1 >= 'A' && c1 <= 'Z')
+			  c1 += 'a' - 'A';
+			
+			if (c2 >= 'A' && c2 <= 'Z')
+			  c2 += 'a' - 'A';
+			
+			if (c1 == c2)
+			  retvalue = 3;
+		      }
+		    
 		    if (c1 != c2)
-		      retvalue =  2;
+		      retvalue = 2;
 		  }
 	      }
 	    
 	  if (isExtract)
 	    *cp++ = '.';
-	  else if (*cp != 0 && *cp++ != '.')
+	  else if (!flip && *cp != 0 && *cp++ != '.')
 	    retvalue = 2;
 	}
      else
@@ -356,6 +415,7 @@ int private_net(struct in_addr addr, int ban_localhost)
    (((ip_addr & 0xFF000000) == 0x7F000000) && ban_localhost)  /* 127.0.0.0/8    (loopback) */ ||
    (((ip_addr & 0xFF000000) == 0x00000000) && ban_localhost) /* RFC 5735 section 3. "here" network */ ||
    ((ip_addr & 0xFF000000) == 0x0A000000)  /* 10.0.0.0/8     (private)  */ ||
+    ((ip_addr & 0xFFC00000) == 0x64400000)  /* 100.64.0.0/10  (CG-NAT) RFC6598/RFC7793*/ ||
    ((ip_addr & 0xFFF00000) == 0xAC100000)  /* 172.16.0.0/12  (private)  */ ||
    ((ip_addr & 0xFFFF0000) == 0xC0A80000)  /* 192.168.0.0/16 (private)  */ ||
    ((ip_addr & 0xFFFF0000) == 0xA9FE0000)  /* 169.254.0.0/16 (zeroconf) */ ||
@@ -365,7 +425,7 @@ int private_net(struct in_addr addr, int ban_localhost)
    ((ip_addr & 0xFFFFFFFF) == 0xFFFFFFFF)  /* 255.255.255.255/32 (broadcast)*/ ;
 }

-static int private_net6(struct in6_addr *a, int ban_localhost)
+int private_net6(struct in6_addr *a, int ban_localhost)
 {
  /* Block IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses in private IPv4 address space */
  if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(a))
@@ -399,7 +459,7 @@ int do_doctor(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *namebuff)
      if (i == ntohs(header->ancount) && !(p = skip_section(p, ntohs(header->nscount), header, qlen)))
 	return done;
      
-      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, namebuff, 1, 10))
+      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, namebuff, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	return done; /* bad packet */
      
      GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -456,7 +516,7 @@ int do_doctor(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *namebuff)
   Cache said SOA and return the difference in length between name and the name of the 
   SOA RR so we can look it up again.
 */
-static int find_soa(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, int *substring, unsigned long *ttlp, int no_cache, time_t now)
+static int find_soa(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, int *substring, unsigned long *ttlp, int cache, time_t now)
 {
  unsigned char *p, *psave;
  int qtype, qclass, rdlen;
@@ -475,12 +535,9 @@ static int find_soa(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, int *sub
  if (substring)
    *substring = name_len;

-  if (ttlp)
-    *ttlp = daemon->neg_ttl;
-  
  for (i = 0; i < ntohs(header->nscount); i++)
    {
-      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, daemon->workspacename, 1, 0))
+      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, daemon->workspacename, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 	return 0; /* bad packet */
      
      GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -499,7 +556,7 @@ static int find_soa(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, int *sub
 	    {
 	      int prefix = name_len - soa_len;
 	      
-	      if (!no_cache)
+	      if (cache)
 		{
 		  if (!(addr.rrblock.rrdata = blockdata_alloc(NULL, 0)))
 		    return 0;
@@ -509,14 +566,14 @@ static int find_soa(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, int *sub
 	      
 	      for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) /* MNAME, RNAME */
 		{
-		  if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, daemon->workspacename, 1, 0))
+		  if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, daemon->workspacename, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 		    {
-		      if (!no_cache)
+		      if (cache)
 			blockdata_free(addr.rrblock.rrdata);
 		      return 0;
 		    }
 		  
-		  if (!no_cache)
+		  if (cache)
 		    {
 		      len = to_wire(daemon->workspacename);
 		      if (!blockdata_expand(addr.rrblock.rrdata, addr.rrblock.datalen, daemon->workspacename, len))
@@ -531,24 +588,24 @@ static int find_soa(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, int *sub

 	      if (!CHECK_LEN(header, p, qlen, 20))
 		{
-		  if (!no_cache)
+		  if (cache)
 		    blockdata_free(addr.rrblock.rrdata);
 		  return 0;
 		}
 	      
 	      /* rest of RR */
-	      if (!no_cache && !blockdata_expand(addr.rrblock.rrdata, addr.rrblock.datalen, (char *)p, 20))
-		{
-		  blockdata_free(addr.rrblock.rrdata);
-		  return 0;
-		}
-
-	      addr.rrblock.datalen += 20;
-	      
-	      if (!no_cache)
+	      if (cache)
 		{
 		  int secflag = 0;

+		  if (!blockdata_expand(addr.rrblock.rrdata, addr.rrblock.datalen, (char *)p, 20))
+		    {
+		      blockdata_free(addr.rrblock.rrdata);
+		      return 0;
+		    }
+		  
+		  addr.rrblock.datalen += 20;
+		  
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
 		  if (option_bool(OPT_DNSSEC_VALID) && daemon->rr_status[i + ntohs(header->ancount)] != 0)
 		    {
@@ -631,12 +688,12 @@ static int log_txt(char *name, unsigned char *p, const int ardlen, int flag)
   Return 2 if the packet is malformed.
 */
 int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t now, 
-		      struct ipsets *ipsets, struct ipsets *nftsets, int is_sign, int check_rebind,
+		      struct ipsets *ipsets, struct ipsets *nftsets, int check_rebind,
 		      int no_cache_dnssec, int secure)
 {
  unsigned char *p, *p1, *endrr, *namep;
  int j, qtype, qclass, aqtype, aqclass, ardlen, res;
-  unsigned long ttl = 0;
+  unsigned long ttl;
  union all_addr addr;
 #ifdef HAVE_IPSET
  char **ipsets_cur;
@@ -648,19 +705,14 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 #else
  (void)nftsets; /* unused */
 #endif
-  int found = 0, cname_count = CNAME_CHAIN;
-  struct crec *cpp = NULL;
+  int name_encoding, found = 0, ptr = 0;
  int flags = RCODE(header) == NXDOMAIN ? F_NXDOMAIN : 0;
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-  int cname_short = 0;
-#endif
-  unsigned long cttl = ULONG_MAX, attl;

  cache_start_insert();

  namep = p = (unsigned char *)(header+1);
  
-  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 || !extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, 1, 4))
+  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 || !extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 4))
    return 2; /* bad packet */
  
  GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -668,114 +720,73 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
  
  if (qclass != C_IN)
    return 0;
-  
-  /* PTRs: we chase CNAMEs here, since we have no way to 
-     represent them in the cache. */
-  if (qtype == T_PTR)
+
+  /* If the PTR record encodes an address, store using a name/address record with F_REVERSE set.
+     Otherwise, it gets stored as an arbitrary RR below. If the query is answerable with
+     a CNAME, also take the arbitrary-RR route, since the cache can't represent a CNAME
+     whose target is stored in a F_REVERSE record. */
+  if (qtype == T_PTR && !(flags & F_NXDOMAIN) && (name_encoding = in_arpa_name_2_addr(name, &addr)))
    { 
-      int insert = 1, name_encoding = in_arpa_name_2_addr(name, &addr);
+      ptr = 1;
      
-      if (!(flags & F_NXDOMAIN))
-	{
-	cname_loop:
-	  if (!(p1 = skip_questions(header, qlen)))
-	    return 2;
-	  
-	  for (j = 0; j < ntohs(header->ancount); j++) 
-	    {
-	      int secflag = 0;
-	      if (!(res = extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, 0, 10)))
-		return 2; /* bad packet */
-	      
-	      GETSHORT(aqtype, p1); 
-	      GETSHORT(aqclass, p1);
-	      GETLONG(attl, p1);
-	      
-	      if ((daemon->max_ttl != 0) && (attl > daemon->max_ttl) && !is_sign)
-		{
-		  (p1) -= 4;
-		  PUTLONG(daemon->max_ttl, p1);
-		}
-	      GETSHORT(ardlen, p1);
-	      endrr = p1+ardlen;
-	      
-	      /* TTL of record is minimum of CNAMES and PTR */
-	      if (attl < cttl)
-		cttl = attl;
-	      
-	      if (aqclass == C_IN && res != 2 && (aqtype == T_CNAME || aqtype == T_PTR))
-		{
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-		  if (option_bool(OPT_DNSSEC_VALID) && j < daemon->rr_status_sz && daemon->rr_status[j] != 0)
-		    {
-		      /* validated RR anywhere in CNAME chain, don't cache. */
-		      if (cname_short || aqtype == T_CNAME)
-			insert = 0;
-		      
-		      secflag = F_DNSSECOK;
-		      /* limit TTL based on signature. */
-		      if (daemon->rr_status[j] < cttl)
-			cttl = daemon->rr_status[j];
-		    }
-#endif
-
-		  if (aqtype == T_CNAME)
-		    log_query(secflag | F_CNAME | F_FORWARD | F_UPSTREAM, name, NULL, NULL, 0);
-		  
-		  if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, 1, 0))
-		    return 2;
-		  
-		  if (aqtype == T_CNAME)
-		    {
-		      if (!cname_count--)
-			return 0; /* looped CNAMES, we can't cache. */
-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-		      cname_short = 1;
-#endif
-		      goto cname_loop;
-		    }
-		  
-		  found = 1; 
-		  
-		  if (!name_encoding)
-		    log_query(secflag | F_FORWARD | F_UPSTREAM, name, NULL, NULL, aqtype);
-		  else
-		    {
-		      log_query(name_encoding | secflag | F_REVERSE | F_UPSTREAM, name, &addr, NULL, 0);
-		      if (insert)
-			cache_insert(name, &addr, C_IN, now, cttl, name_encoding | secflag | F_REVERSE);
-		    }
-		}
-
-	      p1 = endrr;
-	      if (!CHECK_LEN(header, p1, qlen, 0))
-		return 2; /* bad packet */
-	    }
-	}
+      if (!(p1 = skip_questions(header, qlen)))
+	return 2;
      
-      if (!found && !option_bool(OPT_NO_NEG))
+      for (j = 0; j < ntohs(header->ancount); j++) 
 	{
-	  /* For reverse records, we use the name field to store the SOA name. */
-	  int substring, have_soa = find_soa(header, qlen, name, &substring, &ttl, no_cache_dnssec, now);
+	  int secflag = 0;
+	  if (!(res = extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
+	    return 2; /* bad packet */
 	  
-	  flags |= F_NEG | (secure ?  F_DNSSECOK : 0);
-	  if (name_encoding && ttl)
+	  GETSHORT(aqtype, p1); 
+	  GETSHORT(aqclass, p1);
+	  p = p1;
+	  GETLONG(ttl, p1);
+	  GETSHORT(ardlen, p1);
+	  endrr = p1+ardlen;
+	  
+	  if (aqclass == C_IN && res == 1 && aqtype == T_PTR)
 	    {
-	      flags |= F_REVERSE | name_encoding;
-	      if (!have_soa)
-		flags |= F_NO_RR; /* Marks no SOA found. */
-	      cache_insert(name + substring, &addr, C_IN, now, ttl, flags);
+	      found = 1;
+
+	      if ((daemon->max_ttl != 0) && (ttl > daemon->max_ttl))
+		ttl = daemon->max_ttl;
+	      
+#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
+	      if (option_bool(OPT_DNSSEC_VALID) && j < daemon->rr_status_sz && daemon->rr_status[j] != 0)
+		{
+		  secflag = F_DNSSECOK;
+		  /* limit TTL based on signature. */
+		  if (daemon->rr_status[j] < ttl)
+		    ttl = daemon->rr_status[j];
+		}
+#endif
+	      
+	      PUTLONG(ttl, p);
+
+	      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
+		return 2;
+	      log_query(name_encoding | secflag | F_REVERSE | F_UPSTREAM, name, &addr, NULL, 0);
+	      cache_insert(name, &addr, C_IN, now, ttl, name_encoding | secflag | F_REVERSE);
+	      
+	      /* restore query into name */
+	      p1 = namep;
+	      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
+		return 2;
 	    }
 	  
-	  log_query(flags | F_UPSTREAM, name, &addr, NULL, 0);
+	  p1 = endrr;
+	  if (!CHECK_LEN(header, p1, qlen, 0))
+	    return 2; /* bad packet */
 	}
    }
-  else
+
+  if (!ptr || !found)
    {
      /* everything other than PTR */
-      struct crec *newc;
-      int addrlen = 0, insert = 1;
-      
+      struct crec *newc, *cpp = NULL;
+      int cname_count = CNAME_CHAIN, addrlen = 0, insert = 1;
+            
      if (qtype == T_A)
 	{
 	  addrlen = INADDRSZ;
@@ -787,12 +798,12 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 	  flags |= F_IPV6;
 	}
      else if (qtype != T_CNAME &&
-	       (qtype == T_SRV || rr_on_list(daemon->cache_rr, qtype) || rr_on_list(daemon->cache_rr, T_ANY)))
+	       (qtype == T_SRV || qtype == T_PTR || rr_on_list(daemon->cache_rr, qtype) || rr_on_list(daemon->cache_rr, T_ANY)))
 	flags |= F_RR;
      else
 	insert = 0; /* NOTE: do not cache data from CNAME queries. */
      
-    cname_loop1:
+    cname_loop:
      if (!(p1 = skip_questions(header, qlen)))
 	return 2;
      
@@ -800,17 +811,13 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 	{
 	  int secflag = 0;
 	  
-	  if (!(res = extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, 0, 10)))
+	  if (!(res = extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_COMPARE, 10)))
 	    return 2; /* bad packet */
 	  
 	  GETSHORT(aqtype, p1); 
 	  GETSHORT(aqclass, p1);
-	  GETLONG(attl, p1);
-	  if ((daemon->max_ttl != 0) && (attl > daemon->max_ttl) && !is_sign)
-	    {
-	      (p1) -= 4;
-	      PUTLONG(daemon->max_ttl, p1);
-	    }
+	  p = p1;
+	  GETLONG(ttl, p1);
 	  GETSHORT(ardlen, p1);
 	  endrr = p1+ardlen;

@@ -823,6 +830,9 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 	      p1 = endrr;
 	      continue;
 	    }
+
+	  if ((daemon->max_ttl != 0) && (ttl > daemon->max_ttl))
+	    ttl = daemon->max_ttl;
 	  
 #ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
 	  if (option_bool(OPT_DNSSEC_VALID) && j < daemon->rr_status_sz && daemon->rr_status[j] != 0)
@@ -830,10 +840,12 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 	      secflag = F_DNSSECOK;
 	      
 	      /* limit TTl based on sig. */
-	      if (daemon->rr_status[j] < attl)
-		attl = daemon->rr_status[j];
+	      if (daemon->rr_status[j] < ttl)
+		ttl = daemon->rr_status[j];
 	    }
 #endif	  
+
+	  PUTLONG(ttl, p);
 	  
 	  if (aqtype == T_CNAME)
 	    {
@@ -844,7 +856,7 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 	      
 	      if (insert)
 		{
-		  if ((newc = cache_insert(name, NULL, C_IN, now, attl, F_CNAME | F_FORWARD | secflag)))
+		  if ((newc = cache_insert(name, NULL, C_IN, now, ttl, F_CNAME | F_FORWARD | secflag)))
 		    {
 		      newc->addr.cname.target.cache = NULL;
 		      newc->addr.cname.is_name_ptr = 0; 
@@ -857,16 +869,15 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 		    }
 		  
 		  cpp = newc;
-		  if (attl < cttl)
-		    cttl = attl;
 		}
 	      
+	      /* Set the query to the CNAME target and go again unless the query was just for a CNAME. */
 	      namep = p1;
-	      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, 1, 0))
+	      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 		return 2;
 	      
 	      if (qtype != T_CNAME)
-		goto cname_loop1;
+		goto cname_loop;

 	      found = 1;
 	    }
@@ -932,7 +943,7 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 			      /* Name, extract it then re-encode. */
 			      int len;
 			      
-			      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, 1, 0))
+			      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p1, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 				{
 				  blockdata_free(addr.rrblock.rrdata);
 				  return 2;
@@ -965,7 +976,7 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 			} while (desc != -1);
 		      
 		      /* we overwrote the original name, so get it back here. */
-		      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &tmp, name, 1, 0))
+		      if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &tmp, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 			{
 			  blockdata_free(addr.rrblock.rrdata);
 			  return 2;
@@ -990,24 +1001,39 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 			  private_net6(&addr.addr6, !option_bool(OPT_LOCAL_REBIND)))
 			return 1;
 		    }
-		  
+
+		  if (flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6))
+		    {
+		      /* If we're a child process, send this to the parent,
+			 since the ipset and nfset access is not re-entrant. */
 #ifdef HAVE_IPSET
-		  if (ipsets && (flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6)))
-		    for (ipsets_cur = ipsets->sets; *ipsets_cur; ipsets_cur++)
-		      if (add_to_ipset(*ipsets_cur, &addr, flags, 0) == 0)
-			log_query((flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6)) | F_IPSET, ipsets->domain, &addr, *ipsets_cur, 1);
+		      if (ipsets)
+			{
+			  if (daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
+			    cache_send_ipset(PIPE_OP_IPSET, ipsets, flags, &addr);
+			  else
+			    for (ipsets_cur = ipsets->sets; *ipsets_cur; ipsets_cur++)
+			      if (add_to_ipset(*ipsets_cur, &addr, flags, 0) == 0)
+				log_query((flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6)) | F_IPSET, ipsets->domain, &addr, *ipsets_cur, 1);
+			}
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_NFTSET
-		  if (nftsets && (flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6)))
-		    for (nftsets_cur = nftsets->sets; *nftsets_cur; nftsets_cur++)
-		      if (add_to_nftset(*nftsets_cur, &addr, flags, 0) == 0)
-			log_query((flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6)) | F_IPSET, nftsets->domain, &addr, *nftsets_cur, 0);
+		      if (nftsets)
+			{
+			  if (daemon->pipe_to_parent != -1)
+			    cache_send_ipset(PIPE_OP_NFTSET, nftsets, flags, &addr);
+			  else
+			    for (nftsets_cur = nftsets->sets; *nftsets_cur; nftsets_cur++)
+			      if (add_to_nftset(*nftsets_cur, &addr, flags, 0) == 0)
+				log_query((flags & (F_IPV4 | F_IPV6)) | F_IPSET, nftsets->domain, &addr, *nftsets_cur, 0);
+			}
 #endif
+		    }
 		}
 	      
 	      if (insert)
 		{
-		  newc = cache_insert(name, &addr, C_IN, now, attl, flags | F_FORWARD | secflag);
+		  newc = cache_insert(name, &addr, C_IN, now, ttl, flags | F_FORWARD | secflag);
 		  if (newc && cpp)
 		    {
 		      next_uid(newc);
@@ -1053,28 +1079,43 @@ int extract_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, time_t
 	  
 	  if (insert && !option_bool(OPT_NO_NEG))
 	    {
-	      int substring, have_soa = find_soa(header, qlen, name, &substring, &ttl, no_cache_dnssec, now);
+	      /* The order of records going into the cache matters (see  cache_recv_insert()).
+		 The target of a CNAME must immediately follow the CNAME.
+		 (CNAME has already gone into the cache at this point)
+		 Here we call find_soa to get the ttl and substring, but
+		 we DON'T LET IT INSERT the SOA into the cache if our negative record is a CNAME target
+		 so that the SOA doesn't come before the CNAME target.
+
+		 We call find_soa() again after inserting the CNAME target to insert the SOA
+		 if necessary. */
+
+	      int substring, have_soa = find_soa(header, qlen, name, &substring, &ttl, cpp == NULL, now);
 	      
-	      /* If there's no SOA to get the TTL from, but there is a CNAME 
-		 pointing at this, inherit its TTL */
-	      if (ttl || cpp)
-		{
-		  if (!ttl)
-		    ttl = cttl;
-		  
-		  addr.rrdata.datalen = substring;
-		  addr.rrdata.rrtype = qtype;
-		  
-		  if (!have_soa)
-		    flags |= F_NO_RR; /* Marks no SOA found. */
-		}
-	      
-	      newc = cache_insert(name, &addr, C_IN, now, ttl, F_FORWARD | F_NEG | flags | (secure ? F_DNSSECOK : 0));	
-	      if (newc && cpp)
-		{
-		  next_uid(newc);
-		  cpp->addr.cname.target.cache = newc;
-		  cpp->addr.cname.uid = newc->uid;
+	      if (have_soa || daemon->neg_ttl)
+		{		  
+		  if (have_soa)
+		    {
+		      addr.rrdata.datalen = substring;
+		      addr.rrdata.rrtype = qtype;
+		    }
+		  else
+		    {
+		      /* If daemon->neg_ttl is set, we can cache even without an SOA. */
+		      ttl = daemon->neg_ttl;
+		      flags |= F_NO_RR; /* Marks no SOA found. */
+		    }
+			      
+		  newc = cache_insert(name, &addr, C_IN, now, ttl, F_FORWARD | F_NEG | flags | (secure ? F_DNSSECOK : 0));	
+		  if (newc && cpp)
+		    {
+		      next_uid(newc);
+		      cpp->addr.cname.target.cache = newc;
+		      cpp->addr.cname.uid = newc->uid;
+		    
+		      /* we didn't insert the SOA before a CNAME target above, do it now. */
+		      if (have_soa)
+			find_soa(header, qlen, name, NULL, NULL, 1, now);
+		    }
 		}
 	    }
 	}
@@ -1127,7 +1168,7 @@ void report_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t len, u32 mark)
    {
      int aqtype, aqclass, ardlen;
      
-      if (!extract_name(header, len, &p, daemon->namebuff, 1, 10))
+      if (!extract_name(header, len, &p, daemon->namebuff, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	return;
      
      if (!CHECK_LEN(header, p, len, 10))
@@ -1145,7 +1186,7 @@ void report_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t len, u32 mark)
 	{
 	  if (aqtype == T_CNAME)
 	    {
-	      if (!extract_name(header, len, &p, daemon->workspacename, 1, 0))
+	      if (!extract_name(header, len, &p, daemon->workspacename, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 0))
 		return;
 	      if (safe_name(daemon->namebuff) && safe_name(daemon->workspacename))
 		ubus_event_bcast_connmark_allowlist_resolved(mark, daemon->namebuff, daemon->workspacename, attl);
@@ -1179,7 +1220,8 @@ void report_addresses(struct dns_header *header, size_t len, u32 mark)

 /* If the packet holds exactly one query
   return F_IPV4 or F_IPV6  and leave the name from the query in name */
-unsigned int extract_request(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name, unsigned short *typep)
+unsigned int extract_request(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name,
+			     unsigned short *typep, unsigned short *classp)
 {
  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)(header+1);
  int qtype, qclass;
@@ -1195,7 +1237,7 @@ unsigned int extract_request(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name,
  if (!(header->hb3 & HB3_QR) && (ntohs(header->ancount) != 0 || ntohs(header->nscount) != 0))
    return 0; /* non-standard query. */
  
-  if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, 1, 4))
+  if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 4))
    return 0; /* bad packet */
   
  GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -1204,6 +1246,9 @@ unsigned int extract_request(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name,
  if (typep)
    *typep = qtype;

+  if (classp)
+    *classp = qclass;
+
  if (qclass == C_IN)
    {
      if (qtype == T_A)
@@ -1214,14 +1259,10 @@ unsigned int extract_request(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, char *name,
 	return  F_IPV4 | F_IPV6;
    }

-#ifdef HAVE_DNSSEC
-  /* F_DNSSECOK as agument to search_servers() inhibits forwarding
-     to servers for domains without a trust anchor. This make the
-     behaviour for DS and DNSKEY queries we forward the same
+  /* Make the behaviour for DS and DNSKEY queries we forward the same
     as for DS and DNSKEY queries we originate. */
-  if (option_bool(OPT_DNSSEC_VALID) && (qtype == T_DS || qtype == T_DNSKEY))
-    return F_DNSSECOK;
-#endif
+  if (qtype == T_DS || qtype == T_DNSKEY)
+    return F_DNSSECOK | (qtype == T_DS ? F_DS : 0);
  
  return F_QUERY;
 }
@@ -1309,7 +1350,7 @@ static int check_bad_address(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen, struct bogu

  for (i = ntohs(header->ancount); i != 0; i--)
    {
-      if (name && !extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, 1, 10))
+      if (name && !extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 10))
 	return 0; /* bad packet */

      if (!name && !(p = skip_name(p, header, qlen, 10)))
@@ -1386,6 +1427,11 @@ int check_for_ignored_address(struct dns_header *header, size_t qlen)
  return check_bad_address(header, qlen, daemon->ignore_addr, NULL, NULL);
 }

+/* Nameoffset > 0 means that the name of the new record already exists at the given offset,
+   so use a "jump" to that.
+   Nameoffset == 0 means use the first variable argument as the name of the new record.
+   nameoffset < 0 means use the first variable argument as the start of the new record name,
+   then "jump" to -nameoffset to complete it. */
 int add_resource_record(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, int *truncp, int nameoffset, unsigned char **pp, 
 			unsigned long ttl, int *offset, unsigned short type, unsigned short class, char *format, ...)
 {
@@ -1583,7 +1629,7 @@ size_t answer_request(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen,
  int rd_bit = (header->hb3 & HB3_RD);
  int count = 255; /* catch loops */

-  /* Suppress cached answers of no_cache set. */
+  /* Suppress cached answers if no_cache set. */
  if (no_cache)
    rd_bit = 0;
  
@@ -1593,14 +1639,12 @@ size_t answer_request(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen,
  if (filtered)
    *filtered = 0;
  
-  /* never answer queries with RD unset, to avoid cache snooping. */
-  if ( ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 ||
-       ntohs(header->ancount) != 0 ||
+  if (ntohs(header->qdcount) != 1 ||
+      ntohs(header->ancount) != 0 ||
      ntohs(header->nscount) != 0 ||
-      ntohs(header->qdcount) == 0 ||
      OPCODE(header) != QUERY )
    return 0;
-
+  
  /* Don't return AD set if checking disabled. */
  if (header->hb4 & HB4_CD)
    sec_data = 0;
@@ -1619,7 +1663,7 @@ size_t answer_request(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen,
  nameoffset = p - (unsigned char *)header;
  
  /* now extract name as .-concatenated string into name */
-  if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, 1, 4))
+  if (!extract_name(header, qlen, &p, name, EXTR_NAME_EXTRACT, 4))
    return 0; /* bad packet */
  
  GETSHORT(qtype, p); 
@@ -2263,14 +2307,11 @@ size_t answer_request(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen,
     
     For FORWARD NEG records, the addr.rrdata.datalen field of the othewise
     empty addr is used to held an offset in to the name which yields the SOA
-     name. For REVERSE NEG records, the otherwise empty name field holds the
-     SOA name. If soa_name has zero length, then no SOA is known. soa_lookup
-     MUST be a neg record here.
-     
+     name.
     If the F_NO_RR flag is set, there was no SOA record supplied with the RR.  */
  if (soa_lookup && !(soa_lookup->flags & F_NO_RR))
    {
-      char *soa_name = soa_lookup->flags & F_REVERSE ? cache_get_name(soa_lookup) : name + soa_lookup->addr.rrdata.datalen;
+      char *soa_name = name + soa_lookup->addr.rrdata.datalen;
      
      crecp = NULL;
      while ((crecp = cache_find_by_name(crecp, soa_name, now, F_RR)))
@@ -2339,7 +2380,7 @@ size_t answer_request(struct dns_header *header, char *limit, size_t qlen,
      if (!(ansp = skip_questions(header, qlen)))
 	return 0; /* bad packet */
      anscount = nscount = addncount = 0;
-      log_query(F_CONFIG, "reply", NULL, "truncated", 0);
+      log_query(0, "reply", NULL, "truncated", 0);
    }

  if (nxdomain)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
 		       time_t now,
 		       unsigned int lease_time,
 		       unsigned short fuzz,
-		       const char *pxevendor);
+		       const char *pxevendor,
+		       int leasequery);


 static void match_vendor_opts(unsigned char *opt, struct dhcp_opt *dopt); 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ static void handle_encap(struct dhcp_packet *mess, unsigned char *end, unsigned

 size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 		  size_t sz, time_t now, int unicast_dest, int loopback,
-		  int *is_inform, int pxe, struct in_addr fallback, time_t recvtime)
+		  int *is_inform, int pxe, struct in_addr fallback, time_t recvtime, struct in_addr leasequery_source)
 {
  unsigned char *opt, *clid = NULL;
  struct dhcp_lease *ltmp, *lease = NULL;
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 #endif

  subnet_addr.s_addr = override.s_addr = 0;
-
+          
  /* set tag with name == interface */
  iface_id.net = iface_name;
  iface_id.next = NULL;
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	    }
 	}
      
-      if ((opt = option_find(mess, sz, OPTION_AGENT_ID, 1)))
+      if (mess_type != DHCPLEASEQUERY && (opt = option_find(mess, sz, OPTION_AGENT_ID, 1)))
 	{
 	  /* Any agent-id needs to be copied back out, verbatim, as the last option
 	     in the packet. Here, we shift it to the very end of the buffer, if it doesn't
@@ -203,6 +204,10 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	      memcpy(agent_id, opt, total);
 	    }

+	  /* look for RFC5010 flags sub-option */
+	  if ((sopt = option_find1(option_ptr(opt, 0), option_ptr(opt, option_len(opt)), SUBOPT_FLAGS, INADDRSZ)))
+	    unicast_dest = !!(option_uint(opt, 0, 1) & 0x80);
+	      
 	  /* look for RFC3527 Link selection sub-option */
 	  if ((sopt = option_find1(option_ptr(opt, 0), option_ptr(opt, option_len(opt)), SUBOPT_SUBNET_SELECT, INADDRSZ)))
 	    subnet_addr = option_addr(sopt);
@@ -211,7 +216,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	  if ((sopt = option_find1(option_ptr(opt, 0), option_ptr(opt, option_len(opt)), SUBOPT_SERVER_OR, INADDRSZ)))
 	    override = option_addr(sopt);
 	  
-	  /* if a circuit-id or remote-is option is provided, exact-match to options. */ 
+	  /* if a circuit-id or remote-is option is provided, exact-match to options. */
 	  for (vendor = daemon->dhcp_vendors; vendor; vendor = vendor->next)
 	    {
 	      int search;
@@ -224,7 +229,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 		search = SUBOPT_SUBSCR_ID;
 	      else 
 		continue;
-
+	      
 	      if ((sopt = option_find1(option_ptr(opt, 0), option_ptr(opt, option_len(opt)), search, 1)) &&
 		  vendor->len == option_len(sopt) &&
 		  memcmp(option_ptr(sopt, 0), vendor->data, vendor->len) == 0)
@@ -234,7 +239,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 		} 
 	    }
 	}
-
+      
      /* Check for RFC3011 subnet selector - only if RFC3527 one not present */
      if (subnet_addr.s_addr == 0 && (opt = option_find(mess, sz, OPTION_SUBNET_SELECT, INADDRSZ)))
 	subnet_addr = option_addr(opt);
@@ -288,6 +293,8 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	{
 	  addr = subnet_addr;
 	  force = 1;
+	  if (mess->giaddr.s_addr)
+	    via_relay = 1;
 	}
      else if (mess->giaddr.s_addr)
 	{
@@ -356,7 +363,12 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 		  if (context_tmp->local.s_addr == 0)
 		    context_tmp->local = fallback;
 		  if (context_tmp->router.s_addr == 0 && !share)
-		    context_tmp->router = mess->giaddr;
+		    {
+		      if (override.s_addr)
+			context_tmp->router = override;
+		      else
+			context_tmp->router = mess->giaddr;
+		    }
 		  
 		  /* fill in missing broadcast addresses for relayed ranges */
 		  if (!(context_tmp->flags & CONTEXT_BRDCAST) && context_tmp->broadcast.s_addr == 0 )
@@ -373,44 +385,47 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	context = context_new; 
    }
  
-  if (!context)
+  if (mess_type != DHCPLEASEQUERY)
    {
-      const char *via;
-      if (subnet_addr.s_addr)
+      if  (!context)
 	{
-	  via = _("with subnet selector");
-	  inet_ntop(AF_INET, &subnet_addr, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
-	}
-      else
-	{
-	  via = _("via");
-	  if (mess->giaddr.s_addr)
-	    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &mess->giaddr, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
-	  else
-	    safe_strncpy(daemon->addrbuff, iface_name, ADDRSTRLEN);
-	}
-      my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_WARNING, _("no address range available for DHCP request %s %s"),
-		via, daemon->addrbuff);
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-  if (option_bool(OPT_LOG_OPTS))
-    {
-      struct dhcp_context *context_tmp;
-      for (context_tmp = context; context_tmp; context_tmp = context_tmp->current)
-	{
-	  inet_ntop(AF_INET, &context_tmp->start, daemon->namebuff, MAXDNAME);
-	  if (context_tmp->flags & (CONTEXT_STATIC | CONTEXT_PROXY))
+	  const char *via;
+	  if (subnet_addr.s_addr)
 	    {
-	      inet_ntop(AF_INET, &context_tmp->netmask, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
-	      my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("%u available DHCP subnet: %s/%s"),
-			ntohl(mess->xid), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
+	      via = _("with subnet selector");
+	      inet_ntop(AF_INET, &subnet_addr, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
 	    }
 	  else
 	    {
-	      inet_ntop(AF_INET, &context_tmp->end, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
-	      my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("%u available DHCP range: %s -- %s"),
-			ntohl(mess->xid), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
+	      via = _("via");
+	      if (mess->giaddr.s_addr)
+		inet_ntop(AF_INET, &mess->giaddr, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+	      else
+		safe_strncpy(daemon->addrbuff, iface_name, ADDRSTRLEN);
+	    }
+	  my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_WARNING, _("no address range available for DHCP request %s %s"),
+		    via, daemon->addrbuff);
+	  return 0;
+	}
+      
+      if (option_bool(OPT_LOG_OPTS))
+	{
+	  struct dhcp_context *context_tmp;
+	  for (context_tmp = context; context_tmp; context_tmp = context_tmp->current)
+	    {
+	      inet_ntop(AF_INET, &context_tmp->start, daemon->namebuff, MAXDNAME);
+	      if (context_tmp->flags & (CONTEXT_STATIC | CONTEXT_PROXY))
+		{
+		  inet_ntop(AF_INET, &context_tmp->netmask, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+		  my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("%u available DHCP subnet: %s/%s"),
+			    ntohl(mess->xid), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  inet_ntop(AF_INET, &context_tmp->end, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+		  my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("%u available DHCP range: %s -- %s"),
+			    ntohl(mess->xid), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
+		}
 	    }
 	}
    }
@@ -672,7 +687,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	      
 	      clear_packet(mess, end);
 	      do_options(context, mess, end, NULL, hostname, get_domain(mess->yiaddr), 
-			 netid, subnet_addr, 0, 0, -1, NULL, vendor_class_len, now, 0xffffffff, 0, NULL);
+			 netid, subnet_addr, 0, 0, -1, NULL, vendor_class_len, now, 0xffffffff, 0, NULL, 0);
 	    }
 	}
      
@@ -818,8 +833,8 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	    }
 	}
    }
-  
-  if (config)
+
+  if (mess_type != DHCPLEASEQUERY && config)
    {
      struct dhcp_netid_list *list;
      
@@ -860,7 +875,8 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
    clid = NULL;
          
  /* Check if client is PXE client. */
-  if (daemon->enable_pxe &&
+  if (mess_type != DHCPLEASEQUERY &&
+      daemon->enable_pxe &&
      is_pxe_client(mess, sz, &pxevendor))
    {
      if ((opt = option_find(mess, sz, OPTION_PXE_UUID, 17)))
@@ -1035,7 +1051,8 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
    }

  /* if we're just a proxy server, go no further */
-  if ((context->flags & CONTEXT_PROXY) || pxe)
+  if (mess_type != DHCPLEASEQUERY &&
+      ((context->flags & CONTEXT_PROXY) || pxe))
    return 0;
  
  if ((opt = option_find(mess, sz, OPTION_REQUESTED_OPTIONS, 0)))
@@ -1047,6 +1064,176 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
  
  switch (mess_type)
    {
+    case DHCPLEASEQUERY:
+      mess_type = DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN;
+      
+      if (!option_bool(OPT_LEASEQUERY))
+	return 0;
+      
+      if (leasequery_source.s_addr == 0)
+	return 0;
+
+      inet_ntop(AF_INET, &leasequery_source, daemon->workspacename, ADDRSTRLEN);
+
+      if (daemon->leasequery_addr)
+	{
+	  struct bogus_addr *baddrp;
+
+	  for (baddrp = daemon->leasequery_addr; baddrp; baddrp = baddrp->next)
+	    if (!baddrp->is6 && is_same_net_prefix(leasequery_source, baddrp->addr.addr4, baddrp->prefix))
+	      break;
+	  
+	  if (!baddrp)
+	    {
+	      my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_WARNING, _("leasequery from %s not permitted"), daemon->workspacename);
+	      return 0;
+	    }
+	}
+      
+      daemon->metrics[METRIC_DHCPLEASEQUERY]++;
+      log_packet("DHCPLEASEQUERY", mess->ciaddr.s_addr ? &mess->ciaddr : NULL, emac_len != 0 ? emac : NULL, emac_len,
+		 iface_name, "from ", daemon->workspacename, mess->xid);
+
+      /* Put all the contexts on the ->current list for the next stages. */
+      for (context = daemon->dhcp; context; context = context->next)
+	context->current = context->next;
+      
+      /* Have maybe already found the lease by MAC or clid. */
+      if (mess->ciaddr.s_addr != 0 &&
+	  !(lease = lease_find_by_addr(mess->ciaddr)) &&
+	  address_available(daemon->dhcp, mess->ciaddr, tagif_netid))
+	{
+	  mess_type = DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED;
+	  daemon->metrics[METRIC_DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED]++;
+	}
+      
+      if (lease)
+	{
+	  /* RFC4388 para 6.4.2 */
+	  if (lease->agent_id)
+	    {
+	      unsigned char *sopt ;
+	      
+	      for (vendor = daemon->dhcp_vendors; vendor; vendor = vendor->next)
+		{
+		  int search;
+		  
+		  if (vendor->match_type == MATCH_CIRCUIT)
+		    search = SUBOPT_CIRCUIT_ID;
+		  else if (vendor->match_type == MATCH_REMOTE)
+		    search = SUBOPT_REMOTE_ID;
+		  else if (vendor->match_type == MATCH_SUBSCRIBER)
+		    search = SUBOPT_SUBSCR_ID;
+		  else 
+		    continue;
+		  
+		  if ((sopt = option_find1(lease->agent_id, lease->agent_id + lease->agent_id_len, search, 1)) &&
+		      vendor->len == option_len(sopt) &&
+		      memcmp(option_ptr(sopt, 0), vendor->data, vendor->len) == 0)
+		    {
+		      vendor->netid.next = netid;
+		      netid = &vendor->netid;
+		    }
+		}
+	      
+	      tagif_netid = run_tag_if(netid);
+	    }
+	  
+	  /* Now find the context for this lease and config for this host. */
+	  if ((context = narrow_context(daemon->dhcp, lease->addr, tagif_netid)))
+	    {
+	      if ((config = find_config(daemon->dhcp_conf, context, lease->clid, lease->clid_len, 
+					lease->hwaddr, lease->hwaddr_len, lease->hwaddr_type, lease->hostname, tagif_netid)))
+		{
+		  struct dhcp_netid_list *list;
+		  
+		  for (list = config->netid; list; list = list->next)
+		    {
+		      list->list->next = netid;
+		      netid = list->list;
+		    }
+
+		  tagif_netid = run_tag_if(netid);
+		}
+	      
+	      if (context->netid.net)
+		{
+		  context->netid.next = netid;
+		  tagif_netid = run_tag_if(&context->netid);
+		}
+
+	      log_tags(tagif_netid, ntohl(mess->xid));
+	      emac = extended_hwaddr(lease->hwaddr_type, lease->hwaddr_len, lease->hwaddr, lease->clid_len, lease->clid, &emac_len);
+	      mess_type = DHCPLEASEACTIVE;
+	      daemon->metrics[METRIC_DHCPLEASEACTIVE]++;
+	    }
+	}
+      
+      log_packet(mess_type == DHCPLEASEACTIVE ? "DHCPLEASEACTIVE" : (mess_type == DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED ? "DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED" : "DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN"),
+		 mess_type == DHCPLEASEACTIVE ? &lease->addr : (mess->ciaddr.s_addr != 0 ? &mess->ciaddr : NULL),
+		 emac_len != 0 ? emac : NULL, emac_len,
+		 iface_name, mess_type == DHCPLEASEACTIVE ? lease->hostname : NULL, NULL, mess->xid);
+      
+      clear_packet(mess, end);
+      option_put(mess, end, OPTION_MESSAGE_TYPE, 1, mess_type);
+      
+      if (mess_type == DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN)
+	{
+	  daemon->metrics[METRIC_DHCPLEASEUNKNOWN]++;
+	  mess->ciaddr.s_addr = 0;
+	}
+      
+      if (mess_type == DHCPLEASEACTIVE)
+	{
+	  unsigned char *p;
+	  
+	  mess->ciaddr = lease->addr;
+	  mess->hlen = lease->hwaddr_len;
+	  mess->htype = lease->hwaddr_type;
+	  memcpy(mess->chaddr, lease->hwaddr, lease->hwaddr_len);
+	  
+	  if (lease->clid && in_list(req_options, OPTION_CLIENT_ID) &&
+	      (p = free_space(mess, end, OPTION_CLIENT_ID, lease->clid_len)))
+	    memcpy(p, lease->clid, lease->clid_len);
+	  
+	  if (in_list(req_options, OPTION_LEASE_TIME))
+	    {
+	      if (lease->expires == 0) /* infinite lease */
+		option_put(mess, end, OPTION_LEASE_TIME, 4, 0xffffffff);
+	      else
+		option_put(mess, end, OPTION_LEASE_TIME, 4, (unsigned int)(lease->expires - now));
+	    }
+	  
+	  if (lease->expires != 0)
+	    {
+	      time = calc_time(context, config, NULL);
+
+	      if (in_list(req_options, OPTION_T1) && (lease->expires - now) > time/2)
+		option_put(mess, end, OPTION_T1, 4, ((unsigned int)(lease->expires - now)) - time/2);
+	      if (in_list(req_options, OPTION_T2) && (lease->expires - now) > time/8)
+		option_put(mess, end, OPTION_T2, 4, ((unsigned int)(lease->expires - now)) - time/8);
+	      if (in_list(req_options, OPTION_LAST_TRANSACTION) && (lease->expires - now) < time)
+		option_put(mess, end, OPTION_LAST_TRANSACTION, 4, time - ((unsigned int)(lease->expires - now)));
+	    }
+	  
+	  if (lease->vendorclass)
+	    {
+	      memcpy(daemon->dhcp_buff3, lease->vendorclass, lease->vendorclass_len);
+	      vendor_class_len = lease->vendorclass_len;
+	    }
+	  
+	  subnet_addr.s_addr = 0;
+	  do_options(context, mess, end, req_options, lease->hostname, get_domain(lease->addr), netid, subnet_addr,
+		     0, 0, -1, NULL, vendor_class_len, now, 0xffffffff, 0, NULL, 1);
+	  
+	  /* Does this have to be last for leasequery replies also? RFC 4388 is silent on the subject. */
+	  if (lease->agent_id && in_list(req_options, OPTION_AGENT_ID) &&
+	      (p = free_space(mess, end, OPTION_AGENT_ID, lease->agent_id_len)))
+	    memcpy(p, lease->agent_id, lease->agent_id_len);
+	}
+      
+      return dhcp_packet_size(mess, NULL, real_end);
+            
    case DHCPDECLINE:
      if (!(opt = option_find(mess, sz, OPTION_SERVER_IDENTIFIER, INADDRSZ)) ||
 	  option_addr(opt).s_addr != server_id(context, override, fallback).s_addr)
@@ -1197,7 +1384,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
      option_put(mess, end, OPTION_LEASE_TIME, 4, time);
      /* T1 and T2 are required in DHCPOFFER by HP's wacky Jetdirect client. */
      do_options(context, mess, end, req_options, offer_hostname, get_domain(mess->yiaddr), 
-		 netid, subnet_addr, fqdn_flags, borken_opt, pxearch, uuid, vendor_class_len, now, time, fuzz, pxevendor);
+		 netid, subnet_addr, fqdn_flags, borken_opt, pxearch, uuid, vendor_class_len, now, time, fuzz, pxevendor, 0);
      
      return dhcp_packet_size(mess, agent_id, real_end);
 	
@@ -1345,7 +1532,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	  else if (!lease && (ltmp = lease_find_by_addr(mess->yiaddr)))
 	    {
 	      /* If a host is configured with more than one MAC address, it's OK to 'nix 
-		 a lease from one of it's MACs to give the address to another. */
+		 a lease from one of its MACs to give the address to another. */
 	      if (config && config_has_mac(config, ltmp->hwaddr, ltmp->hwaddr_len, ltmp->hwaddr_type))
 		{
 		  inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ltmp->addr, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
@@ -1528,7 +1715,21 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	  
 	  lease_set_expires(lease, time, now);
 	  lease_set_interface(lease, int_index, now);
-
+	  
+	  if (option_bool(OPT_LEASEQUERY))
+	    {
+	      if (agent_id)
+		lease_set_agent_id(lease, option_ptr(agent_id, 0), option_len(agent_id));
+	      if (vendor_class_len != 0)
+		lease_set_vendorclass(lease, (unsigned char *)daemon->dhcp_buff3, vendor_class_len);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* if leasequery no longer enabled, remove stuff that may have been stored when it was. */
+	      lease_set_agent_id(lease, NULL, 0);
+	      lease_set_vendorclass(lease, NULL, 0);
+	    }
+	  
 	  if (override.s_addr != 0)
 	    lease->override = override;
 	  else
@@ -1544,7 +1745,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	  if (rapid_commit)
 	     option_put(mess, end, OPTION_RAPID_COMMIT, 0, 0);
 	   do_options(context, mess, end, req_options, hostname, get_domain(mess->yiaddr), 
-		     netid, subnet_addr, fqdn_flags, borken_opt, pxearch, uuid, vendor_class_len, now, time, fuzz, pxevendor);
+		      netid, subnet_addr, fqdn_flags, borken_opt, pxearch, uuid, vendor_class_len, now, time, fuzz, pxevendor, 0);
 	}

      return dhcp_packet_size(mess, agent_id, real_end); 
@@ -1611,7 +1812,7 @@ size_t dhcp_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, char *iface_name, int int_index,
 	}

      do_options(context, mess, end, req_options, hostname, get_domain(mess->ciaddr),
-		 netid, subnet_addr, fqdn_flags, borken_opt, pxearch, uuid, vendor_class_len, now, 0xffffffff, 0, pxevendor);
+		 netid, subnet_addr, fqdn_flags, borken_opt, pxearch, uuid, vendor_class_len, now, 0xffffffff, 0, pxevendor, 0);
      
      *is_inform = 1; /* handle reply differently */
      return dhcp_packet_size(mess, agent_id, real_end); 
@@ -1720,29 +1921,33 @@ static void log_packet(char *type, void *addr, unsigned char *ext_mac,
  if (!err && !option_bool(OPT_LOG_OPTS) && option_bool(OPT_QUIET_DHCP))
    return;
  
-  daemon->addrbuff[0] = 0;
+  daemon->addrbuff[0] = daemon->namebuff[0] = 0;
+  
  if (addr)
    inet_ntop(AF_INET, addr, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
  
-  print_mac(daemon->namebuff, ext_mac, mac_len);
+  if (ext_mac)
+    print_mac(daemon->namebuff, ext_mac, mac_len);
  
  if (option_bool(OPT_LOG_OPTS))
-    my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, "%u %s(%s) %s%s%s %s%s",
+    my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, "%u %s(%s) %s%s%s%s%s%s",
 	      ntohl(xid), 
 	      type,
 	      interface, 
 	      daemon->addrbuff,
 	      addr ? " " : "",
 	      daemon->namebuff,
+	      ext_mac ? " " : "",
 	      string ? string : "",
 	      err ? err : "");
  else
-    my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, "%s(%s) %s%s%s %s%s",
+    my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, "%s(%s) %s%s%s%s%s%s",
 	      type,
 	      interface, 
 	      daemon->addrbuff,
 	      addr ? " " : "",
 	      daemon->namebuff,
+	      ext_mac ? " " : "",
 	      string ? string : "",
 	      err ? err : "");
  
@@ -2412,7 +2617,8 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
 		       time_t now,
 		       unsigned int lease_time,
 		       unsigned short fuzz,
-		       const char *pxevendor)
+		       const char *pxevendor,
+		       int leasequery)
 {
  struct dhcp_opt *opt, *config_opts = daemon->dhcp_opts;
  struct dhcp_boot *boot;
@@ -2450,70 +2656,73 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
 	}
    }
      
-  for (id_list = daemon->force_broadcast; id_list; id_list = id_list->next)
-    if ((!id_list->list) || match_netid(id_list->list, netid, 0))
-      break;
-  if (id_list)
-    mess->flags |= htons(0x8000); /* force broadcast */
-  
-  if (context)
-    mess->siaddr = context->local;
-  
-  /* See if we can send the boot stuff as options.
-     To do this we need a requested option list, BOOTP
-     and very old DHCP clients won't have this, we also 
-     provide a manual option to disable it.
-     Some PXE ROMs have bugs (surprise!) and need zero-terminated 
-     names, so we always send those.  */
-  if ((boot = find_boot(tagif)))
+  if (!leasequery)
    {
-      if (boot->sname)
-	{	  
-	  if (!option_bool(OPT_NO_OVERRIDE) &&
-	      req_options && 
-	      in_list(req_options, OPTION_SNAME))
-	    option_put_string(mess, end, OPTION_SNAME, boot->sname, 1);
-	  else
-	    safe_strncpy((char *)mess->sname, boot->sname, sizeof(mess->sname));
-	}
+      for (id_list = daemon->force_broadcast; id_list; id_list = id_list->next)
+	if ((!id_list->list) || match_netid(id_list->list, netid, 0))
+	  break;
+      if (id_list)
+	mess->flags |= htons(0x8000); /* force broadcast */
      
-      if (boot->file)
+      if (context)
+	mess->siaddr = context->local;
+     
+      /* See if we can send the boot stuff as options.
+	 To do this we need a requested option list, BOOTP
+	 and very old DHCP clients won't have this, we also 
+	 provide a manual option to disable it.
+	 Some PXE ROMs have bugs (surprise!) and need zero-terminated 
+	 names, so we always send those.  */
+      if ((boot = find_boot(tagif)))
 	{
-	  if (!option_bool(OPT_NO_OVERRIDE) &&
-	      req_options && 
-	      in_list(req_options, OPTION_FILENAME))
-	    option_put_string(mess, end, OPTION_FILENAME, boot->file, 1);
-	  else
-	    safe_strncpy((char *)mess->file, boot->file, sizeof(mess->file));
+	  if (boot->sname)
+	    {	  
+	      if (!option_bool(OPT_NO_OVERRIDE) &&
+		  req_options && 
+		  in_list(req_options, OPTION_SNAME))
+		option_put_string(mess, end, OPTION_SNAME, boot->sname, 1);
+	      else
+		safe_strncpy((char *)mess->sname, boot->sname, sizeof(mess->sname));
+	    }
+	  
+	  if (boot->file)
+	    {
+	      if (!option_bool(OPT_NO_OVERRIDE) &&
+		  req_options && 
+		  in_list(req_options, OPTION_FILENAME))
+		option_put_string(mess, end, OPTION_FILENAME, boot->file, 1);
+	      else
+		safe_strncpy((char *)mess->file, boot->file, sizeof(mess->file));
+	    }
+	  
+	  if (boot->next_server.s_addr) 
+	    mess->siaddr = boot->next_server;
+	  else if (boot->tftp_sname)
+	    mess->siaddr = a_record_from_hosts(boot->tftp_sname, now);
 	}
-      
-      if (boot->next_server.s_addr) 
-	mess->siaddr = boot->next_server;
-      else if (boot->tftp_sname)
-	mess->siaddr = a_record_from_hosts(boot->tftp_sname, now);
-    }
-  else
-    /* Use the values of the relevant options if no dhcp-boot given and
-       they're not explicitly asked for as options. OPTION_END is used
-       as an internal way to specify siaddr without using dhcp-boot, for use in
-       dhcp-optsfile. */
-    {
-      if ((!req_options || !in_list(req_options, OPTION_FILENAME)) &&
-	  (opt = option_find2(OPTION_FILENAME)) && !(opt->flags & DHOPT_FORCE))
+      else
+	/* Use the values of the relevant options if no dhcp-boot given and
+	   they're not explicitly asked for as options. OPTION_END is used
+	   as an internal way to specify siaddr without using dhcp-boot, for use in
+	   dhcp-optsfile. */
 	{
-	  safe_strncpy((char *)mess->file, (char *)opt->val, sizeof(mess->file));
-	  done_file = 1;
+	  if ((!req_options || !in_list(req_options, OPTION_FILENAME)) &&
+	      (opt = option_find2(OPTION_FILENAME)) && !(opt->flags & DHOPT_FORCE))
+	    {
+	      safe_strncpy((char *)mess->file, (char *)opt->val, sizeof(mess->file));
+	      done_file = 1;
+	    }
+	  
+	  if ((!req_options || !in_list(req_options, OPTION_SNAME)) &&
+	      (opt = option_find2(OPTION_SNAME)) && !(opt->flags & DHOPT_FORCE))
+	    {
+	      safe_strncpy((char *)mess->sname, (char *)opt->val, sizeof(mess->sname));
+	      done_server = 1;
+	    }
+	  
+	  if ((opt = option_find2(OPTION_END)))
+	    mess->siaddr.s_addr = ((struct in_addr *)opt->val)->s_addr;	
 	}
-      
-      if ((!req_options || !in_list(req_options, OPTION_SNAME)) &&
-	  (opt = option_find2(OPTION_SNAME)) && !(opt->flags & DHOPT_FORCE))
-	{
-	  safe_strncpy((char *)mess->sname, (char *)opt->val, sizeof(mess->sname));
-	  done_server = 1;
-	}
-      
-      if ((opt = option_find2(OPTION_END)))
-	mess->siaddr.s_addr = ((struct in_addr *)opt->val)->s_addr;	
    }
        
  /* We don't want to do option-overload for BOOTP, so make the file and sname
@@ -2534,7 +2743,7 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
    end -= 3;

  /* rfc3011 says this doesn't need to be in the requested options list. */
-  if (subnet_addr.s_addr)
+  if (!leasequery && subnet_addr.s_addr)
    option_put(mess, end, OPTION_SUBNET_SELECT, INADDRSZ, ntohl(subnet_addr.s_addr));
   
  if (lease_time != 0xffffffff)
@@ -2575,14 +2784,17 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
  /* replies to DHCPINFORM may not have a valid context */
  if (context)
    {
-      if (!option_find2(OPTION_NETMASK))
+      /* Netmask and broadcast always sent, except leasequery. */
+      if (!option_find2(OPTION_NETMASK) &&
+	  (!leasequery || in_list(req_options, OPTION_NETMASK)))
 	option_put(mess, end, OPTION_NETMASK, INADDRSZ, ntohl(context->netmask.s_addr));
-  
+      
      /* May not have a "guessed" broadcast address if we got no packets via a relay
 	 from this net yet (ie just unicast renewals after a restart */
      if (context->broadcast.s_addr &&
-	  !option_find2(OPTION_BROADCAST))
-	option_put(mess, end, OPTION_BROADCAST, INADDRSZ, ntohl(context->broadcast.s_addr));
+	  !option_find2(OPTION_BROADCAST) &&
+	  (!leasequery || in_list(req_options, OPTION_BROADCAST)))
+    	option_put(mess, end, OPTION_BROADCAST, INADDRSZ, ntohl(context->broadcast.s_addr));
      
      /* Same comments as broadcast apply, and also may not be able to get a sensible
 	 default when using subnet select.  User must configure by steam in that case. */
@@ -2663,7 +2875,7 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
 	continue;
      
      /* was it asked for, or are we sending it anyway? */
-      if (!(opt->flags & DHOPT_FORCE) && !in_list(req_options, optno))
+      if ((!(opt->flags & DHOPT_FORCE) || leasequery) && !in_list(req_options, optno))
 	continue;
      
      /* prohibit some used-internally options. T1 and T2 already handled. */
@@ -2721,7 +2933,7 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
  handle_encap(mess, end, req_options, null_term, tagif, pxe_arch != 1);
  
  force_encap = prune_vendor_opts(tagif);
-  
+    
  if (context && pxe_arch != -1)
    {
      pxe_misc(mess, end, uuid, pxevendor);
@@ -2729,8 +2941,8 @@ static void do_options(struct dhcp_context *context,
 	config_opts = pxe_opts(pxe_arch, tagif, context->local, now);
    }

-  if ((force_encap || in_list(req_options, OPTION_VENDOR_CLASS_OPT)) &&
-      do_encap_opts(config_opts, OPTION_VENDOR_CLASS_OPT, DHOPT_VENDOR_MATCH, mess, end, null_term) && 
+  if ((force_encap || in_list(req_options, OPTION_VENDOR_CLASS_OPT) || in_list(req_options, OPTION_VENDOR_ID)) &&
+      (leasequery || do_encap_opts(config_opts, OPTION_VENDOR_CLASS_OPT, DHOPT_VENDOR_MATCH, mess, end, null_term)) && 
      pxe_arch == -1 && !done_vendor_class && vendor_class_len != 0 &&
      (p = free_space(mess, end, OPTION_VENDOR_ID, vendor_class_len)))
    /* If we send vendor encapsulated options, and haven't already sent option 60,
@@ -2843,4 +3055,211 @@ static void apply_delay(u32 xid, time_t recvtime, struct dhcp_netid *netid)
    }
 }

+void relay_upstream4(struct in_addr iface_addr, int iface_index, struct dhcp_packet *mess, size_t sz, int unicast)
+{
+  struct in_addr giaddr = mess->giaddr;
+  u8 hops = mess->hops;
+  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
+  size_t orig_sz = sz;
+  unsigned char *endopt = NULL;
+    
+  if (mess->op != BOOTREQUEST || (mess->hops++) > 20)
+    return;
+  
+  for (relay = daemon->relay4; relay; relay = relay->next)
+    {
+      union mysockaddr to;
+      union all_addr from;
+      struct ifreq ifr;
+
+      /* restore orig packet */
+      mess->giaddr = giaddr;
+      if (endopt)
+	*endopt = OPTION_END;
+      sz = orig_sz;
+
+      if (relay->interface)
+	{
+	  safe_strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, relay->interface, IF_NAMESIZE);
+	  ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET;
+	}
+      
+      if (!relay->split_mode && relay->iface_index && relay->iface_index == iface_index)
+	{
+	  /* already gatewayed ? */
+	  if (giaddr.s_addr)
+	    {
+	      /* if so check if by us, to stomp on loops. */
+	      if (giaddr.s_addr == relay->local.addr4.s_addr)
+		continue;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    /* plug in our address */
+	    mess->giaddr = relay->local.addr4;
+	  
+	  from.addr4 = relay->local.addr4;
+	}
+      else if (relay->split_mode && relay->local.addr4.s_addr == iface_addr.s_addr)
+	{
+	  /* Split mode. We put our address on the server-facing interface
+	     or a directly specified third address into giaddr for the server to talk back to us on.
+	     
+	     Our address on client-facing interface goes into agent-id subnet-selector subopt,
+	     so that the server allocates the correct address. We also send a
+	     remote-id with the interface on which the request arrived,
+	     so that we can send the reply back the same way. */
+	  unsigned int net_index = htonl(iface_index);
+	  
+	  if (relay->interface)
+	    {
+	      /* get our address on the server-facing interface. */
+	      if (ioctl(daemon->dhcpfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1)
+		{
+		  my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_ERR, _("Cannot send to server via interface %s: %s"), relay->interface, strerror(errno));
+		  continue;
+		}
+	      
+	      relay->uplink.addr4 = ((struct sockaddr_in *) &ifr.ifr_addr)->sin_addr;
+	    }
+	  
+	  /* already gatewayed ? */
+	  if (giaddr.s_addr)
+	    {
+	      /* if so check if by us, to stomp on loops. */
+	      if (giaddr.s_addr == relay->uplink.addr4.s_addr)
+		continue;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* giaddr is our address on the outgoing interface in split mode. */
+	      mess->giaddr = relay->uplink.addr4;
+	      
+	      if (!endopt)
+		{
+		  /* Add an RFC3026 relay agent information option (2 bytes) at the very end of the options.
+		     Said option to contain a RFC 3527 link selection sub option (6 bytes) and
+		     RFC 5017 serverid-override option (6 bytes) and RFC5010 flags (3 bytes) and
+		     an RFC3046 remote-id which holds an interface index (6 bytes)
+		     
+		     New END option is a 24th byte, so we need 24 bytes free.
+		     We only need to do this once, and poke the address/interface/flags into the same place each time. */
+		  
+		  if (!(endopt = option_find1((&mess->options[0] + sizeof(u32)), ((unsigned char *)mess) + sz, OPTION_END, 0)) ||
+		      (endopt + 24 > (unsigned char *)(mess + 1)))
+		    continue;
+		  
+		  endopt[1] = 21; /* length */
+		  endopt[2] = SUBOPT_SUBNET_SELECT;
+		  endopt[3] = 4; /* length */
+		  endopt[8] = SUBOPT_SERVER_OR;
+		  endopt[9] = 4;
+		  endopt[14] = SUBOPT_FLAGS;
+		  endopt[15] = 1; /* length */
+		  endopt[17] = SUBOPT_REMOTE_ID;
+		  endopt[18] = 4; /* length */
+		  endopt[23] = OPTION_END;
+		  sz = (endopt - (unsigned char *)mess) + 24;
+		}
+	      
+	      /* IP address is already in network byte order */
+	      memcpy(&endopt[4], &relay->local.addr4.s_addr, INADDRSZ);
+	      memcpy(&endopt[10], &relay->local.addr4.s_addr, INADDRSZ);
+	      endopt[16] = unicast ? 0x80 : 0x00;
+	      memcpy(&endopt[19], &net_index, 4);
+	      endopt[0] = OPTION_AGENT_ID;
+	    }
+	  
+	  from.addr4 = relay->uplink.addr4;
+	}
+      else
+	continue;
+	
+      to.sa.sa_family = AF_INET;
+      to.in.sin_addr = relay->server.addr4;
+      to.in.sin_port = htons(relay->port);
+#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN
+      to.in.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+#endif
+      
+      /* Broadcasting to server. */
+      if (relay->server.addr4.s_addr == 0)
+	{
+	  if (ioctl(daemon->dhcpfd, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, &ifr) == -1)
+	    {
+	      my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_ERR, _("Cannot broadcast DHCP relay via interface %s: %s"), relay->interface, strerror(errno));
+	      continue;
+	    }
+	  
+	  to.in.sin_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *) &ifr.ifr_addr)->sin_addr;
+	}
+      
+#ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
+      {
+	union mysockaddr fromsock;
+	fromsock.in.sin_port = htons(daemon->dhcp_server_port);
+	fromsock.in.sin_addr = from.addr4;
+	fromsock.sa.sa_family = AF_INET;
+	
+	dump_packet_udp(DUMP_DHCP, (void *)mess, sz, &fromsock, &to, -1);
+      }
+#endif
+      
+      send_from(daemon->dhcpfd, 0, (char *)mess, sz, &to, &from, 0);
+      
+      if (option_bool(OPT_LOG_OPTS))
+	{
+	  inet_ntop(AF_INET, &relay->local, daemon->addrbuff, ADDRSTRLEN);
+	  if (relay->server.addr4.s_addr == 0)
+	    snprintf(daemon->dhcp_buff2, DHCP_BUFF_SZ, _("broadcast via %s"), relay->interface);
+	  else
+	    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &relay->server.addr4, daemon->dhcp_buff2, DHCP_BUFF_SZ);
+	  my_syslog(MS_DHCP | LOG_INFO, _("DHCP relay at %s -> %s"), daemon->addrbuff, daemon->dhcp_buff2);
+	}
+    }
+  
+  /* restore in case of a local reply. */
+  mess->hops = hops;
+  mess->giaddr = giaddr;
+  if (endopt)
+    *endopt = OPTION_END;
+}
+
+unsigned int relay_reply4(struct dhcp_packet *mess, size_t sz, char *arrival_interface)
+{
+  struct dhcp_relay *relay;
+    
+  if (mess->giaddr.s_addr == 0 || mess->op != BOOTREPLY)
+    return 0;
+
+  for (relay = daemon->relay4; relay; relay = relay->next)
+    {
+      unsigned int return_iface = 0;
+
+      if (relay->split_mode)
+	{
+	  unsigned char *opt, *sopt;
+	  
+	  /* giaddr is our address on the returning interface in split mode. */
+	  if (mess->giaddr.s_addr == relay->uplink.addr4.s_addr &&
+	      (opt = option_find(mess, sz, OPTION_AGENT_ID, 1)))
+	    {
+	      if ((sopt = option_find1(option_ptr(opt, 0), option_ptr(opt, option_len(opt)), SUBOPT_REMOTE_ID, sizeof(unsigned int))))
+		return_iface = option_uint(sopt, 0, sizeof(unsigned int));
+
+	      /* delete agent info before return RFC 3046 para 2.1 */
+	      *opt = OPTION_END;
+	      memset(opt + 1, 0, option_len(opt) + 2);
+	    }
+	}
+      else if (mess->giaddr.s_addr == relay->local.addr4.s_addr)
+	return_iface = relay->iface_index;
+      
+      if (return_iface && (!relay->interface || wildcard_match(relay->interface, arrival_interface)))
+	return return_iface;
+    }
+  
+  return 0;	 
+}     
+
+
 #endif /* HAVE_DHCP */
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ struct state {
 };

 static int dhcp6_maybe_relay(struct state *state, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t sz, 
-			     struct in6_addr *client_addr, int is_unicast, time_t now);
-static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t sz, int is_unicast, time_t now);
+			     struct in6_addr *client_addr, time_t now);
+static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t sz, time_t now);
 static void log6_opts(int nest, unsigned int xid, void *start_opts, void *end_opts);
 static void log6_packet(struct state *state, char *type, struct in6_addr *addr, char *string);
 static void log6_quiet(struct state *state, char *type, struct in6_addr *addr, char *string);
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static void calculate_times(struct dhcp_context *context, unsigned int *min_time
 #define opt6_user_vendor_next(opt, end) (opt6_next(((uint8_t *) opt) - 2, end))
 

-unsigned short dhcp6_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, int interface, char *iface_name,
+unsigned short dhcp6_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, int multicast_dest, int interface, char *iface_name,
 			   struct in6_addr *fallback,  struct in6_addr *ll_addr, struct in6_addr *ula_addr,
 			   size_t sz, struct in6_addr *client_addr, time_t now)
 {
@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ unsigned short dhcp6_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, int interface, char *if
    return 0;
  
  msg_type = *((unsigned char *)daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base);
+
+  /* request from a client must be multicast RFC-9915 section 16 */
+  if (msg_type != DHCP6RELAYFORW && !multicast_dest)
+    return 0;
  
  /* Mark these so we only match each at most once, to avoid tangled linked lists */
  for (vendor = daemon->dhcp_vendors; vendor; vendor = vendor->next)
@@ -96,8 +100,7 @@ unsigned short dhcp6_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, int interface, char *if
  state.tags = NULL;
  state.link_address = NULL;

-  if (dhcp6_maybe_relay(&state, daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base, sz, client_addr, 
-			IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(client_addr), now))
+  if (dhcp6_maybe_relay(&state, daemon->dhcp_packet.iov_base, sz, client_addr, now))
    return msg_type == DHCP6RELAYFORW ? DHCPV6_SERVER_PORT : DHCPV6_CLIENT_PORT;

  return 0;
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ unsigned short dhcp6_reply(struct dhcp_context *context, int interface, char *if

 /* This cost me blood to write, it will probably cost you blood to understand - srk. */
 static int dhcp6_maybe_relay(struct state *state, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t sz, 
-			     struct in6_addr *client_addr, int is_unicast, time_t now)
+			     struct in6_addr *client_addr, time_t now)
 {
  uint8_t *end = inbuff + sz;
  uint8_t *opts = inbuff + 34;
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ static int dhcp6_maybe_relay(struct state *state, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t
 	  return 0;
 	}

-      return dhcp6_no_relay(state, msg_type, inbuff, sz, is_unicast, now);
+      return dhcp6_no_relay(state, msg_type, inbuff, sz, now);
    }

  /* must have at least msg_type+hopcount+link_address+peer_address+minimal size option
@@ -244,10 +247,12 @@ static int dhcp6_maybe_relay(struct state *state, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t
 	      struct in6_addr align;
 	      /* the packet data is unaligned, copy to aligned storage */
 	      memcpy(&align, inbuff + 2, IN6ADDRSZ); 
-	      state->link_address = &align;
-	      /* zero is_unicast since that is now known to refer to the 
-		 relayed packet, not the original sent by the client */
-	      if (!dhcp6_maybe_relay(state, opt6_ptr(opt, 0), opt6_len(opt), client_addr, 0, now))
+
+
+	      /* RFC6221 para 4 */
+	      if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&align))
+		state->link_address = &align;
+	      if (!dhcp6_maybe_relay(state, opt6_ptr(opt, 0), opt6_len(opt), client_addr, now))
 		return 0;
 	    }
 	  else
@@ -259,7 +264,7 @@ static int dhcp6_maybe_relay(struct state *state, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t
  return 1;
 }

-static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t sz, int is_unicast, time_t now)
+static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbuff, size_t sz, time_t now)
 {
  void *opt;
  int i, o, o1, start_opts, start_msg;
@@ -333,18 +338,17 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu
  else if (msg_type != DHCP6IREQ)
    return 0;

-  /* server-id must match except for SOLICIT, CONFIRM and REBIND messages, which MUST NOT
-     have a server-id.  3315 para 15.x */
  opt = opt6_find(state->packet_options, state->end, OPTION6_SERVER_ID, 1);
-
+  
  if (msg_type == DHCP6SOLICIT || msg_type == DHCP6CONFIRM || msg_type == DHCP6REBIND)
    {
-      if (opt)
+      /* SOLICIT, CONFIRM and REBIND messages MUST NOT have a server-id.  3315 para 15.x */
+      if (opt) 
 	return 0;
    }
  else if (msg_type == DHCP6IREQ)
    {
-      /* If server-id provided, it must match. */
+      /* If server-id provided in IREQ, it must match. */
      if (opt && (opt6_len(opt) != daemon->duid_len ||
 		  memcmp(opt6_ptr(opt, 0), daemon->duid, daemon->duid_len) != 0))
 	return 0;
@@ -361,18 +365,6 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu
  put_opt6(daemon->duid, daemon->duid_len);
  end_opt6(o);

-  if (is_unicast &&
-      (msg_type == DHCP6REQUEST || msg_type == DHCP6RENEW || msg_type == DHCP6RELEASE || msg_type == DHCP6DECLINE))
-    
-    {  
-      outmsgtype = DHCP6REPLY;
-      o1 = new_opt6(OPTION6_STATUS_CODE);
-      put_opt6_short(DHCP6USEMULTI);
-      put_opt6_string("Use multicast");
-      end_opt6(o1);
-      goto done;
-    }
-
  /* match vendor and user class options */
  for (vendor = daemon->dhcp_vendors; vendor; vendor = vendor->next)
    {
@@ -634,7 +626,7 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu
      
    case DHCP6SOLICIT:
      {
-      	int address_assigned = 0;
+      	int address_assigned;
 	/* tags without all prefix-class tags */
 	struct dhcp_netid *solicit_tags;
 	struct dhcp_context *c;
@@ -653,6 +645,7 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu

      request_no_address:
 	solicit_tags = tagif;
+	address_assigned = 0;
 	
 	if (ignore)
 	  return 0;
@@ -764,15 +757,6 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu
 	    
 	    if (address_assigned != 1)
 	      {
-		/* If the server will not assign any addresses to any IAs in a
-		   subsequent Request from the client, the server MUST send an Advertise
-		   message to the client that doesn't include any IA options. */
-		if (!state->lease_allocate)
-		  {
-		    save_counter(o);
-		    continue;
-		  }
-		
 		/* If the server cannot assign any addresses to an IA in the message
 		   from the client, the server MUST include the IA in the Reply message
 		   with no addresses in the IA and a Status Code option in the IA
@@ -799,7 +783,6 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu
 	    o = new_opt6(OPTION6_PREFERENCE);
 	    put_opt6_char(option_bool(OPT_AUTHORITATIVE) ? 255 : 0);
 	    end_opt6(o);
-	    tagif = add_options(state, 0);
 	  }
 	else
 	  { 
@@ -819,7 +802,8 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu
 		  break;
 		}
 	  }
-
+	
+	tagif = add_options(state, 0);
 	break;
      }
      
@@ -977,8 +961,10 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu
 		  {
 		    if (msg_type == DHCP6REBIND)
 		      {
-			/* When rebinding, we can create a lease if it doesn't exist. */
-			lease = lease6_allocate(&req_addr, state->ia_type == OPTION6_IA_NA ? LEASE_NA : LEASE_TA);
+			/* When rebinding, we can create a lease if it doesn't exist, as long
+			   as --dhcp-authoritative is set. */
+			if (option_bool(OPT_AUTHORITATIVE))
+			  lease = lease6_allocate(&req_addr, state->ia_type == OPTION6_IA_NA ? LEASE_NA : LEASE_TA);
 			if (lease)
 			  lease_set_iaid(lease, state->iaid);
 			else
@@ -1301,7 +1287,6 @@ static int dhcp6_no_relay(struct state *state, int msg_type, unsigned char *inbu

  log_tags(tagif, state->xid);

- done:
  /* Fill in the message type. Note that we store the offset,
     not a direct pointer, since the packet memory may have been 
     reallocated. */
@@ -1593,9 +1578,14 @@ static void get_context_tag(struct state *state, struct dhcp_context *context)

 static int check_ia(struct state *state, void *opt, void **endp, void **ia_option)
 {
-  state->ia_type = opt6_type(opt);
  *ia_option = NULL;

+  /* must be a minimal option to check without stepping outside received packet. */
+  if (opt6_ptr(opt, 4) > state->end)
+    return 0;
+  
+  state->ia_type = opt6_type(opt);
+  
  if (state->ia_type != OPTION6_IA_NA && state->ia_type != OPTION6_IA_TA)
    return 0;
  
@@ -1605,7 +1595,10 @@ static int check_ia(struct state *state, void *opt, void **endp, void **ia_optio
  if (state->ia_type == OPTION6_IA_TA && opt6_len(opt) < 4)
    return 0;
  
-  *endp = opt6_ptr(opt, opt6_len(opt));
+  /* Check we don't overflow the received packet. */
+  if ((*endp = opt6_ptr(opt, opt6_len(opt))) > state->end)
+    return 0;
+  
  state->iaid = opt6_uint(opt, 0, 4);
  *ia_option = opt6_find(opt6_ptr(opt, state->ia_type == OPTION6_IA_NA ? 12 : 4), *endp, OPTION6_IAADDR, 24);

@@ -2276,64 +2269,61 @@ int relay_reply6(struct sockaddr_in6 *peer, ssize_t sz, char *arrival_interface)
    {
      void *opt, *opts = inbuff + 34;
      void *end = inbuff + sz;
-      for (opt = opts; opt; opt = opt6_next(opt, end))
-	if (opt6_type(opt) == OPTION6_RELAY_MSG && opt6_len(opt) > 0)
-	  {
-	    int encap_type = *((unsigned char *)opt6_ptr(opt, 0));
-	    put_opt6(opt6_ptr(opt, 0), opt6_len(opt));
-	    memcpy(&peer->sin6_addr, &inbuff[18], IN6ADDRSZ); 
-	    peer->sin6_scope_id = relay->iface_index;
-
-	    if (encap_type == DHCP6RELAYREPL)
-	      {
-		peer->sin6_port = ntohs(DHCPV6_SERVER_PORT);
-		return 1;
-	      }
-
-	    peer->sin6_port = ntohs(DHCPV6_CLIENT_PORT);
-	    
-#ifdef HAVE_SCRIPT
-	    if (daemon->lease_change_command && encap_type == DHCP6REPLY)
-	      {
-		/* decapsulate relayed message */
-		opts = opt6_ptr(opt, 4);
-		end = opt6_ptr(opt, opt6_len(opt));
-
-		for (opt = opts; opt; opt = opt6_next(opt, end))
-		  if (opt6_type(opt) == OPTION6_IA_PD && opt6_len(opt) > 12) 
-		    {
-		      void *ia_opts = opt6_ptr(opt, 12);
-		      void *ia_end = opt6_ptr(opt, opt6_len(opt));
-		      void *ia_opt;
-		      
-		      for (ia_opt = ia_opts; ia_opt; ia_opt = opt6_next(ia_opt, ia_end))
-			/* valid lifetime must not be zero. */
-			if (opt6_type(ia_opt) == OPTION6_IAPREFIX && opt6_len(ia_opt) >= 25 && opt6_uint(ia_opt, 4, 4) != 0)
-			  {
-			    if (daemon->free_snoops ||
-				(daemon->free_snoops = whine_malloc(sizeof(struct snoop_record))))
-			      {
-				struct snoop_record *snoop = daemon->free_snoops;
-				
-				daemon->free_snoops = snoop->next;
-				snoop->client = peer->sin6_addr;
-				snoop->prefix_len = opt6_uint(ia_opt, 8, 1); 
-				memcpy(&snoop->prefix, opt6_ptr(ia_opt, 9), IN6ADDRSZ); 
-				snoop->next = relay->snoop_records;
-				relay->snoop_records = snoop;
-			      }
-			  }
-		    }
-	      }
-#endif		
-	    return 1;
-	  }
      
+      if ((opt = opt6_find(opts, end, OPTION6_RELAY_MSG, 4)))
+	{
+	  int encap_type = opt6_uint(opt, 0, 1);
+	  put_opt6(opt6_ptr(opt, 0), opt6_len(opt));
+	  memcpy(&peer->sin6_addr, &inbuff[18], IN6ADDRSZ); 
+	  peer->sin6_scope_id = relay->iface_index;
+
+	  if (encap_type == DHCP6RELAYREPL)
+	    {
+	      peer->sin6_port = ntohs(DHCPV6_SERVER_PORT);
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+	  
+	  peer->sin6_port = ntohs(DHCPV6_CLIENT_PORT);
+	  
+#ifdef HAVE_SCRIPT
+	  if (daemon->lease_change_command && encap_type == DHCP6REPLY)
+	    {
+	      /* skip over message type and transaction-id. to get to options. */
+	      opts = opt6_ptr(opt, 4);
+	      end = opt6_ptr(opt, opt6_len(opt));
+
+	      if ((opt = opt6_find(opts, end, OPTION6_IA_PD, 12)))
+		{
+		  opts = opt6_ptr(opt, 12);
+		  end = opt6_ptr(opt, opt6_len(opt));
+		  
+		  for (opt = opt6_find(opts, end, OPTION6_IAPREFIX, 25); opt; opt = opt6_find(opt6_next(opt, end), end, OPTION6_IAPREFIX, 25))
+		    /* valid lifetime must not be zero. */
+		    if (opt6_uint(opt, 4, 4) != 0)
+		      {
+			if (daemon->free_snoops ||
+			    (daemon->free_snoops = whine_malloc(sizeof(struct snoop_record))))
+			  {
+			    struct snoop_record *snoop = daemon->free_snoops;
+			    
+			    daemon->free_snoops = snoop->next;
+			    snoop->client = peer->sin6_addr;
+			    snoop->prefix_len = opt6_uint(opt, 8, 1); 
+			    memcpy(&snoop->prefix, opt6_ptr(opt, 9), IN6ADDRSZ); 
+			    snoop->next = relay->snoop_records;
+			    relay->snoop_records = snoop;
+			  }
+		      }
+		}	      
+	    }
+#endif
+	  return 1;
+	}
    }
  
  return 0;
 }
-
+  
 #ifdef HAVE_SCRIPT
 int do_snoop_script_run(void)
 {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -337,27 +337,6 @@ short *rrfilter_desc(int type)
  return p+1;
 }

-int expand_workspace(unsigned char ***wkspc, int *szp, int new)
-{
-  unsigned char **p;
-  int old = *szp;
-
-  if (old >= new+1)
-    return 1;
-
-  new += 5;
-
-  if (!(p = whine_realloc(*wkspc, new * sizeof(unsigned char *))))
-    return 0;
-
-  memset(p+old, 0, new-old);
-  
-  *wkspc = p;
-  *szp = new;
-
-  return 1;
-}
-
 /* Convert from presentation format to wire format, in place.
   Also map UC -> LC.
   Note that using extract_name to get presentation format
@@ -377,7 +356,7 @@ int expand_workspace(unsigned char ***wkspc, int *szp, int new)
 int to_wire(char *name)
 {
  unsigned char *l, *p, *q, term;
-  int len;
+  unsigned int len;

  for (l = (unsigned char*)name; *l != 0; l = p)
    {
@@ -409,7 +388,7 @@ int to_wire(char *name)
 void from_wire(char *name)
 {
  unsigned char *l, *p, *last;
-  int len;
+  unsigned int len;
  
  for (last = (unsigned char *)name; *last != 0; last += *last+1);
  
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void slaac_add_addrs(struct dhcp_lease *lease, time_t now, int force)
 	else if (lease->clid_len == 9 && 
 		 lease->clid[0] ==  ARPHRD_EUI64 &&
 		 lease->hwaddr_type == ARPHRD_IEEE1394)
-	  /* firewire has EUI-64 identifier as clid */
+	  /* FireWire has EUI-64 identifier as clid */
 	  memcpy(&addr.s6_addr[8], &lease->clid[1], 8);
 #endif
 	else
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@

 #include "dnsmasq.h"

-#if defined(HAVE_IPSET) && defined(HAVE_BSD_NETWORK)
+#if defined(HAVE_BSD_IPSET)

 #include <string.h>

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@

 #ifdef HAVE_TFTP

-static void handle_tftp(time_t now, struct tftp_transfer *transfer, ssize_t len);
-static struct tftp_file *check_tftp_fileperm(ssize_t *len, char *prefix, char *client);
+static void handle_tftp(char *packet, time_t now, struct tftp_transfer *transfer, ssize_t len);
+static struct tftp_file *check_tftp_fileperm(char *packet, ssize_t *len, char *prefix, char *client);
 static void free_transfer(struct tftp_transfer *transfer);
 static ssize_t tftp_err(int err, char *packet, char *message, char *file, char *arg2);
 static ssize_t tftp_err_oops(char *packet, const char *file);
-static ssize_t get_block(char *packet, struct tftp_transfer *transfer);
+static ssize_t get_block(struct tftp_transfer *transfer);
 static char *next(char **p, char *end);
 static void sanitise(char *buf);

@@ -41,11 +41,10 @@ static void sanitise(char *buf);
 #define ERR_ILL    4
 #define ERR_TID    5

-void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)
+static void tftp_request(char *packet, ssize_t plen, struct listener *listen, time_t now)
 {
  ssize_t len;
-  char *packet = daemon->packet;
-  char *filename, *mode, *p, *end, *opt;
+  char *filename, *mode, *p, *end;
  union mysockaddr addr, peer;
  struct msghdr msg;
  struct iovec iov;
@@ -87,12 +86,10 @@ void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)
  msg.msg_iov = &iov;
  msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

+  /* packet buff is DNS name workspace. */
  iov.iov_base = packet;
-  iov.iov_len = daemon->packet_buff_sz;
-
-  /* we overwrote the buffer... */
-  daemon->srv_save = NULL;
-
+  iov.iov_len = plen;
+  
  if ((len = recvmsg(listen->tftpfd, &msg, 0)) < 2)
    return;

@@ -198,11 +195,11 @@ void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)

      name = namebuff;
      
-      addra.addr4 = addr.in.sin_addr;
-
      if (family == AF_INET6)
 	addra.addr6 = addr.in6.sin6_addr;
-
+      else
+	addra.addr4 = addr.in.sin_addr;
+      
      if (daemon->tftp_interfaces)
 	{
 	  /* dedicated tftp interface list */
@@ -267,14 +264,14 @@ void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)
 		}
 	      else
 		{
-		  handle_tftp(now, transfer, len);
+		  handle_tftp(packet, now, transfer, len);
 		  return;
 		}
 	    }
 	}
      
      /* Enforce simultaneous transfer limit. In non-single-port mode
-	 this is doene by not listening on the server socket when
+	 this is done by not listening on the server socket when
 	 too many transfers are in progress. */
      if (!transfer && tftp_cnt >= daemon->tftp_max)
 	return;
@@ -308,7 +305,9 @@ void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)
  /* May reuse struct transfer from abandoned transfer in single port mode. */
  if (!transfer && !(transfer = whine_malloc(sizeof(struct tftp_transfer))))
    return;
-  
+
+  memset(transfer, 0, sizeof(struct tftp_transfer));
+	 
  if (option_bool(OPT_SINGLE_PORT))
    transfer->sockfd = listen->tftpfd;
  else if ((transfer->sockfd = socket(family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1)
@@ -320,15 +319,15 @@ void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)
  transfer->peer = peer;
  transfer->source = addra;
  transfer->if_index = if_index;
-  transfer->timeout = now + 2;
+  transfer->timeout = 2;
+  transfer->start = now;
  transfer->backoff = 1;
  transfer->block = 1;
+  transfer->ackprev = 0;
+  transfer->block_hi = 0;
  transfer->blocksize = 512;
-  transfer->offset = 0;
-  transfer->file = NULL;
-  transfer->opt_blocksize = transfer->opt_transize = 0;
-  transfer->netascii = transfer->carrylf = 0;
- 
+  transfer->windowsize = 1;
+  
  (void)prettyprint_addr(&peer, daemon->addrbuff);
  
  /* if we have a nailed-down range, iterate until we find a free one. */
@@ -361,136 +360,171 @@ void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)
  
  p = packet + 2;
  end = packet + len;
+
+  len = 0;
  
-  if (ntohs(*((unsigned short *)packet)) != OP_RRQ ||
-      !(filename = next(&p, end)) ||
-      !(mode = next(&p, end)) ||
-      (strcasecmp(mode, "octet") != 0 && strcasecmp(mode, "netascii") != 0))
+  if (ntohs(*((unsigned short *)packet)) == OP_WRQ)
+    len = tftp_err(ERR_ILL, packet, _("unsupported write request from %s"),daemon->addrbuff, NULL);
+  else if (ntohs(*((unsigned short *)packet)) == OP_RRQ)
    {
-      len = tftp_err(ERR_ILL, packet, _("unsupported request from %s"), daemon->addrbuff, NULL);
-      is_err = 1;
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      if (strcasecmp(mode, "netascii") == 0)
-	transfer->netascii = 1;
-      
-      while ((opt = next(&p, end)))
+      if (!(filename = next(&p, end)))
+	len = tftp_err(ERR_ILL, packet, _("empty filename in request from %s"), daemon->addrbuff, NULL);
+      else if (!(mode = next(&p, end)) || (strcasecmp(mode, "octet") != 0 && strcasecmp(mode, "netascii") != 0))
+	len = tftp_err(ERR_ILL, packet, _("unsupported request from %s"),daemon->addrbuff, NULL);
+      else
 	{
-	  if (strcasecmp(opt, "blksize") == 0)
+	  char *opt, *arg;
+	  
+	  if (strcasecmp(mode, "netascii") == 0)
+	    transfer->netascii = 1;
+	  
+	  while ((opt = next(&p, end)) && (arg = next(&p, end)))
 	    {
-	      if ((opt = next(&p, end)) && !option_bool(OPT_TFTP_NOBLOCK))
+	      unsigned int val = atoi(arg);
+	      
+	      if (strcasecmp(opt, "blksize") == 0 && !option_bool(OPT_TFTP_NOBLOCK))
 		{
 		  /* 32 bytes for IP, UDP and TFTP headers, 52 bytes for IPv6 */
 		  int overhead = (family == AF_INET) ? 32 : 52;
-		  transfer->blocksize = atoi(opt);
-		  if (transfer->blocksize < 1)
-		    transfer->blocksize = 1;
-		  if (transfer->blocksize > (unsigned)daemon->packet_buff_sz - 4)
-		    transfer->blocksize = (unsigned)daemon->packet_buff_sz - 4;
-		  if (mtu != 0 && transfer->blocksize > (unsigned)mtu - overhead)
-		    transfer->blocksize = (unsigned)mtu - overhead;
+		  if (val < 1)
+		    val  = 1;
+		  if (val > (unsigned)daemon->packet_buff_sz - 4)
+		    val  = (unsigned)daemon->packet_buff_sz - 4;
+		  if (mtu != 0 && val > (unsigned)mtu - overhead)
+		    val  = (unsigned)mtu - overhead;
+		  transfer->blocksize = val;
 		  transfer->opt_blocksize = 1;
 		  transfer->block = 0;
 		}
-	    }
-	  else if (strcasecmp(opt, "tsize") == 0 && next(&p, end) && !transfer->netascii)
-	    {
-	      transfer->opt_transize = 1;
-	      transfer->block = 0;
-	    }
-	}
-
-      /* cope with backslashes from windows boxen. */
-      for (p = filename; *p; p++)
-	if (*p == '\\')
-	  *p = '/';
-	else if (option_bool(OPT_TFTP_LC))
-	  *p = tolower((unsigned char)*p);
-		
-      strcpy(daemon->namebuff, "/");
-      if (prefix)
-	{
-	  if (prefix[0] == '/')
-	    daemon->namebuff[0] = 0;
-	  strncat(daemon->namebuff, prefix, (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
-	  if (prefix[strlen(prefix)-1] != '/')
-	    strncat(daemon->namebuff, "/", (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
-
-	  if (option_bool(OPT_TFTP_APREF_IP))
-	    {
-	      size_t oldlen = strlen(daemon->namebuff);
-	      struct stat statbuf;
-	      
-	      strncat(daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff, (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
-	      strncat(daemon->namebuff, "/", (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
-	      
-	      /* remove unique-directory if it doesn't exist */
-	      if (stat(daemon->namebuff, &statbuf) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
-		daemon->namebuff[oldlen] = 0;
+	      else if (strcasecmp(opt, "tsize") == 0 && !transfer->netascii)
+		{
+		  transfer->opt_transize = 1;
+		  transfer->block = 0;
+		}
+	      else if (strcasecmp(opt, "timeout") == 0)
+		{
+		  if (val > 255)
+		    val = 255;
+		  transfer->timeout = val;
+		  transfer->opt_timeout = 1;
+		  transfer->block = 0;
+		}
+	      else if (strcasecmp(opt, "windowsize") == 0 && !transfer->netascii)
+		{
+		  /* windowsize option only supported for binary transfers. */
+		  if (val < 1)
+		    val = 1;
+		  if (val > TFTP_MAX_WINDOW)
+		    val = TFTP_MAX_WINDOW;
+		  transfer->windowsize = val;
+		  transfer->opt_windowsize = 1;
+		  transfer->block = 0;
+		}
 	    }
 	  
-	  if (option_bool(OPT_TFTP_APREF_MAC))
+	  /* cope with backslashes from windows boxen. */
+	  for (p = filename; *p; p++)
+	    if (*p == '\\')
+	      *p = '/';
+	    else if (option_bool(OPT_TFTP_LC))
+	      *p = tolower((unsigned char)*p);
+	  
+	  strcpy(daemon->namebuff, "/");
+	  if (prefix)
 	    {
-	      unsigned char *macaddr = NULL;
-	      unsigned char macbuf[DHCP_CHADDR_MAX];
+	      if (prefix[0] == '/')
+		daemon->namebuff[0] = 0;
+	      strncat(daemon->namebuff, prefix, (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
+	      if (prefix[strlen(prefix)-1] != '/')
+		strncat(daemon->namebuff, "/", (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
 	      
-#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
-	      if (daemon->dhcp && peer.sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
-	        {
-		  /* Check if the client IP is in our lease database */
-		  struct dhcp_lease *lease = lease_find_by_addr(peer.in.sin_addr);
-		  if (lease && lease->hwaddr_type == ARPHRD_ETHER && lease->hwaddr_len == ETHER_ADDR_LEN)
-		    macaddr = lease->hwaddr;
-		}
-#endif
-	      
-	      /* If no luck, try to find in ARP table. This only works if client is in same (V)LAN */
-	      if (!macaddr && find_mac(&peer, macbuf, 1, now) > 0)
-		macaddr = macbuf;
-	      
-	      if (macaddr)
-	        {
+	      if (option_bool(OPT_TFTP_APREF_IP))
+		{
 		  size_t oldlen = strlen(daemon->namebuff);
 		  struct stat statbuf;
-
-		  snprintf(daemon->namebuff + oldlen, (MAXDNAME-1) - oldlen, "%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x/",
-			   macaddr[0], macaddr[1], macaddr[2], macaddr[3], macaddr[4], macaddr[5]);
+		  
+		  strncat(daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff, (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
+		  strncat(daemon->namebuff, "/", (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
 		  
 		  /* remove unique-directory if it doesn't exist */
 		  if (stat(daemon->namebuff, &statbuf) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
 		    daemon->namebuff[oldlen] = 0;
 		}
+	      
+	      if (option_bool(OPT_TFTP_APREF_MAC))
+		{
+		  unsigned char *macaddr = NULL;
+		  unsigned char macbuf[DHCP_CHADDR_MAX];
+		  
+#ifdef HAVE_DHCP
+		  if (daemon->dhcp && peer.sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
+		    {
+		      /* Check if the client IP is in our lease database */
+		      struct dhcp_lease *lease = lease_find_by_addr(peer.in.sin_addr);
+		      if (lease && lease->hwaddr_type == ARPHRD_ETHER && lease->hwaddr_len == ETHER_ADDR_LEN)
+			macaddr = lease->hwaddr;
+		    }
+#endif
+		  
+		  /* If no luck, try to find in ARP table. This only works if client is in same (V)LAN */
+		  if (!macaddr && find_mac(&peer, macbuf, 1, now) > 0)
+		    macaddr = macbuf;
+		  
+		  if (macaddr)
+		    {
+		      size_t oldlen = strlen(daemon->namebuff);
+		      struct stat statbuf;
+		      
+		      snprintf(daemon->namebuff + oldlen, (MAXDNAME-1) - oldlen, "%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x-%.2x/",
+			       macaddr[0], macaddr[1], macaddr[2], macaddr[3], macaddr[4], macaddr[5]);
+		      
+		      /* remove unique-directory if it doesn't exist */
+		      if (stat(daemon->namebuff, &statbuf) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
+			daemon->namebuff[oldlen] = 0;
+		    }
+		}
+	      
+	      /* Absolute pathnames OK if they match prefix */
+	      if (filename[0] == '/')
+		{
+		  if (strstr(filename, daemon->namebuff) == filename)
+		    daemon->namebuff[0] = 0;
+		  else
+		    filename++;
+		}
 	    }
+	  else if (filename[0] == '/')
+	    daemon->namebuff[0] = 0;
+	  strncat(daemon->namebuff, filename, (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
 	  
-	  /* Absolute pathnames OK if they match prefix */
-	  if (filename[0] == '/')
+	  /* check permissions and open file */
+	  if ((transfer->file = check_tftp_fileperm(packet, &len, prefix, daemon->addrbuff)))
 	    {
-	      if (strstr(filename, daemon->namebuff) == filename)
-		daemon->namebuff[0] = 0;
+	      transfer->lastack = transfer->block;
+	      transfer->retransmit = now + transfer->timeout;
+	      /* This packet is may be the first data packet, but only if windowsize == 1
+		 To get windowsize greater then one requires an option negotiation,
+		 in which case this packet is the OACK. */
+	      if ((len = get_block(transfer)) == -1)
+		len = tftp_err_oops(packet, daemon->namebuff);
 	      else
-		filename++;
+		{
+		  is_err = 0;
+		  /* get_block put the packet to send in a different buffer. */
+		  packet = daemon->packet;
+		}
 	    }
 	}
-      else if (filename[0] == '/')
-	daemon->namebuff[0] = 0;
-      strncat(daemon->namebuff, filename, (MAXDNAME-1) - strlen(daemon->namebuff));
-      
-      /* check permissions and open file */
-      if ((transfer->file = check_tftp_fileperm(&len, prefix, daemon->addrbuff)))
-	{
-	  if ((len = get_block(packet, transfer)) == -1)
-	    len = tftp_err_oops(packet, daemon->namebuff);
-	  else
-	    is_err = 0;
-	}
    }
-
-  send_from(transfer->sockfd, !option_bool(OPT_SINGLE_PORT), packet, len, &peer, &addra, if_index);
-
+  
+  if (len)
+    {
+      send_from(transfer->sockfd, !option_bool(OPT_SINGLE_PORT), packet, len, &peer, &addra, if_index);
+      
 #ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
-  dump_packet_udp(DUMP_TFTP, (void *)packet, len, NULL, (union mysockaddr *)&peer, transfer->sockfd);
+      dump_packet_udp(DUMP_TFTP, (void *)packet, len, NULL, (union mysockaddr *)&peer, transfer->sockfd);
 #endif
+    }
  
  if (is_err)
    free_transfer(transfer);
@@ -501,9 +535,9 @@ void tftp_request(struct listener *listen, time_t now)
    }
 }
 
-static struct tftp_file *check_tftp_fileperm(ssize_t *len, char *prefix, char *client)
+static struct tftp_file *check_tftp_fileperm(char *packet, ssize_t *len, char *prefix, char *client)
 {
-  char *packet = daemon->packet, *namebuff = daemon->namebuff;
+  char *namebuff = daemon->namebuff;
  struct tftp_file *file;
  struct tftp_transfer *t;
  uid_t uid = geteuid();
@@ -566,6 +600,7 @@ static struct tftp_file *check_tftp_fileperm(ssize_t *len, char *prefix, char *c
  file->size = statbuf.st_size;
  file->dev = statbuf.st_dev;
  file->inode = statbuf.st_ino;
+  file->posn = 0;
  file->refcount = 1;
  strcpy(file->filename, namebuff);
  return file;
@@ -585,12 +620,15 @@ static struct tftp_file *check_tftp_fileperm(ssize_t *len, char *prefix, char *c

 void check_tftp_listeners(time_t now)
 {
+  /* Use workspace to receive (small) request/ACK, to avoid overwriting precomputed reply */
+  char *packet = daemon->workspacename;
+  ssize_t plen = MAXDNAME * 2;
  struct listener *listener;
  struct tftp_transfer *transfer, *tmp, **up;
  
  for (listener = daemon->listeners; listener; listener = listener->next)
    if (listener->tftpfd != -1 && poll_check(listener->tftpfd, POLLIN))
-      tftp_request(listener, now);
+      tftp_request(packet, plen, listener, now);
    
  /* In single port mode, all packets come via port 69 and tftp_request() */
  if (!option_bool(OPT_SINGLE_PORT))
@@ -601,22 +639,23 @@ void check_tftp_listeners(time_t now)
 	  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(union mysockaddr);
 	  ssize_t len;
 	  
-	  /* we overwrote the buffer... */
-	  daemon->srv_save = NULL;
-
-	  if ((len = recvfrom(transfer->sockfd, daemon->packet, daemon->packet_buff_sz, 0, &peer.sa, &addr_len)) > 0)
+	  if ((len = recvfrom(transfer->sockfd, packet, plen, 0, &peer.sa, &addr_len)) > 0)
 	    {
+#ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
+	      dump_packet_udp(DUMP_TFTP, (void *)packet, len, (union mysockaddr *)&peer, NULL, transfer->sockfd);
+#endif	      
+
 	      if (sockaddr_isequal(&peer, &transfer->peer)) 
-		handle_tftp(now, transfer, len);
+		handle_tftp(packet, now, transfer, len);
 	      else
 		{
 		  /* Wrong source address. See rfc1350 para 4. */
 		  prettyprint_addr(&peer, daemon->addrbuff);
-		  len = tftp_err(ERR_TID, daemon->packet, _("ignoring packet from %s (TID mismatch)"), daemon->addrbuff, NULL);
-		  while(retry_send(sendto(transfer->sockfd, daemon->packet, len, 0, &peer.sa, sa_len(&peer))));
+		  len = tftp_err(ERR_TID, packet, _("ignoring packet from %s (TID mismatch)"), daemon->addrbuff, NULL);
+		  while(retry_send(sendto(transfer->sockfd, packet, len, 0, &peer.sa, sa_len(&peer))));

 #ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
-		  dump_packet_udp(DUMP_TFTP, (void *)daemon->packet, len, NULL, (union mysockaddr *)&peer, transfer->sockfd);
+		  dump_packet_udp(DUMP_TFTP, (void *)packet, len, NULL, (union mysockaddr *)&peer, transfer->sockfd);
 #endif
 		}
 	    }
@@ -624,35 +663,52 @@ void check_tftp_listeners(time_t now)
 	  
  for (transfer = daemon->tftp_trans, up = &daemon->tftp_trans; transfer; transfer = tmp)
    {
-      tmp = transfer->next;
+      int endcon = 0, error = 0, timeout = 0;
      
-      if (difftime(now, transfer->timeout) >= 0.0)
+      tmp = transfer->next;
+            
+      /* ->start set to zero in handle_tftp() when we recv an error packet. */
+      if (transfer->start == 0)
+	endcon = error = 1;
+      else if (difftime(now, transfer->start) > TFTP_TRANSFER_TIME)  
 	{
-	  int endcon = 0;
+	  endcon = 1;
+	  /* don't complain about timeout when we're awaiting the last
+	     ACK, some clients never send it */
+	  if (get_block(transfer) > 0)
+	    error = timeout = 1;
+	}
+      else if (difftime(now, transfer->retransmit) >= 0.0)
+	{
+	  /* Do transmission or re-transmission. When we get an ACK, the call to handle_tftp()
+	     bumps transfer->lastack and trips the retransmit timer so that we send the next block(s)
+	     here. */
 	  ssize_t len;
-
-	  /* timeout, retransmit */
-	  transfer->timeout += 1 + (1<<(transfer->backoff/2));
-	  	  
-	  /* we overwrote the buffer... */
-	  daemon->srv_save = NULL;
-
-	  if ((len = get_block(daemon->packet, transfer)) == -1)
+	  unsigned int i, winsize;
+	  
+	  transfer->retransmit += transfer->timeout + (1<<(transfer->backoff/2));
+	  transfer->backoff++;
+	  transfer->block = transfer->lastack;
+	  
+	  /* send a window'a worth of blocks unless we're retransmitting OACK */
+	  winsize = transfer->block ? transfer->windowsize : 1;
+	  
+	  for (i = 0; i < winsize; i++, transfer->block++)
 	    {
-	      len = tftp_err_oops(daemon->packet, transfer->file->filename);
-	      endcon = 1;
-	    }
-	  else if (++transfer->backoff > 7)
-	    {
-	      /* don't complain about timeout when we're awaiting the last
-		 ACK, some clients never send it */
-	      if ((unsigned)len == transfer->blocksize + 4)
-		endcon = 1;
-	      len = 0;
-	    }
+	      if ((len = get_block(transfer)) == 0)
+		{
+		  if (i == 0)
+		    endcon = 1; /* got last ACK */

-	  if (len != 0)
-	    {
+		  break;
+		}
+	      
+	      if (len == -1)
+		{
+		  len = tftp_err_oops(daemon->packet, transfer->file->filename);
+		  endcon = error = 1;
+		}
+	      
 	      send_from(transfer->sockfd, !option_bool(OPT_SINGLE_PORT), daemon->packet, len,
 			&transfer->peer, &transfer->source, transfer->if_index);
 #ifdef HAVE_DUMPFILE
@@ -660,51 +716,93 @@ void check_tftp_listeners(time_t now)
 #endif
 	    }
 	  
-	  if (endcon || len == 0)
+	  /* prefetch the block we'll probably need when we get an ACK. */
+	  if (!endcon)
+	    get_block(transfer);
+	}
+		      
+      if (endcon)
+	{
+	  strcpy(daemon->namebuff, transfer->file->filename);
+	  sanitise(daemon->namebuff);
+	  (void)prettyprint_addr(&transfer->peer, daemon->addrbuff);
+	  if (timeout)
+	    my_syslog(MS_TFTP | LOG_ERR, _("timeout sending %s to %s"), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
+	  else if (error)
+	    my_syslog(MS_TFTP | LOG_ERR, _("failed sending %s to %s"), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
+	  else
+	    my_syslog(MS_TFTP | LOG_INFO, _("sent %s to %s"), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
+	  
+	  /* unlink */
+	  *up = tmp;
+	  if (error)
+	    free_transfer(transfer);
+	  else
 	    {
-	      strcpy(daemon->namebuff, transfer->file->filename);
-	      sanitise(daemon->namebuff);
-	      (void)prettyprint_addr(&transfer->peer, daemon->addrbuff);
-	      my_syslog(MS_TFTP | LOG_INFO, endcon ? _("failed sending %s to %s") : _("sent %s to %s"), daemon->namebuff, daemon->addrbuff);
-	      /* unlink */
-	      *up = tmp;
-	      if (endcon)
-		free_transfer(transfer);
-	      else
-		{
-		  /* put on queue to be sent to script and deleted */
-		  transfer->next = daemon->tftp_done_trans;
-		  daemon->tftp_done_trans = transfer;
-		}
-	      continue;
+	      /* put on queue to be sent to script and deleted */
+	      transfer->next = daemon->tftp_done_trans;
+	      daemon->tftp_done_trans = transfer;
 	    }
 	}
-
-      up = &transfer->next;
-    }    
+      else
+	up = &transfer->next;
+    }
 }
-	  
-/* packet in daemon->packet as this is called. */
-static void handle_tftp(time_t now, struct tftp_transfer *transfer, ssize_t len)
+
+static void handle_tftp(char *packet, time_t now, struct tftp_transfer *transfer, ssize_t len)
 {
  struct ack {
    unsigned short op, block;
-  } *mess = (struct ack *)daemon->packet;
+  } *mess = (struct ack *)packet;
  
  if (len >= (ssize_t)sizeof(struct ack))
    {
-      if (ntohs(mess->op) == OP_ACK && ntohs(mess->block) == (unsigned short)transfer->block) 
+      if (ntohs(mess->op) == OP_ACK)
 	{
-	  /* Got ack, ensure we take the (re)transmit path */
-	  transfer->timeout = now;
-	  transfer->backoff = 0;
-	  if (transfer->block++ != 0)
-	    transfer->offset += transfer->blocksize - transfer->expansion;
+	  /* Handle 16-bit block number wrap-around. */
+	  u16 new = ntohs(mess->block);
+	  u32 block;
+
+	  /* If the last ack received was in the top quarter of a 64k block
+	     and this one is in the bottom quarter, assume it has wrapped.
+	     
+	     Since this is UDP and an old packet can in theory wander in we may also
+	     need to drop back to a previous segment. Such an ACK is ignored below;
+	     here we're just getting the most likely 32 bit value from the
+	     16 bits that we have. */
+	  if (new <= 0x4000 && transfer->ackprev >= 0xc000)
+	    transfer->block_hi++;
+	  else if (new >= 0xc000 && transfer->ackprev <= 0x4000 && transfer->block_hi != 0)
+	    transfer->block_hi--;
+
+	  transfer->ackprev = new;
+	  block = (((u32)transfer->block_hi) << 16) + (u32)new;
+
+	  /* Ignore duplicate ACKs and ACKs for blocks we've not yet sent. */
+	  if (block >= transfer->lastack &&
+	      block <= transfer->block) 
+	    {
+	      /* Got ack, move forward and ensure we take the (re)transmit path */
+	      transfer->retransmit = transfer->start = now;
+	      transfer->backoff = 0;
+	      transfer->lastack = block + 1;
+
+	      /* We have no easy function from block no. to file offset when
+		 expanding line breaks in netascii mode, so we update the offset here
+		 as each block is acknowledged. This explains why the window size must be
+		 one for a netascii transfer; to avoid  the block no. doing anything
+		 other than incrementing by one. */
+	      if (transfer->netascii && block != 0)
+		{
+		  transfer->offset +=  (off_t)transfer->blocksize - (off_t)transfer->expansion;
+		  transfer->lastcarrylf = transfer->carrylf;
+		}
+	    }
 	}
      else if (ntohs(mess->op) == OP_ERR)
 	{
-	  char *p = daemon->packet + sizeof(struct ack);
-	  char *end = daemon->packet + len;
+	  char *p = packet + sizeof(struct ack);
+	  char *end = packet + len;
 	  char *err = next(&p, end);
 	  
 	  (void)prettyprint_addr(&transfer->peer, daemon->addrbuff);
@@ -720,8 +818,7 @@ static void handle_tftp(time_t now, struct tftp_transfer *transfer, ssize_t len)
 		    daemon->addrbuff);	
 	  
 	  /* Got err, ensure we take abort */
-	  transfer->timeout = now;
-	  transfer->backoff = 100;
+	  transfer->start = 0;
 	}
    }
 }
@@ -742,26 +839,35 @@ static void free_transfer(struct tftp_transfer *transfer)

 static char *next(char **p, char *end)
 {
-  char *ret = *p;
-  size_t len;
+  char *n, *ret = *p;
+  
+  /* Look for end of string, without running off the end of the packet. */
+  for (n = *p; n < end && *n != 0; n++);

-  if (*(end-1) != 0 || 
-      *p == end ||
-      (len = strlen(ret)) == 0)
+  /* ran off the end or zero length string - failed */
+  if (n == end || n == ret)
    return NULL;
-
-  *p += len + 1;
+  
+  *p = n + 1;
  return ret;
 }

+/* If we don't do anything, don't write the the input/ouptut
+   buffer. This allows us to pass in safe read-only strings constants. */
 static void sanitise(char *buf)
 {
  unsigned char *q, *r;
+
  for (q = r = (unsigned char *)buf; *r; r++)
    if (isprint((int)*r))
-      *(q++) = *r;
-  *q = 0;
-
+      {
+	if (q != r)
+	  *q = *r;
+	q++;
+      }
+  
+  if (q != r)
+    *q = 0;
 }

 #define MAXMESSAGE 500 /* limit to make packet < 512 bytes and definitely smaller than buffer */ 
@@ -772,8 +878,7 @@ static ssize_t tftp_err(int err, char *packet, char *message, char *file, char *
    char message[];
  } *mess = (struct errmess *)packet;
  ssize_t len, ret = 4;
-    
-  memset(packet, 0, daemon->packet_buff_sz);
+
  if (file)
    sanitise(file);
  
@@ -797,10 +902,11 @@ static ssize_t tftp_err_oops(char *packet, const char *file)
 }

 /* return -1 for error, zero for done. */
-static ssize_t get_block(char *packet, struct tftp_transfer *transfer)
+static ssize_t get_block(struct tftp_transfer *transfer)
 {
-  memset(packet, 0, daemon->packet_buff_sz);
-  
+  static off_t saved_offset = 0;
+  static ssize_t saved_len = 0;
+
  if (transfer->block == 0)
    {
      /* send OACK */
@@ -808,8 +914,12 @@ static ssize_t get_block(char *packet, struct tftp_transfer *transfer)
      struct oackmess {
 	unsigned short op;
 	char data[];
-      } *mess = (struct oackmess *)packet;
-      
+      } *mess = (struct oackmess *)daemon->packet;
+
+      /* we overwrote the buffer... */
+      daemon->srv_save = NULL;
+      memset(daemon->packet, 0, daemon->packet_buff_sz);
+            
      p = mess->data;
      mess->op = htons(OP_OACK);
      if (transfer->opt_blocksize)
@@ -822,8 +932,18 @@ static ssize_t get_block(char *packet, struct tftp_transfer *transfer)
 	  p += (sprintf(p,"tsize") + 1);
 	  p += (sprintf(p, "%u", (unsigned int)transfer->file->size) + 1);
 	}
-
-      return p - packet;
+      if (transfer->opt_timeout)
+	{
+	  p += (sprintf(p,"timeout") + 1);
+	  p += (sprintf(p, "%u", transfer->timeout) + 1);
+	}
+      if (transfer->opt_windowsize)
+	{
+	  p += (sprintf(p,"windowsize") + 1);
+	  p += (sprintf(p, "%u", (unsigned int)transfer->windowsize) + 1);
+	}
+ 
+      return p - daemon->packet;
    }
  else
    {
@@ -831,40 +951,58 @@ static ssize_t get_block(char *packet, struct tftp_transfer *transfer)
      struct datamess {
 	unsigned short op, block;
 	unsigned char data[];
-      } *mess = (struct datamess *)packet;
+      } *mess = (struct datamess *)daemon->packet;
      
-      size_t size = transfer->file->size - transfer->offset; 
+      size_t size;
+      
+      if (!transfer->netascii)
+	transfer->offset = (off_t)(transfer->block - 1) * (off_t)transfer->blocksize;
      
      if (transfer->offset > transfer->file->size)
 	return 0; /* finished */
-      
-      if (size > transfer->blocksize)
-	size = transfer->blocksize;
+
+      /* We may have a prefetched block already in the buffer. */
+      if (daemon->srv_save == transfer && saved_offset == transfer->offset)
+	return saved_len;
+	
+      /* we overwrote the buffer... */
+      daemon->srv_save = NULL;
+
+      if ((size = transfer->file->size - transfer->offset) > (size_t)transfer->blocksize)
+	size = (size_t)transfer->blocksize;
      
      mess->op = htons(OP_DATA);
      mess->block = htons((unsigned short)(transfer->block));
-      
-      if (lseek(transfer->file->fd, transfer->offset, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1 ||
-	  !read_write(transfer->file->fd, mess->data, size, RW_READ))
-	return -1;
-      
-      transfer->expansion = 0;
-      
+
+      if (size != 0)
+	{
+	  if (transfer->file->posn != transfer->offset &&
+	      lseek(transfer->file->fd, transfer->offset, SEEK_SET) == (off_t)-1)
+	    return -1;
+
+	  if (!read_write(transfer->file->fd, mess->data, size, RW_READ))
+	    return -1;
+
+	  transfer->file->posn = transfer->offset + size;
+	}
+
      /* Map '\n' to CR-LF in netascii mode */
      if (transfer->netascii)
 	{
 	  size_t i;
-	  int newcarrylf;
-
-	  for (i = 0, newcarrylf = 0; i < size; i++)
-	    if (mess->data[i] == '\n' && ( i != 0 || !transfer->carrylf))
+	  	  
+	  /* Map '\n' to CR-LF in netascii mode */
+	  transfer->expansion = transfer->carrylf = 0;
+	  
+	  for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
+	    if (mess->data[i] == '\n' && (i != 0 || !transfer->lastcarrylf))
 	      {
 		transfer->expansion++;

 		if (size != transfer->blocksize)
 		  size++; /* room in this block */
 		else  if (i == size - 1)
-		  newcarrylf = 1; /* don't expand LF again if it moves to the next block */
+		  transfer->carrylf = 1; /* don't expand LF again if it moves to the next block */
 		  
 		/* make space and insert CR */
 		memmove(&mess->data[i+1], &mess->data[i], size - (i + 1));
@@ -872,11 +1010,13 @@ static ssize_t get_block(char *packet, struct tftp_transfer *transfer)
 		
 		i++;
 	      }
-	  transfer->carrylf = newcarrylf;
-	  
 	}

-      return size + 4;
+      daemon->srv_save = transfer;
+      saved_offset = transfer->offset;
+      saved_len = size + 4;
+
+      return saved_len;
    }
 }

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -213,6 +213,11 @@ static int ubus_handle_set_connmark_allowlist(struct ubus_context *ctx, struct u
  size_t num_patterns = 0;
  struct blob_attr *tb[policy_len];
  struct blob_attr *attr;
+
+  (void)ctx;
+  (void)obj;
+  (void)req;
+  (void)method;
  
  if (blobmsg_parse(policy, policy_len, tb, blob_data(msg), blob_len(msg)))
    return UBUS_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2024 Simon Kelley
+/* dnsmasq is Copyright (c) 2000-2025 Simon Kelley

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #endif

+#ifdef HAVE_BSD_NETWORK
+#include <libgen.h>
+#endif
+
 /* SURF random number generator */

 static u32 seed[32];
@@ -262,6 +266,10 @@ char *canonicalise(char *in, int *nomem)
 	  
 	  return NULL;
 	}
+
+      /* IDN library doesnt call our malloc wrapper, so log this by steam */
+      if (ret)
+	malloc_log(ret, strlen(ret)+1);
      
      return ret;
    }
@@ -319,13 +327,15 @@ void *safe_malloc(size_t size)
 }

 /* Ensure limited size string is always terminated.
- * Can be replaced by (void)strlcpy() on some platforms */
+   Can be replaced by (void)strlcpy() on some platforms.
+   src may be NULL in which case we return an empty string. */
 void safe_strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t size)
 {
  if (size != 0)
    {
-      dest[size-1] = '\0';
-      strncpy(dest, src, size-1);
+      dest[0] = dest[size-1] = '\0';
+      if (src)
+	strncpy(dest, src, size-1);
    }
 }

@@ -337,26 +347,6 @@ void safe_pipe(int *fd, int read_noblock)
    die(_("cannot create pipe: %s"), NULL, EC_MISC);
 }

-void *whine_malloc(size_t size)
-{
-  void *ret = calloc(1, size);
-
-  if (!ret)
-    my_syslog(LOG_ERR, _("failed to allocate %d bytes"), (int) size);
-  
-  return ret;
-}
-
-void *whine_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
-{
-  void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);
-
-  if (!ret)
-    my_syslog(LOG_ERR, _("failed to reallocate %d bytes"), (int) size);
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
 int sockaddr_isequal(const union mysockaddr *s1, const union mysockaddr *s2)
 {
  if (s1->sa.sa_family == s2->sa.sa_family)
@@ -426,7 +416,7 @@ int hostname_order(const char *a, const char *b)

 int hostname_isequal(const char *a, const char *b)
 {
-  return hostname_order(a, b) == 0;
+  return strlen(a) == strlen(b) && hostname_order(a, b) == 0;
 }

 /* is b equal to or a subdomain of a return 2 for equal, 1 for subdomain */
@@ -439,8 +429,8 @@ int hostname_issubdomain(char *a, char *b)
  for (ap = a; *ap; ap++); 
  for (bp = b; *bp; bp++);

-  /* a shorter than b or a empty. */
-  if ((bp - b) < (ap - a) || ap == a)
+  /* a shorter than b */
+  if ((ap - a) < (bp - b))
    return 0;

  do
@@ -455,12 +445,12 @@ int hostname_issubdomain(char *a, char *b)

       if (c1 != c2)
 	 return 0;
-    } while (ap != a);
+    } while (bp != b);

-  if (bp == b)
+  if (ap == a)
    return 2;

-  if (*(--bp) == '.')
+  if (*(--ap) == '.')
    return 1;

  return 0;
@@ -688,32 +678,6 @@ int memcmp_masked(unsigned char *a, unsigned char *b, int len, unsigned int mask
  return count;
 }

-/* _note_ may copy buffer */
-int expand_buf(struct iovec *iov, size_t size)
-{
-  void *new;
-
-  if (size <= (size_t)iov->iov_len)
-    return 1;
-
-  if (!(new = whine_malloc(size)))
-    {
-      errno = ENOMEM;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-  if (iov->iov_base)
-    {
-      memcpy(new, iov->iov_base, iov->iov_len);
-      free(iov->iov_base);
-    }
-
-  iov->iov_base = new;
-  iov->iov_len = size;
-
-  return 1;
-}
-
 char *print_mac(char *buff, unsigned char *mac, int len)
 {
  char *p = buff;
@@ -773,43 +737,60 @@ int retry_send(ssize_t rc)
   "once" fails on EAGAIN, as this a timeout.
   This indicates a timeout of a TCP socket.
 */
-int read_write(int fd, unsigned char *packet, int size, int rw)
+int read_writev(int fd, struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, int rw)
 {
-  ssize_t n, done;
-  
-  for (done = 0; done < size; done += n)
-    {
-      if (rw & 1)
-	n = read(fd, &packet[done], (size_t)(size - done));
-      else
-	n = write(fd, &packet[done], (size_t)(size - done));
-      
-      if (n == 0)
-	return 0;
+  int cur = 0;
+  ssize_t n, done = 0;

+  while (cur < iovcnt)
+    {
+      iov[cur].iov_len -= done;
+      iov[cur].iov_base =  ((char *)iov[cur].iov_base) + done;
+
+      if (rw & 1)
+	n = readv(fd, &iov[cur], iovcnt - cur);
+      else
+	n = writev(fd, &iov[cur], iovcnt - cur);
+
+      iov[cur].iov_len += done;
+      iov[cur].iov_base = ((char *)iov[cur].iov_base) - done;
+      
      if (n == -1)
 	{
-	  n = 0; /* don't mess with counter when we loop. */
-
 	  if (errno == EINTR || errno == ENOMEM || errno == ENOBUFS)
 	    continue;
-
-	  if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)
-	    {
-	      /* "once" variant */
-	      if (rw & 2)
-		return 0;
-
-	      continue;
-	    }
+	  
+	  if (!(rw & 2) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK))
+	    continue;

 	  return 0;
 	}
+      
+      if (n == 0 && (rw & 1))
+	return 0;
+      
+      done += n;
+      while (cur < iovcnt && (size_t)done >= iov[cur].iov_len)
+	done -= iov[cur++].iov_len;
    }
          
  return 1;
 }

+int read_write(int fd, unsigned char *packet, int size, int rw)
+{
+  struct iovec iov;
+
+  /* size == 0 is not an error, just a NOOP. */
+  if (size == 0)
+    return 1;
+  
+  iov.iov_len = (size_t)size;
+  iov.iov_base = packet;
+
+  return read_writev(fd, &iov, 1, rw);
+}
+
 /* close all fds except STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR, spare1, spare2 and spare3 */
 void close_fds(long max_fd, int spare1, int spare2, int spare3) 
 {
@@ -831,9 +812,34 @@ void close_fds(long max_fd, int spare1, int spare2, int spare3)
 #endif

 #ifdef FDESCFS
-  DIR *d;
+  DIR *d = NULL;
  
-  if ((d = opendir(FDESCFS)))
+#  ifdef HAVE_BSD_NETWORK
+  dev_t dirdev = 0;
+  char fdescfs[] = FDESCFS; /* string must be writable */
+  struct stat statbuf;
+
+  /* On BSD, fdescfs is normally mounted at /dev/fd. However
+     if it is NOT mounted, devfs creates a directory at /dev/fd
+     which contains (only) the file descriptors 0,1 and 2.
+
+     Under these conditions, opendir() will succeed, and
+     if we proceed we will fail to close extant
+     file descriptors which should be closed.
+     
+     Check that there is a filesystem mounted at /dev/fd
+     by checking that the device changes between /dev/fd
+     and /dev. If if doesn't, fall back to the dumb path. */
+  
+  if (stat(fdescfs, &statbuf) != -1)
+    dirdev = statbuf.st_dev;
+
+  if (stat(dirname(fdescfs), &statbuf) != -1 &&
+      dirdev != statbuf.st_dev)
+#  endif
+    d = opendir(FDESCFS);
+      
+  if (d)
    {
      struct dirent *de;

@@ -855,9 +861,9 @@ void close_fds(long max_fd, int spare1, int spare2, int spare3)
      
      closedir(d);
      return;
-  }
+    }
 #endif
-
+  
  /* fallback, dumb code. */
  for (max_fd--; max_fd >= 0; max_fd--)
    if (max_fd != STDOUT_FILENO && max_fd != STDERR_FILENO && max_fd != STDIN_FILENO &&
@@ -920,3 +926,93 @@ int kernel_version(void)
  return version * 256 + (split ? atoi(split) : 0);
 }
 #endif
+
+#define hash_ptr(x) (((unsigned int)(((char *)(x)) - ((char *)NULL))) & 0xffffff)
+
+void *whine_malloc_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, size_t size)
+{
+  void *ret = calloc(1, size);
+  
+  if (!ret)
+    my_syslog(LOG_ERR, _("failed to allocate %d bytes"), (int) size);
+  else if (daemon->log_malloc)
+    my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("malloc: %s:%u %zu bytes at %x"), func, line, size, hash_ptr(ret));
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void *whine_realloc_real(const char *wrapper, const char *func, unsigned int line, void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+  unsigned int old = hash_ptr(ptr);
+  void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);
+  
+  if (!ret)
+    my_syslog(LOG_ERR, _("failed to reallocate %d bytes"), (int) size);
+  else if (daemon->log_malloc)
+    {
+      if (!wrapper)
+	wrapper = "realloc";
+      my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("%s: %s:%u %zu bytes from %x to %x"), wrapper, func, line, size, old, hash_ptr(ret));
+    }
+  
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* _note_ may copy buffer */
+int expand_buf_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, struct iovec *iov, size_t size)
+{
+  void *new;
+
+  if (size <= (size_t)iov->iov_len)
+    return 1;
+
+  if (!(new = whine_realloc_real("expand_buf", func, line, iov->iov_base, size)))
+    {
+      errno = ENOMEM;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  iov->iov_base = new;
+  iov->iov_len = size;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int expand_workspace_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, unsigned char ***wkspc, int *szp, int new)
+{
+  unsigned char **p;
+  int old = *szp;
+
+  if (old >= new+1)
+    return 1;
+
+  new += 5;
+
+  if (!(p = whine_realloc_real("expand_workspace", func, line, *wkspc, new * sizeof(unsigned char *))))
+    return 0;
+
+  memset(p+old, 0, new-old);
+  
+  *wkspc = p;
+  *szp = new;
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void malloc_log_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, void *mem, size_t size)
+{
+  if (mem && daemon->log_malloc)
+    my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("malloc: %s:%u %zu bytes at %x"), func, line, size, hash_ptr(mem));
+}
+
+#undef free
+void free_real(const char *func, unsigned int line, void *ptr)
+{
+  if (ptr)
+    {
+      if (daemon->log_malloc)
+	my_syslog(LOG_INFO, _("free: %s:%u block at %x"), func, line, hash_ptr(ptr));
+  
+      free(ptr);
+    }
+}