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json/api/json_pointer/back.md
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2026-10-12 07:35:31 +00:00

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# <small>nlohmann::json_pointer::</small>back
```cpp
const string_t& back() const;
```
Return the last reference token.
## Return value
Last reference token.
## Exception safety
Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
## Exceptions
Throws [out_of_range.405](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range405) if the JSON pointer has no parent.
## Complexity
Constant.
## Examples
??? example
The example shows the usage of `back`.
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
int main()
{
// different JSON Pointers
json::json_pointer ptr1("/foo");
json::json_pointer ptr2("/foo/0");
// call empty()
std::cout << "last reference token of \"" << ptr1 << "\" is \"" << ptr1.back() << "\"\n"
<< "last reference token of \"" << ptr2 << "\" is \"" << ptr2.back() << "\"" << std::endl;
}
```
Output:
```json
last reference token of "/foo" is "foo"
last reference token of "/foo/0" is "0"
```
## See also
- [front](front.md) return first reference token
- [pop_back](pop_back.md) remove the last reference token
- [push_back](push_back.md) append an unescaped token at the end of the pointer
- [parent_pointer](parent_pointer.md) returns the parent of this JSON pointer
## Version history
- Added in version 3.6.0.
- Changed return type to `string_t` in version 3.11.0.