91 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
91 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
# <small>nlohmann::basic_json_view::</small>back
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```cpp
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basic_json_view back() const;
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```
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Returns the last element of an array, the last member value of an object, or the value itself if it is primitive
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(as for [`BasicJsonType::back()`](../basic_json/back.md), a primitive value is a range of one element).
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## Return value
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The last element or member value. For a primitive value (number, string, boolean), the value itself.
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## Exception safety
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Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
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## Exceptions
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Throws [`invalid_iterator.214`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214) if the view is
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[null](is_null.md) or [discarded](is_discarded.md), or if it is an empty array or object.
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This exception does not carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
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`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
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`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
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## Complexity
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Linear in the size of the array or object: unlike [`front()`](front.md), which only ever looks at the first
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element, `back()` has to walk every element to find where they end, since elements are not a fixed size in the
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index.
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## Notes
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Unlike [`BasicJsonType::back()`](../basic_json/back.md), which has undefined behavior for an empty array or object,
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`back()` throws `invalid_iterator.214` for an empty array, an empty object, a null value, or a discarded view.
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## Examples
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??? example
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The example below reads only the final status of a build log with `back()`. Even though `back()` is linear in
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the number of events (unlike [`front()`](front.md), which is constant), it still avoids building a
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`BasicJsonType` value for the events that are not needed.
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```cpp
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#include <iostream>
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#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
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using json_document = nlohmann::json_document;
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int main()
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{
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// the same build log; back() reads only the final status. It is linear
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// in the number of events (unlike front(), which is constant), but
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// still far less work than materializing the whole array
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json_document log = json_document::parse(R"(["queued", "started", "compiling", "linking", "done"])");
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std::cout << log.root().back().materialize().dump() << '\n';
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// an empty log -- back() throws instead of the undefined behavior
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// basic_json::back() has for an empty array
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json_document empty_log = json_document::parse("[]");
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try
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{
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static_cast<void>(empty_log.root().back());
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}
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catch (const nlohmann::json::invalid_iterator& e)
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{
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std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
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}
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}
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```
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Output:
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```json
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"done"
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[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value
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```
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## See also
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- [front](front.md) - access the first element
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- [`BasicJsonType::back`](../basic_json/back.md) - the corresponding function of `basic_json`
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## Version history
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- Added in version 3.13.0.
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