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json/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/insert.md
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Niels Lohmann 63c10a51fc Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI (#5638)
* Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI

A review of all documentation pages found factual errors, dead links,
missing cross-references, and gaps in examples. This fixes them and adds
checks so the same problems are caught automatically.

Fixes:
- wrong signatures and version histories (operator!= C++20 member,
  binary() subtype type, get<PointerType>(), JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL, ...)
- stale descriptions (number parsing since #5283, UBJSON table, SAX
  example that no longer compiled, tsl::ordered_map advice)
- dead internal and external links; repology.org badges (the domain is
  suspended) replaced by badges that query the registries directly
- deprecation notes link the migration guide; the guide itself fixed

Additions:
- "See also" sections, cross-references, 25 runnable examples, 12
  Mermaid diagrams, new API pages for json_pointer::operator<=> and
  byte_container_with_subtype::operator==/!=
- landing page, guides for untrusted input and performance
- "unreleased" badge after versions newer than the latest release

Checks:
- strict documentation build (broken links/anchors fail it); CI and
  the publish workflow fetch the full history the build needs
- weekly external link check, Mermaid syntax check in CI
- check_structure.py: example titles, heading levels, alt texts,
  header links, docset index coverage; its unused-example check works
  again
- all examples produce the same output on every platform

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Keep the customer links that could not be fixed

A dead link on the customers page is still the evidence of where the
use of the library was documented. Keep the original URLs of the entries
without a working replacement (Marne, Cisco Webex Desk Camera, Philips
Hue, CyberArk) and exclude exactly these URLs from the link check.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct the duplicate-key recipe's claim about SAX positions

The SAX interface's key() receives no position either; only parse_error()
does. Also note that the recipe does not report the path to the repeated
key (see discussion #5085).

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Say the library is available as a single header and mention json_fwd.hpp

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct documentation errors found while hunting for bugs

- patch/patch_inplace: list the JSON pointer errors parse_error.106-109
  and out_of_range.402/404, and quote the actual parse_error.105 message.
- unflatten: list parse_error.106/107/108 and out_of_range.404.
- to_bson: list out_of_range.415 (binary subtype above 255) and note
  that 412 and 415 are new in 3.13.0.
- to_string: state that string_t must be convertible to std::string, also
  in the StringType requirements table.
- JSON Lines: a `while (input >> j)` loop also throws after the last value
  for concatenated JSON values; show a loop that works for both.
- BON8: a string gets 0xFF only if nothing follows it in the message; a
  string at the end of an array or object is ended by 0xFE.
- custom_string_type.hpp: add operator+=(char), which the "Always
  required" list asks for (json_pointer::to_string, flatten, unflatten,
  and diff did not compile), and an ADL int_to_string for diff and items.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Cache the release headers with functools.lru_cache

Codacy (Pylint) flagged the mutable default argument that header() used
as its cache. functools.lru_cache keeps the same memoization without it.
The script's output is unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-02 11:32:15 +02:00

202 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown

# <small>nlohmann::basic_json::</small>insert
```cpp
// (1)
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const basic_json& val);
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, basic_json&& val);
// (2)
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, size_type cnt, const basic_json& val);
// (3)
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
// (4)
iterator insert(const_iterator pos, initializer_list_t ilist);
// (5)
void insert(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
```
1. Inserts element `val` into an array before iterator `pos`.
2. Inserts `cnt` copies of `val` into an array before iterator `pos`.
3. Inserts elements from range `[first, last)` into an array before iterator `pos`.
4. Inserts elements from initializer list `ilist` into an array before iterator `pos`.
5. Inserts elements from range `[first, last)` into an object.
## Iterator invalidation
For all cases where an element is added to an **array**, a reallocation can happen, in which case all iterators
(including the [`end()`](end.md) iterator) and all references to the elements are invalidated. Otherwise, only the
[`end()`](end.md) iterator is invalidated. Also, any iterator or reference after the insertion point will point to the
same index, which is now a different value.
For [`ordered_json`](../ordered_json.md), also adding an element to an **object** can yield a reallocation which again
invalidates all iterators and all references. Also, any iterator or reference after the insertion point will point to
the same index, which is now a different value.
## Parameters
`pos` (in)
: iterator before which the content will be inserted; may be the `end()` iterator
`val` (in)
: value to insert
`cnt` (in)
: number of copies of `val` to insert
`first` (in)
: the start of the range of elements to insert
`last` (in)
: the end of the range of elements to insert
`ilist` (in)
: initializer list to insert the values from
## Return value
1. iterator pointing to the inserted `val`.
2. iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or `pos` if `#!cpp cnt==0`
3. iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or `pos` if `#!cpp first==last`
4. iterator pointing to the first element inserted, or `pos` if `ilist` is empty
5. (none)
## Exception safety
Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact.
## Exceptions
1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
- Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
2. The function can throw the following exceptions:
- Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
3. The function can throw the following exceptions:
- Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.210`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210) if `first` and `last`
do not belong to the same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.211`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator211) if `first` or `last`
are iterators into container for which insert is called; example: `"passed iterators may not belong to container"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if `first` or `last`
do not point to an array; example: `"iterators first and last must point to arrays"`
4. The function can throw the following exceptions:
- Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
arrays; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if called on an
iterator which does not belong to the current JSON value; example: `"iterator does not fit current value"`
5. The function can throw the following exceptions:
- Throws [`type_error.309`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error309) if called on JSON values other than
objects; example: `"cannot use insert() with string"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.202`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202) if `first` or `last`
do not point to an object; example: `"iterators first and last must point to objects"`
- Throws [`invalid_iterator.210`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210) if `first` and `last`
do not belong to the same JSON value; example: `"iterators do not fit"`
## Complexity
1. Constant plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
2. Linear in `cnt` plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
3. Linear in `#!cpp std::distance(first, last)` plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
4. Linear in `ilist.size()` plus linear in the distance between `pos` and end of the container.
5. `O(N*log(size() + N))`, where `N` is the number of elements to insert.
## Examples
??? example "Example: (1) insert element into array"
The example shows how `insert()` is used.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/insert.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/insert.output"
```
??? example "Example: (2) insert copies of element into array"
The example shows how `insert()` is used.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/insert__count.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/insert__count.output"
```
??? example "Example: (3) insert a range of elements into an array"
The example shows how `insert()` is used.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/insert__range.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/insert__range.output"
```
??? example "Example: (4) insert elements from an initializer list into an array"
The example shows how `insert()` is used.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/insert__ilist.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/insert__ilist.output"
```
??? example "Example: (5) insert a range of elements into an object"
The example shows how `insert()` is used.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/insert__range_object.cpp"
```
Output:
```json
--8<-- "examples/insert__range_object.output"
```
## See also
- [emplace](emplace.md) add a value to an object
- [emplace_back](emplace_back.md) add a value to an array
- [push_back](push_back.md) add a value to an array/object
- [update](update.md) merges objects
## Version history
1. Added in version 1.0.0.
2. Added in version 1.0.0.
3. Added in version 1.0.0.
4. Added in version 1.0.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to copy the values before inserting; before, an `ilist` that
referred to elements of the array being inserted into could insert wrong values, because the range insert could
move from or shift an element before it was copied.
5. Added in version 3.0.0.