Release v0.60.0

* use the SAN type tag in Mbed TLS verify_hostname and get_cert_sans

Mbed TLS keeps a subjectAltName entry's GeneralName tag in buf.tag and the bare value in buf.p / buf.len. verify_hostname ignored the tag, so a dNSName whose bytes equal an address authenticated that IP host, and an iPAddress or rfc822Name was matched as a DNS pattern. get_cert_sans looked for the tag inside the value, so it reported no entries for an ordinary certificate, or part of a dNSName as an entry of its own.

* Shorten the SAN type comments

---------

Co-authored-by: yhirose <yuji.hirose.bug@gmail.com>

README-websocket.md

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ using SubProtocolSelector =
     std::function<std::string(const std::vector<std::string> &protocols)>;
 ```
 
-The `SubProtocolSelector` receives the list of subprotocols proposed by the client (from the `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol` header) and returns the selected one. Return an empty string to decline all proposed subprotocols.
+The `SubProtocolSelector` receives the list of subprotocols proposed by the client (from the `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol` header) and returns the selected one. Return an empty string to decline all proposed subprotocols. A returned value that the client did not propose is ignored.
 
 ### WebSocket (Server-side)
 

docs-src/config.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ langs = ["en", "ja"]
 
 [site]
 title = "cpp-httplib"
-version = "0.59.0"
+version = "0.60.0"
 hostname = "https://yhirose.github.io"
 base_path = "/cpp-httplib"
 footer_message = "© 2026 Yuji Hirose. All rights reserved."

httplib.h

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 #ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
 #define CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
 
-#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION "0.59.0"
-#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION_NUM "0x003b00"
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION "0.60.0"
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION_NUM "0x003c00"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #if defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && _WIN32_WINNT < 0x0A00
@@ -8272,9 +8272,11 @@ struct WebSocketUpgradeResponse {
   std::string selected_subprotocol;
 };
 
-inline bool read_websocket_upgrade_response(Stream &strm,
-                                            const std::string &expected_accept,
-                                            WebSocketUpgradeResponse &upgrade) {
+inline bool
+read_websocket_upgrade_response(Stream &strm,
+                                const std::string &expected_accept,
+                                const std::string &offered_subprotocols,
+                                WebSocketUpgradeResponse &upgrade) {
   // Read status line
   const auto bufsiz = 2048;
   char buf[bufsiz];
@@ -8331,6 +8333,22 @@ inline bool read_websocket_upgrade_response(Stream &strm,
     upgrade.selected_subprotocol = proto_it->second;
   }
 
+  // Verify the subprotocol is one the client offered (RFC 6455 4.1)
+  if (!upgrade.selected_subprotocol.empty()) {
+    auto was_offered = false;
+    split(offered_subprotocols.data(),
+          offered_subprotocols.data() + offered_subprotocols.size(), ',',
+          [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+            if (std::string(b, e) == upgrade.selected_subprotocol) {
+              was_offered = true;
+            }
+          });
+    if (!was_offered) {
+      upgrade.error = Error::WebSocketHandshake;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -10328,7 +10346,10 @@ inline bool perform_websocket_handshake(Stream &strm, Request &req,
 
   // Verify 101 response and Sec-WebSocket-Accept header
   auto expected_accept = websocket_accept_key(client_key);
-  return read_websocket_upgrade_response(strm, expected_accept, upgrade);
+  auto offered_subprotocols =
+      get_combined_header_value(req.headers, "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol");
+  return read_websocket_upgrade_response(strm, expected_accept,
+                                         offered_subprotocols, upgrade);
 }
 
 inline bool is_ip_address(const std::string &host) {
@@ -14671,6 +14692,12 @@ Server::process_request(Stream &strm, const std::string &remote_addr,
                             protocols.emplace_back(b, e);
                           });
             selected_subprotocol = entry.sub_protocol_selector(protocols);
+
+            // Ignore a selection the client did not offer (RFC 6455 4.2.2)
+            if (std::find(protocols.begin(), protocols.end(),
+                          selected_subprotocol) == protocols.end()) {
+              selected_subprotocol.clear();
+            }
           }
         }
 
@@ -21029,29 +21056,24 @@ inline bool verify_hostname(cert_t cert, const char *hostname) {
   auto ip_len = impl::parse_ip_address(host_str, ip_bytes);
   auto is_ip = ip_len > 0;
 
-  // Check Subject Alternative Names (SAN)
-  // In Mbed TLS 3.x, subject_alt_names contains raw values without ASN.1 tags
-  // - DNS names: raw string bytes
-  // - IP addresses: raw IP bytes (4 for IPv4, 16 for IPv6)
+  // Check Subject Alternative Names (SAN). Mbed TLS keeps the GeneralName type
+  // in buf.tag and the raw value in buf.p / buf.len.
   const mbedtls_x509_sequence *san = &mcert->subject_alt_names;
   while (san != nullptr && san->buf.p != nullptr && san->buf.len > 0) {
     const unsigned char *p = san->buf.p;
     size_t len = san->buf.len;
+    auto san_type = san->buf.tag & MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_VALUE_MASK;
 
     if (is_ip) {
       // For an IP host, only a matching iPAddress SAN of the same family
       // (4 bytes for IPv4, 16 bytes for IPv6) may authenticate it.
-      if (len == ip_len && memcmp(p, ip_bytes, ip_len) == 0) { return true; }
-    } else {
-      // Check if this SAN is a DNS name (printable ASCII string)
-      bool is_dns = len > 0;
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < len && is_dns; i++) {
-        if (p[i] < 32 || p[i] > 126) { is_dns = false; }
-      }
-      if (is_dns) {
-        std::string san_name(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), len);
-        if (detail::match_hostname(san_name, host_str)) { return true; }
+      if (san_type == MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_IP_ADDRESS && len == ip_len &&
+          memcmp(p, ip_bytes, ip_len) == 0) {
+        return true;
       }
+    } else if (san_type == MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_DNS_NAME) {
+      std::string san_name(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), len);
+      if (detail::match_hostname(san_name, host_str)) { return true; }
     }
     san = san->next;
   }
@@ -21130,65 +21152,45 @@ inline bool get_cert_sans(cert_t cert, std::vector<SanEntry> &sans) {
   const mbedtls_x509_sequence *cur = &x509->subject_alt_names;
   while (cur != nullptr) {
     if (cur->buf.len > 0) {
-      // Mbed TLS stores SAN as ASN.1 sequences
-      // The tag byte indicates the type
       const unsigned char *p = cur->buf.p;
-      size_t len = cur->buf.len;
+      size_t value_len = cur->buf.len;
 
-      // First byte is the tag
-      unsigned char tag = *p;
-      p++;
-      len--;
-
-      // Parse length (simple single-byte length assumed)
-      if (len > 0 && *p < 0x80) {
-        size_t value_len = *p;
-        p++;
-        len--;
-
-        if (value_len <= len) {
-          SanEntry entry;
-          // ASN.1 context tags for GeneralName
-          switch (tag & 0x1F) {
-          case 2: // dNSName
-            entry.type = SanType::DNS;
-            entry.value =
-                std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), value_len);
-            break;
-          case 7: // iPAddress
-            entry.type = SanType::IP;
-            if (value_len == 4) {
-              // IPv4
-              char buf[16];
-              snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d.%d.%d.%d", p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]);
-              entry.value = buf;
-            } else if (value_len == 16) {
-              // IPv6
-              char buf[64];
-              snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
-                       "%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x:"
-                       "%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x",
-                       p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3], p[4], p[5], p[6], p[7], p[8],
-                       p[9], p[10], p[11], p[12], p[13], p[14], p[15]);
-              entry.value = buf;
-            }
-            break;
-          case 1: // rfc822Name (email)
-            entry.type = SanType::EMAIL;
-            entry.value =
-                std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), value_len);
-            break;
-          case 6: // uniformResourceIdentifier
-            entry.type = SanType::URI;
-            entry.value =
-                std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), value_len);
-            break;
-          default: entry.type = SanType::OTHER; break;
-          }
-
-          if (!entry.value.empty()) { sans.push_back(std::move(entry)); }
+      SanEntry entry;
+      switch (cur->buf.tag & MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_VALUE_MASK) {
+      case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_DNS_NAME:
+        entry.type = SanType::DNS;
+        entry.value = std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), value_len);
+        break;
+      case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_IP_ADDRESS:
+        entry.type = SanType::IP;
+        if (value_len == 4) {
+          // IPv4
+          char buf[16];
+          snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d.%d.%d.%d", p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]);
+          entry.value = buf;
+        } else if (value_len == 16) {
+          // IPv6
+          char buf[64];
+          snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                   "%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x:"
+                   "%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x",
+                   p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3], p[4], p[5], p[6], p[7], p[8], p[9],
+                   p[10], p[11], p[12], p[13], p[14], p[15]);
+          entry.value = buf;
         }
+        break;
+      case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_RFC822_NAME:
+        entry.type = SanType::EMAIL;
+        entry.value = std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), value_len);
+        break;
+      case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_UNIFORM_RESOURCE_IDENTIFIER:
+        entry.type = SanType::URI;
+        entry.value = std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p), value_len);
+        break;
+      default: entry.type = SanType::OTHER; break;
       }
+
+      if (!entry.value.empty()) { sans.push_back(std::move(entry)); }
     }
     cur = cur->next;
   }

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -146,6 +146,13 @@ if(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL)
         WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
         COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
     )
+    # cert_san_types.pem: the bytes of each SAN read as the other type:
+    #                 DNS:a.zz is 97.46.122.122, IP:42.46.122.122 is "*.zz".
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND ${OPENSSL_COMMAND} req -x509 -key key.pem -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -subj /CN=san-types -addext subjectAltName=DNS:a.zz,IP:42.46.122.122 -out cert_san_types.pem
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+        COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
+    )
 endif()
 
 add_subdirectory(fuzzing)

test/gen-certs.sh

@@ -33,3 +33,7 @@ openssl req -x509 -key key.pem -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -subj "/CN=127.0.0.1" -
 #                 different address. The SAN address must match; the CN address
 #                 must be ignored.
 openssl req -x509 -key key.pem -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -subj "/CN=::1" -addext "subjectAltName=IP:2001:db8::1" -out cert_ipv6.pem
+
+# cert_san_types.pem: the bytes of each SAN read as the other type:
+#                 DNS:a.zz is 97.46.122.122, IP:42.46.122.122 is "*.zz".
+openssl req -x509 -key key.pem -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes -subj "/CN=san-types" -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:a.zz,IP:42.46.122.122" -out cert_san_types.pem

test/meson.build

@@ -137,6 +137,15 @@ cert_ipv6_pem = custom_target(
   command: [openssl, 'req', '-x509', '-key', '@INPUT@', '-sha256', '-days', '3650', '-nodes', '-subj', '/CN=::1', '-addext', 'subjectAltName=IP:2001:db8::1', '-out', '@OUTPUT@']
 )
 
+# cert_san_types.pem: the bytes of each SAN read as the other type: DNS:a.zz is
+# 97.46.122.122, IP:42.46.122.122 is "*.zz".
+cert_san_types_pem = custom_target(
+  'cert_san_types_pem',
+  input: key_pem,
+  output: 'cert_san_types.pem',
+  command: [openssl, 'req', '-x509', '-key', '@INPUT@', '-sha256', '-days', '3650', '-nodes', '-subj', '/CN=san-types', '-addext', 'subjectAltName=DNS:a.zz,IP:42.46.122.122', '-out', '@OUTPUT@']
+)
+
 # Copy test files to the build directory
 configure_file(input: 'ca-bundle.crt', output: 'ca-bundle.crt', copy: true)
 configure_file(input: 'image.jpg',     output: 'image.jpg',     copy: true)
@@ -178,7 +187,8 @@ test(
     client_encrypted_pbes1_key_pem,
     client_encrypted_cert_pem,
     cert_ip_cn_pem,
-    cert_ipv6_pem
+    cert_ipv6_pem,
+    cert_san_types_pem
   ],
   workdir: meson.current_build_dir(),
   timeout: 300

test/test.cc

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ inline std::string u8_to_string(const char8_t *s) {
 #define SERVER_CERT2_FILE "./cert2.pem"
 #define SERVER_CERT_IP_CN_FILE "./cert_ip_cn.pem"
 #define SERVER_CERT_IPV6_FILE "./cert_ipv6.pem"
+#define SERVER_CERT_SAN_TYPES_FILE "./cert_san_types.pem"
 #define SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE "./key.pem"
 #define CA_CERT_FILE "./ca-bundle.crt"
 #define CLIENT_CA_CERT_FILE "./rootCA.cert.pem"
@@ -14869,6 +14870,123 @@ TEST(SSLClientServerTest, TlsVerifyHostnameIpv6San) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(cn_ipv6_matched)
       << "An IPv6 host must not be authenticated via the certificate CN";
 }
+
+// A SAN entry must only match a host of its own type: the bytes of the dNSName
+// "a.zz" are also 97.46.122.122, and 42.46.122.122 reads as "*.zz".
+TEST(SSLClientServerTest, TlsVerifyHostnameSanType) {
+  using namespace httplib::tls;
+
+  // SANs: DNS:a.zz, IP:42.46.122.122
+  SSLServer svr(SERVER_CERT_SAN_TYPES_FILE, SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(svr.is_valid());
+
+  svr.Get("/test", [](const Request &, Response &res) {
+    res.set_content("ok", "text/plain");
+  });
+
+  auto port = svr.bind_to_any_port(HOST);
+  thread t([&]() { svr.listen_after_bind(); });
+  auto se = detail::scope_exit([&] {
+    svr.stop();
+    t.join();
+  });
+  svr.wait_until_ready();
+
+  bool verify_callback_called = false;
+  bool dns_san_matched = false;
+  bool ip_san_matched = false;
+  bool ip_matched_via_dns_san = true;
+  bool dns_matched_via_ip_san = true;
+
+  SSLClient cli(HOST, port);
+  cli.enable_server_certificate_verification(true);
+  cli.set_ca_cert_path(CA_CERT_FILE);
+  cli.set_connection_timeout(5);
+
+  cli.set_server_certificate_verifier([&](const VerifyContext &ctx) -> bool {
+    verify_callback_called = true;
+    if (!ctx.cert) return false;
+
+    dns_san_matched = ctx.check_hostname("a.zz");
+    ip_san_matched = ctx.check_hostname("42.46.122.122");
+
+    ip_matched_via_dns_san = ctx.check_hostname("97.46.122.122");
+    dns_matched_via_ip_san = ctx.check_hostname("b.zz");
+
+    return true; // Accept for the purpose of this test
+  });
+
+  cli.Get("/test");
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(verify_callback_called)
+      << "Verify callback should have been called";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dns_san_matched) << "verify_hostname should match a dNSName SAN";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ip_san_matched)
+      << "verify_hostname should match an iPAddress SAN";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ip_matched_via_dns_san)
+      << "An IP host must not be authenticated via a dNSName SAN";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(dns_matched_via_ip_san)
+      << "A DNS host must not be authenticated via an iPAddress SAN";
+}
+
+// sans() must report each SAN entry under its own type.
+TEST(SSLClientServerTest, TlsCertSansEntryTypes) {
+  using namespace httplib::tls;
+
+  // SANs: DNS:a.zz, IP:42.46.122.122
+  SSLServer svr(SERVER_CERT_SAN_TYPES_FILE, SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(svr.is_valid());
+
+  svr.Get("/test", [](const Request &, Response &res) {
+    res.set_content("ok", "text/plain");
+  });
+
+  auto port = svr.bind_to_any_port(HOST);
+  thread t([&]() { svr.listen_after_bind(); });
+  auto se = detail::scope_exit([&] {
+    svr.stop();
+    t.join();
+  });
+  svr.wait_until_ready();
+
+  bool verify_callback_called = false;
+  std::vector<SanEntry> sans;
+
+  SSLClient cli(HOST, port);
+  cli.enable_server_certificate_verification(true);
+  cli.set_ca_cert_path(CA_CERT_FILE);
+  cli.set_connection_timeout(5);
+
+  cli.set_server_certificate_verifier([&](const VerifyContext &ctx) -> bool {
+    verify_callback_called = true;
+    if (!ctx.cert) return false;
+
+    sans = ctx.sans();
+
+    return true; // Accept for the purpose of this test
+  });
+
+  cli.Get("/test");
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(verify_callback_called)
+      << "Verify callback should have been called";
+
+  auto has_san = [&](SanType type, const std::string &value) {
+    return std::any_of(sans.begin(), sans.end(), [&](const SanEntry &san) {
+      return san.type == type && san.value == value;
+    });
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_san(SanType::DNS, "a.zz"))
+      << "sans() should report the dNSName SAN";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(has_san(SanType::IP, "42.46.122.122"))
+      << "sans() should report the iPAddress SAN";
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(has_san(SanType::IP, "97.46.122.122"))
+      << "sans() must not report the dNSName SAN as an address";
+  EXPECT_FALSE(has_san(SanType::DNS, "*.zz"))
+      << "sans() must not report the iPAddress SAN as a DNS name";
+}
 #endif
 
 // mbedTLS-specific callback constructor test
@@ -24061,6 +24179,18 @@ protected:
           }
           return "";
         });
+
+    server_->WebSocket(
+        "/ws-subprotocol-unoffered",
+        [](const Request &, ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+          std::string msg;
+          while (ws.read(msg)) {
+            ws.send(msg);
+          }
+        },
+        [](const std::vector<std::string> &) -> std::string {
+          return "admin";
+        });
   }
 
   void start_server() {
@@ -24403,6 +24533,18 @@ TEST_F(WebSocketIntegrationTest, SubProtocolNoMatch) {
   client.close();
 }
 
+TEST_F(WebSocketIntegrationTest, SubProtocolSelectorReturnsUnoffered) {
+  Headers headers = {{"Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", "chat"}};
+  ws::WebSocketClient client("ws://localhost:" + std::to_string(port_) +
+                                 "/ws-subprotocol-unoffered",
+                             headers);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(client.connect());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(client.subprotocol().empty());
+
+  client.close();
+}
+
 TEST_F(WebSocketIntegrationTest, SubProtocolNotRequested) {
   // Connect without requesting any subprotocol
   ws::WebSocketClient client("ws://localhost:" + std::to_string(port_) +
@@ -25001,6 +25143,52 @@ TEST(WebSocketTest, ClientRejectsResponseWithoutUpgradeToken) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(client.is_open());
 }
 
+TEST(WebSocketTest, ClientRejectsUnofferedSubprotocol) {
+  Server svr;
+  svr.Get("/ws", [](const Request &req, Response &res) {
+    res.status = StatusCode::SwitchingProtocol_101;
+    res.set_header("Upgrade", "websocket");
+    res.set_header("Connection", "Upgrade");
+    res.set_header("Sec-WebSocket-Accept",
+                   detail::websocket_accept_key(
+                       req.get_header_value("Sec-WebSocket-Key")));
+    res.set_header("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", "admin");
+  });
+
+  auto port = svr.bind_to_any_port("localhost");
+  std::thread t([&]() { svr.listen_after_bind(); });
+  auto se = detail::scope_exit([&] {
+    svr.stop();
+    t.join();
+  });
+  svr.wait_until_ready();
+
+  const auto url = "ws://localhost:" + std::to_string(port) + "/ws";
+
+  // Server selects a subprotocol the client never offered
+  {
+    Headers headers = {{"Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", "chat"}};
+    ws::WebSocketClient client(url, headers);
+
+    auto res = client.connect();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Error::WebSocketHandshake, res.error());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(client.is_open());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(client.subprotocol().empty());
+  }
+
+  // Client offered none but the server named one anyway
+  {
+    ws::WebSocketClient client(url);
+
+    auto res = client.connect();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Error::WebSocketHandshake, res.error());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(client.is_open());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(client.subprotocol().empty());
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(WebSocketTest, HostHeaderOverUnixSocket) {
   // The socket path doubles as the URL host, so it must not contain '/'.
   const char *shard = getenv("GTEST_SHARD_INDEX");